Njengoko i-spaceship Yuri Gagarin ibizwa ngokuba: ezinye iinguqulelo

Ngomhla kahlobo ka-1961, ngo-Ephreli 12, abemi behlabathi lonke bafunda igama lomntu owavula indawo kubantu.

Ukususela kwiimpapasho zeepapasho ezonwabileyo, zifundwa ngophando olukhawulezayo lweengxelo zomsakazo ezinomdla kuzo zonke iilwimi ezinokwenzeka, kwaye ekugqibeleni, iiprogram zethelevishini, zaziwa kwaye yayibizwa ngokuba yi-Yuri Gagarin. Igama eliqhelekileyo kwenye yeendlela ezine. Nantoni na eli gama lithethi, alichazi nayiphi na imithwalo. Kwaye kwakukho imibuzo eninzi, kodwa iimpendulo ezimbalwa.

Ubuncinane bezesayensi kunye nezobupolitika

Ewe, ukuba loo mcimbi uvele kwiminyaka emashumi mane ngaphambili, kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini, umntu unokuqiqa nje ukuba yiyiphi i- rocket yendawo yokuqala eya kuba yegama . Ngaloo minyaka, njengesiqhelo, mhlawumbi yayiza kuthiwa "Internationale-1", okanye isiqulatho esichukumisayo, esifana nefestile yexesha. Ngokomzekelo, "Strasovkos" (umhlaba weeSoviet kwi-Space). Okanye "Vladlenkos" (Vladimir Lenin kwindawo enye). Emva kwakho konke, kwanokuba i-post yeSekela likaPhepha leKhomishana yeMicimbi yeMaritime ibikhethwe njenge "Zamkompomorde". Ngokubanzi, kwakuza kuvela into ecacileyo.

Kwaye ukuba i-cosmonaut yokuqala yayithunyelwa kumjikelezo phantsi kweStalin, mhlawumbi, yayiza kuthwala igama lenkokeli, "uyise wezizwe," ebundwini lakhe.

Elinye igama lomkhosi, umkhosi

Ukuba umkhosi wezemfundo, imfihlelo eyimfihlo yacelwa malunga nokuba yintoni i-Yuri Gagarin eyakhelwe kuyo indawo, wayeya kuphendula (ukugcina ulawulo lwentengiso, kwaye kuphela kulabo "babenokuqala"), echanekileyo-R-7. Ngenxa yokuba yayiyi -missile ye-ballistic eyenza umqhubi we-Soviet owaziwayo. Kodwa kuphela ukubuza imibuzo enjalo yayicacile. Okokuqala, kwakudingeka ukwazi ukuba ngubani na ongasondela nabo, kwaye oku kuye kwaba ngaphaya kwamandla kwanobuchule obunengqiqo njengeCIA. Okwesibini, phantse yonke into echaphazelekayo yophando lwendawo yeSoviet yagcinwa yimfihlo.

Imibuzo ekhohlisayo uGagarin kunye nezimpendulo zakhe ezintle

Ngo-Ephreli 16, 1961, i-cosmonaut yokuqala yehlabathi yafika kwinkomfa yenkomfa apho kubhaliswa khona ii-arhente zeendaba ukuba zibuze nayiphi na, nokuba yimibuzo enzima kakhulu. Ngaloo xesha, babesazi kuphela oko kwakuthiwa yi-Yuri Gagarin indawo yokukhwabanisa, ubunzima bokuhlawulwa kwayo (iitoni ezi-5) kunye nezinye iipamitha ezivakaliswe ngaphambili yi-Academician Keldysh. Iqhawe elimomothekayo, elibukhali kwaye libukhali liphendule yonke imibuzo yabathengululi, kodwa ayizange idibanise ulwazi olutsha lwezobuchwepheshe. Kuze kube ngo-1968, xa isithuthi se-"East" senziwa umboniso weMiboniso yoPhumelelo lwezoQoqosho, nokuba nomfanekiso wendawo ehlala kuyo yayingummangaliso, kungabikho ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezixakekayo ezinika ubomi kunye nokufika kwe-capsule. Izizathu zeso sigqubuthelo semfihlelo. Abantu baseMerika babehamba phambili kwizithende zabo, kodwa babehlala bephelile kwiinyanga ezimbini okanye ezintathu, okwakuchukumisayo kakhulu kuMongameli uKennedy nabanye abantu abalulekileyo kwiNdlu eNtshonalanga, kwaye kungekhona kuphela. Nangona kungabalulekanga kwiinkcukacha zokuqala zokubangela kunokukhokelela abaqulunqi belizwe laphesheya ukuya kwicala elifanelekileyo, kwaye okuphambili kuza kulahleka. Iingcali ezivela eUnited States zenza iingcamango malunga nokubekwa "kweMpuma", kodwa, njengoko kwakuboniswe ixesha, bonke babengalunganga.

"EMpuma" kunye no "Zenith" ngabazalwana abazalwana

Ngoko, wonk 'ubani uyazi into ebizwa ngokuba yi-Yuri Gagarin spacecraft - i-Vostok-1. Kodwa igama elithi "Zenith" kude kube ngo-1968, phantse akukho mntu uthethile. Abambalwa kuphela ababesazi malunga nomsebenzi wokwenene kunye oyintloko, owawucwangciswa ngokucwangcisa intloko ye-rocket. Ukongezelela ekunikezeni iimfazwe zenyukliya, i-R-7 ingaqalisa isatellite kwi-orbit ene-super-power optics kunye nezixhobo zeefoto. Ngobunzima obukhulu, uKeldysh kunye noKumkanikazi baphumelele ekungeniseni kumgaqo-karhulumente we-government secret order amazwi malunga nokuhamba kwendiza. Ngenxa yoko u-Yuri Gagarin waba ngumzekelo wokuguqulwa, ngelixa injongo yakhe ephambili yayiquka ukutholwa kweefoto zempi.

Kwakhona malunga nembali

Ixesha libonise ukufaneleka kwenzululwazi enkulu ye-SP Korolev kunye neqela lakhe elimangalisayo. Iiminyaka ezidlulileyo zidlulile, kwaye namhlanje banqabile ukukhumbula i-spell satellites, imifanekiso ecacileyo yamaziko okhuselo aseSoviet kunye nama-America ajoliswe omnye nomnye ngee-macaclasses ze-ballistic kunye nezinye izinto ezimbi kwi- War of Cold. Kodwa bonke abantu bayayikhumbula, njengoko umkhombe kaYuri Gagarin wabizwa, uyayazi ngokuphambili kwendawo yethu kwaye uyabiza igama lovulindlela wezulu kunye nentlonipho kunye nothando. Oku akunako ukutshintshwa.