Intshukumo Social eRashiya: kwimbali ingenzeka

iintshukumo loluntu eyahlukileyo omkhulu ekuhlaleni kwabantu edityaniswa yinto efanayo, naliphi ixesha elide kakhulu. imbonakalo yabo edibene kuphuhliso absolutism kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane elinesixhenxe. I intshukumo lokuqala kwezentlalo baseRashiya yobume luqhankqalazo yaye yavela ngenxa yesidingo utshintsho kwezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko kunye nezenkcubeko ezenzeka eluntwini.

Njengoko umzekelo imibutho yezentlalo-ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe kunokubangela kwenzeka ngo-1648 e Moscow Salt Riot. Isizathu soku kubuyiselo irhafu okutyekisayo waba boyar Boris Morozov (1647), apho ecetywayo ukusungulwa komntu okwisithuba esongezelelweyo, eyilahleko ngenxa evulekileyo, erhwaphiliza - irhafu ityuwa. Isiphumo sale uyilo yaba ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa ityuwa ngokuthi sabemi besixeko kunye nokwanda elibukhali enxulumene nale ukunganeliseki.

Emva konyaka, lucinyiwe irhafu ityuwa, kodwa endaweni yoko laqalisa ezongezelelweyo irhafu ngqo. Eli xesha, ukungoneliseki kwabo wayebonisa nje ngabantu abaqhelekileyo kodwa amalungu yezikhulu. kuye i imeko iqinisiwe eMoscow emva abatoli zabemi Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich ngabavela, bagqiba kwelokuba bamnike isicelo sabo. Ngehlobo lowe-1648 uqale kwamaJuda mass izindlu izinduna ', abona baphembeleli lombutho loluntu ifuna ukunika ekusikweni Morozov kunye nabanye ababandakanyekayo Ushintsho irhafu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izinduna. Isiphumo yemvukelo kwaba ukubunjwa baloo dolophu Union, izidwangube, yaye abatoli, awayefuna kokubizwa i Zemsky Sobor elilandelayo. Emva kwexesha elithile, bexelisa eMoscow, imvukelo ezifanayo abaqalise ezinye kubahlali iindawo akumzantsi kumantla elo lizwe.

Ukususela kulo mzekelo siyakwazi ukubona ukuba lo intshukumo yokuqala zentlalo eRashiya Wavuka ngokuzenzekelayo ukuphendula izenzo kubemi kufutshane ebantwini ngamandla. intshukumo Loo wathabatha uhlobo ubunzima, waba yinkokheli yabo, kodwa ukuba baye kubabiza-ezicwangcisiweyo ngokupheleleyo yegama akunakwenzeka. Okubaluleke kakhulu ke baba ukuziphatha ngokuhlangeneyo luphawulwa kakuhle izicwangciso amanyathelo spontaneity, ukunqongophala mbutho yinkokeli eyomeleleyo, izenzo sayacutha ekwenzeni lo mbutho.

Le abenzi bemilingo semibutho zentlalo eRashiya iwela kwinkulungwane 19-20. Yaba ngeli thuba kwezimvo zokuqala revolution zivela ezingqondweni yamatsha ntliziyo ezininzi kunye namanani oluntu. I abalweli yokuqala, njengoko umthetho, bekukho abafundi zeeyunivesithi eMoscow St Petersburg. Kule minyaka ilishumi yesibini kwenkulungwane ye-19 eSt Petersburg, kukho umbutho wokuqala imfihlelo kwamagosa ( "gang Sacred"), umbutho wokuthand ( "Union of Usindiso"). Ezi ntshukumo zentlalo lwahlukile engaphambili bubukho iinkokeli injongo ethile (ukupheliswa serfdom, ukubhukuqwa urhulumente ngoku), emfihlekweni engqongqo, ixesha ikhona. Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-19, kwi-University Moscow na neekomityi slavophiles, abaseNtshona, utopians zentlalo, njl ikhula ukunganeliseki mass kunye ngengxaki abalimi Russian kweli phondo.

Ke kwinkulungwane yama-20, iintshukumo ezininzi umxhelo zentlalo thuba neyabangela uqhankqalazo nabasebenzi 'kwi mveliso ka eMoscow, le Donbas, ezo Urals, iqela lezopolitiko le SRs kunye Democrats Social, ubuhlobo lobuhle - ababhali kunye zizifundiswa.

iintshukumo Contemporary zentlalo eRussia iindidi omkhulu, inkoliso yabo yenzelwe, njengoko umthetho, oko ngeenjongo uxolo. Umsebenzi wabo ijolise ekukhuseleni iimfuno kwiindidi ezithile labemi, ekulweni ulwaphulo kwamalungelo abemi bayo kunye nobuzwe. Ubukho nemisebenzi ziyingozi imibutho yezentlalo abavumelekanga, njengoko umthetho, kwinqanaba mthetho.