Yintoni ngokufunda ifilosofi ezopolitiko?

intanda Political - ke intsimi elahlukileyo yophando ngengqondo ezijoliswe ekuqondeni iimpawu kunye namandla karhulumente, kwakunye nemisebenzi kunye namalungelo abemi balo. Le inzululwazi, kwakunye nezinye theory olumisiweyo, igxininisa ukucacisa imilinganiselo, egxininisa imilinganiselo yokuziphatha ezithandekayo ngamnye abangatshatanga kunye nenkqubo amandla kweli lizwe liphela. ifilosofi kwezopolitiko, kwasekwa phantsi kweempembelelo iingcinga ezithile, Azigubungele imeko ezisisiseko yokwenene, ngokuqhelekileyo kumazwe aseYurophu ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo zembali. Ukuhlalutya uhlobo amandla kunye nokuziphatha yeenkokeli yelizwe, izazi kumaXesha Aphakathi namaxesha mihla bayazi kakuhle ukuba isenzo kakumkani mayibhekiswe ukutshintsha ukuba ngcono kwaye ukuthintela ukugxagxiseka leyinene ekhoyo.

Imfundiso Machiavelli

bulumko Machiavelli ezopolitiko wayenempebelelo iimeko ezimaxongo nto luphawu lokuba Italy ngenkulungwane XV. Nangona izazinzulu kakhulu kakubi kuhlolwa indima efuna ukucinezela zonke iinkonzo zabantu kunye ibandla, ukuba ukunyanzelisa umbono wabo ezikhona, sobulumko ubona kwiziko futhi enengqondo. Ngenxa yoko, Machiavelli wayekholelwa ukuba ngenxa yezenzo abefundisi ngqo onokumanyanisa urhulumente saa ngamandla ezomeleleyo nokumanyanisa abantu.

Noko ke, iCawa yamaKatolika, kwelinye icala, akazange afune ukuba ukukhokela Italy ukuba kuhluma ngamandla ababemelene ubunye eli lizwe phantsi kwesikhokelo nkqubo yehlabathi, apho uKumkani wathetha. Machiavelli wayekholelwa ukuba urhulumente kufuneka ukulawula umgaqo-nkqubo afanelekileyo loo nto iyangqubana nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, kodwa xa kuyimfuneko akakwazi ukwenza okulungileyo, ayithimbe izisombululo afanelekileyo imeko ethile. Ngokuxhomekeke injongo yawo nawuphi na umlawuli ungakhetha zonke iintlobo zezixhobo evumela ukuba babe nempumelelo kwaye kufikelelwe ezinqwenelekayo.

Imfundiso Renaissance

ifilosofi yezentlalo noqoqosho apha Renaissance - Fusion nomelo ezahlukeneyo izazinzulu malunga nohlobo karhulumente kunye noluntu, ngokufuthi kwasekwa phantsi kweempembelelo izimvo ezahlukeneyo nephupha. Ekubeni ubomi baseYurophu ixesha ndilolonga umsebenzi iinkolelo zonqulo, uninzi lweengcamango eyayisingethe umba nendima nokutshintsha beCawa kurhulumente. Ngokomzekelo, kumazwe amaninzi indawo ubuKatolika, ubuProtestanti esiza, bemkhanyela amandla le Pope, yaye oku zonqulo wavumela irhuluneli ukuba zilandele umgaqo elizimeleyo, ngaphandle ungenelelo evela kwiVatican.

Xa Renaissance bulumko yezopolitiko ikakhulu lathembela imfundiso Machiavelli, yaye izazinzulu ezigqamileyo baqiniseka ukuba injongo ngobukho urhulumente ukucinezela iimpawu ezisezantsi zogqunyelelwe lomntu ngamnye. Ngoko, umphathi kufuneka kubonakale kuphela ezindilekileyo, kodwa musa kunjalo enyanisweni, kuba kungenjalo kuya yena yawiswa yi imigewu.

Isimo enhle

Ifilosofi kwezopolitiko XVII-XIX iinkulungwane, bayamkela ingcamango ukuba iimpawu nomlawuli mihla, yaye izazinzulu ezininzi baye bazama ukuba lengqondo isimo efanelekileyo. Ingakumbi kwaqaqambisa iimfundiso wobusoshiyali nephupha Tommaso Campanella kunye Sir Thomas More, nto leyo eyenza ukuba umfanekiso lizwe basentsomini apho ngokoyisa ubulungisa kwezentlalo kunye kutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo zonke ukuphikisana phakathi ngobunkokheli kunye nabemi. Moore ugxeke amandla ilifa, waza wacela ukuba akhethe bonke abalawuli kunye namagosa ngokwesiseko lovoto. Enyanisweni, phantse onke amazwe de kube sekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX amandla savela yaba ingundoqo, ngoko ke ingcamango wobusoshiyali nephupha ngaphambi kwexesha labo.