Isiseko saseTver. Xa mbali ziya kuza kwisivumelwano?

YaseTver base - le yenye yezona mathuba ixakayo zembali Russian. Uninzi mbali ekusebenziseni kwisinye ixesha zembali (ekupheleni ekuqaleni XII- kwenkulungwane XIII), kodwa umphandi ngamnye izimvo.

Umhla Ukusungulwa esemthethweni saseTver

isixeko ngasinye kuba lula yokubhiyozela omnye ufike laa mhla ekusekweni esemthethweni. Unyaka wokuzalwa isixeko yaseTver ngokomthetho 1135. Xa umsebenzi wokubhala of Vsevolod Mstislavovitch "wesandla" ukubalula kuqala malunga yaba emva yaseTver eli xesha. Ziziphi iingongoma imibuzo na? Okokuqala, akukho kukhankanywa ngqo kummandla yaseTver esixekweni, kuba sithetha irhafu yemali, okunyusileyo "yaseTver undwendwe." Kulo mzekelo, oko kwenziwa, mhlawumbi hayi malunga umzi ngengqiqo emitsha yelizwi, kwaye malunga yokuhlala, apho kamva similise kwisixeko saseTver.

Okwesibini, i "wesandla" akathanga kubhekisela kwinani imithombo Chronicle nenzululwazi yembali. Lo msebenzi ngakumbi ngathi iprozi esiqhelekileyo, abhalwe ngolwimi mandulo. Yinto eqhelekileyo ukuba yokuwa yemihla data okubhaliweyo, kwaye eyibhalela okufakwe. Xa konke ukwalatha, "wesandla" Live asisiso iklasi yemicimbi yemihla, ngoko endinokubathemba ngokupheleleyo lo mthombo ayikho imfuneko.

Ngaba yaseTver zidluliselwe ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye?

Xa yokuqala kwenkulungwane XX kwakukho enye inguqulo echaza isiseko saseTver. Isibakala sokuba mbali wavuma: mhlawumbi langoku dislocation indawo isixeko - akuyona eyokuqala neyesibini. Ncam inguqulelo yokuqala, kodwa likhona. Njengoko izazinzulu bechaza iimbono zabo? Malunga nama kwindawo enye imilambo ezimbini - Tvertsa kunye Tmaka. Ezi ngabembi zokuqala ezaye zenziwa ngaloo minyaka, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba lokuqala (yaseTver) elisebenzela e ekudibaneni Tvertsa enkulu umlambo Russian iVolga. Kuthiwa kwisiqingatha sesibini yaseTver kwinkulungwane XIII kwenye indawo kwi Cape, leyo kwamiswa ekudibaneni iVolga umlambo Tmaka. Version, Kakade ke, umdla, kodwa abazidlayo nenyani, ngoko kuloo meko kuyimfuneko ukuthetha malunga yokuduka isixeko ukuvela elinye igama elifanayo. Ngo-1930 zaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuqhutywa ngabembi, nto leyo yakhokelela ekulahlekelweni kweli guqulelo sele emkile ngokupheleleyo yangoonomgogwana bezizwe.

1181 - unyaka base yaseTver

Siye sagxininisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba iincwadi zembali kunye nemithombo, kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi malunga ukubonakala sixeko saseTver. Makhe sijonge enye kuzo. Umbhali-mbali Russian ezaziwayo-kakuhle V. N. Tatischev e 'History' wakhe wamcebisa ukuba isiseko saseTver kwenzeka ngo-1181. Wafumana ke umlando imithombo yolwazi ukuba lo nyaka umkhosi Prince Vsevolod III oyisa kwidolophu Torzhok. Wabuya wemka ngenxa umgama ukusuka kuloo mzi, inkosana wayalela amadoda akhe ukuba ukwakha eqinileyo. Iguqulwe kwi indlela Russian "inqaba" yamandulo. Ngokusekelwe amagama kwamaqabane eqinileyo kunye yaseTver, isiseko isixeko 1181 kufuneka sivume ukuba uyinene. Ngokutsho kwezinye mbali, abo benza izifundo ezithile wokugqibela kwingingqi yaseTver, akazange aqale ukwakhiwa eyiyo ngo-1181, yaye ngowe-1182. Ngendlela, ukuba sithethe malunga kwamaqabane lamagama, asingabo bonke abaphandi bayavuma ukuba igama elithi "yaseTver" lisuka kwigama "solid".

La maxwebhu yokuqala ezikhankanya yaseTver

Ngokusekelwe kwi kwisiseko ubungqina, ukuchana ongayi kuba yathandabuza, yaseTver isiseko kufuneka ujonge ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIII. Ngokomzekelo, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo uxwebhu ukususela 1208 - isivumelwano phakathi umthetheli Vladislav III yaye abahlali besixeko Novgorod. Prince wayewaxinile kakhulu bakule ndawo. namadoda akhe baphangwe abantu Novgorod, uchinyali yonke imiqobo, ukuqokelela irhafu enkulu.

Abahlali Novgorod wabongoza ukuba babakhusele ezaziwayo-kakuhle Prince Mstislav isusiwe. Irhuluneli wesixeko Svyatoslav, unyana ka-Vsevolod, wabekwa phantsi ebanjiwe, yaye amajoni Novgorod bathumela kukhusela imbeko lomzi wabo. Kwakhona Waphuma waya kukhawulela umkhosi Vsevolod, kodwa kungabi idabi ngokwayo kuba zombini nkampu kwakukho abantu afanelekileyo. isivumelwano soxolo sasayinwa kule imikhosi kwintlanganiso kufuphi yaseTver. Hi ndlela leyi, hayi nje kuphela kweli mthombo kokuba kuthathwe ukuba umhla babangenagama yaseTver - buthi ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIII. In yaseTver yesicelo ngexesha uphando oluqhutywe ngo-1983 yaye ngowe-1985, kuye kwafunyanwa imibhalo-ngqangi birchbark, ebhaliweyo malunga kwiminyaka 1200-1220.