Ushintsho kaPetros Omkhulu kunye nendima yawo kuphuhliso karhulumente

Xa ixesha elincinane ngokwentelekiso ixesha uPetros wakwazi ukuba urhulumente Russian ukusuka izithunzi - enkosi wokuguqula, iRashiya waba ngomnye amagunya okhokelayo kwibala ubomi behlabathi. Kwathi emva kokuba ukuqaliswa utshintsho ezichaphazela phantse bonke ubomi amaqela (yayiphazamisa Ushintsho zoqoqosho uPetros Omkhulu).

Utshintsho uPetros wayeyixhalabele yengxoxo engundoqo yolawulo. Ngenxa yoko, i-Boyar Duma kwapheliswa kwaye endaweni yi-Ofisi Ummelwane, nto leyo owathiywa igama abaPhathiswa Consilium ngo-1708.

Ingongoma olulandelayo ukwenza uluhlu kwi yotshintsho weNdlu yeeNgwevu (ngo-1711), nto leyo eyaba-arhente aphezulu karhulumente. Uye inxaxheba kwimicimbi yokuqingqa umthetho, yolawulo kunye eyenkundla.

Ushintsho kaPetros imi--1718-1720. nya imithetho ngumsina kangaka yaye bangena kwikholeji - ekuqaleni kwakukho 11: College of Foreign Affairs isigxina kwimicimbi angaphandle; Ebhodini zomkhosi ukuba ulawula konke imikhosi ilizwe elo lizwe; IBhodi iinqanawa, ukuba alahle nesinqanawa; Ibhodi Berg inxaxheba kushishino lwezimbiwa; Collegium Lezobulungisa wathabatha ulawulo lwe lwembambano nolwaphulomthetho inkundla, njl

Ngaba kwakhona ngaphandle ukubaluleka Ndiwise umthetho phezu yobuzibulo, esatyikitywa ngowe-1714, uPeter Omkhulu. Reform baba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu abanumzana emafeni abo ngoku namanene boyar ngokulinganayo, kunye nokuqaliswa kwenkqubo ye-mthetho olujoliswe ukutshatyalaliswa yemida phakathi elite yesizwe kunye yeengcungcu. Ngaphezu koko, ngoku akukho mahluko phakathi izinduna kunye nomhlaba amanene. Kungekudala emva koko, ngo-1722, uPetros wathabatha simo, nto leyo ekugqibeleni ukuyisusa imida phakathi ezintsha kunye ebukhosini endala equalized ngokupheleleyo kubo.

Ngowe-1708, ukomeleza izixhobo kwamandla nokwandisa impembelelo yawo yaqaliswa ngokutsha yeNgingqi: lizwe yahlulwe amaphondo asibhozo. sayo ubhalo yaba yotshintsho ka ezidolophini yolawulo: kukho imizi ngakumbi nangakumbi, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, eli liye lakhula (ekupheleni wolawulo uPetros Great kwiidolophu ezinkulu babehlala abantu 350 amawaka kwi-avareji). Kunye nokwakhiwa yabantu ezidolophini zazintsonkothile: isahlulo engundoqo amagcisa ezincinane, abantu pasad, abarhwebi noosomashishini.

Xa uPetros igqityiwe kuqala ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yotshintsho ibandla - Ushintsho uPetros Yokuqala wajika ibe ebalulekileyo karhulumente iziko owayamileyo abasemagunyeni aphezulu ngamandla yehlabathi. Emva kokufa uBhishophu Adrian uKumkani akasivumeli ukubamba unyulo lwendlu kasolusapho entsha, becaphula ngokungalindelekanga ukuqala nakuMntla War. itrone patriarsheskogo yaqonda waqeshwa Stefan Yavorsky. Emva kokuba Enkulu Northern War, uPetros kubhangise ngubhishophu kwaphela. Ukulawulwa yonke imicimbi ibandla yaye siphathiswe kunye nebhodi yokomoya, emva kokuba uqambe soburhulumente Sinodi oyiNgcwele, leyo similise ngokupheleleyo ibandla ibe enamandla inkxaso absolutism Russian.

Kodwa utshintsho olukhulu nenguqulo uPetros Omkhulu wazisa nabo ezininzi iingxaki, izinto eziphambili leyo ngokuqinisa of serfdom kunye nophuhliso uyilandela.