Imfazwe Yomkhosi

Imfazwe Yomphakathi ka-1917 idibene ne-"white" ne "ebomvu". Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha leemeko, izimo zengqondo zilungiswe rhoqo, ukunyuswa kwezopolitiko kwakha iibhloko ezahlukeneyo.

Imfazwe yembambano yenzeke kungekuphela komzabalazo weBolsheviks onoMbutho oMhlophe. Ukuchasana kwakukho kunye nabadala be-allied (ama-anarchist kunye ne-left-wing-Socialist-Revolutionaries), abachasene nabo babengabalandeli beNdibano yesiBambano.

Kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba imikhosi ephikisana neBolshevism yayingalingani kakhulu, kwaye ukungafani okubangelwayo akuzange kuvumele ukudala inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo. Kukho kwakhona ukutyiwa kwelizwe, kungahambelani nemisebenzi yeqela elithile. Imfazwe Yomphakathi YaseRashiya yayiyiphunga.

Izizathu zokulwa nazo zazixhomekeke kakhulu ekuchaseni phakathi kwamandla athola amandla kunye nezinye iintlalo zezopolitiko.

Emva kokufumana amandla, amaBolshevik aqala ukutshutshiswa kwemibutho "ngokuchasene neenguqulelo." Ngelo xesha, utshaba loorhulumente omtsha aluhanjiswanga nje kuphela "kwisizathu esiphutha soguqulelo", kodwa nakwiindawo ezihlukeneyo (iinduna, amagosa, abarhwebi, ii-Cossacks, ababingeleli nabanye). Ukuchasana kwamapolitiko ahlukeneyo kwaba ngumphendulo. Kwakhiwa amaqela amaninzi okulwa neBolshevik ekuqaleni kwe-1918 ("iKomiti yoLondolozo lweNguqulelo kunye ne-Motherland", "iKomidi yoLuntu loLondolozo" kunye neminye imibutho). Kule mihlaba indima yeeCadet yayisebenzisayo.

Ukusabalalisa kweNdibano yesiBethamthetho kuququzelele ukuqala kweengalo zabamelene neBolsheviks. Imfazwe yoluntu kweli xesha ibonakaliswe ngoluhlobo lokungahloneli. Icandelo leentelligentsia lizama ukuyeka u-fratricide, kodwa akukho nto.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwada kwaphakathi kwe-1918 iintetho ezichasene neBolshevik zazingekho kumlinganiso omkhulu. Iphulo likaGeneral Krasnov ukuya kuPetrograd, ukuvukela kuka-Ataman Kaledin kuDon no-Ataman Dutov kwii-Urals zase-Southern, ukuvukela kweJunkers ngo-Oktobha (1917) eMoscow kunye nezinye izibhambano ezingahambisani.

Imfazwe yombango yayicatshukiswa kakhulu yi-Social Revolutionaries, eyayiququzelela ukuvukela kweenkokheli zeCzechoslovak Corps.

Ihlobo le-1918 libonakalisa ukukrakra okuqhubekayo phakathi kwe-Socialist-Revolutionaries kunye neBolsheviks. Ngelo xesha, baqala ukubonisa ukungavumelani kwabo nomgaqo weBolshevik amandla kunye nabahlalutyi.

Ukwahlula phakathi kwama-anarchist kwabangelwa yiBrest Peace. Ngenxa yoko, kwakhiwa ama-currents amabili-axhasayo kunye nabachasi bamandla aseSoviet. Phakathi kwabaxhasi beBolshevism banamanani afana noBerg, uZheleznyakov, Furmanov. Nangona kunjalo, inani elincinci labalawuli be-anarchist bachasene nolawulo lweSoviet.

Ekwindla ka-1918 iNzululwazi-abaPhicothi be-Mensheviks baqala ukufumana ubunzima beengcinga kunye neentlangano. Ukuthetha ngokumelene neBolshevism, i-Socialist-Revolutionaries ayifumananga inkxaso yama-Whites. Ngaphezu koko, iinqununu zikaKolchak kunye neDenikin zivakalise ukudelelwa kwabo.

Eyona ndlela ihambelanayo ngayo bonke abachasene neBolshevism yintshukumo emhlophe. Iingcamango zakhe (iStruve, uLvov, Shulgin) zazama ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi yazo ngokusekelwe kwingcamango yesizwe, eyayilwela umzabalazo ojolise ekuvuseleleni i-statehood eqinile.

Njengomkhosi wamasosha, i-white current yaqala ukuqala ekuqaleni kowe-1918, ngokubunjwa kwamagumbi okuzithandela eNovocherkassk Alekseev, eKaledin, eKornilov. Ekupheleni konyaka umkhosi wamavolontiya wawukhokelwa nguGeneral Denikin.

Intshukumo emhlophe yahlulwa. Kukho izizathu ezininzi. Omnye wabalobi beembali-mlando kukuba ukungabikho kwenkxaso yabantu. Abantu babesoloko bethetha ngeeReds kunye ne-Whites, kwaye bahlala bechasa zombini.

Emva kokupheliswa kwentshukumo emhlophe, imfazwe yombutho yaseBolsheviks yayingekapheli. Uvuko lwase-Antonov lugxothwa kwiphondo laseTambov.

Ekupheleni kwemfazwe, i-Kronstadt mutiny yamanqanawa aseBaltic, eqala ekuqaleni kwintlanzi yamandla okutshatyalaliswa kweeReds, yaxineka kakhulu.