Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum Imperial: abafundi yokuqala, abafundi edumileyo, imbali

Uninzi iziko edume Russian Imperial Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum waqalisa kwangoko emva kokusekwa kwayo. Umqalisi ingenzeka saso koMlawuli Alexander I, ubuhlakani brilliant and umlawuli abanetalente ekufundiseni kwakhe, iitalente zabo bazisa kwizizukulwana ukukhanya ezininzi abacinga Russian, iimbongi kunye namagcisa, emkhosini. Lyceum abathweswe lo elite Russian ayikho kakhulu unemvelaphi njengoko ukuphumeza imigaqo yenkonzo engenamona ukuya Lezwe kuyo nayiphi inkalo.

isisekelo

Imperial Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum yavulwa ebudeni bolawulo Alexander I, ngakumbi, lo ummiselo ngokusekelwe esayiniweyo imvume yayo ephezulu ngo-Agasti 1810. Isiseko yamaziko emfundo ephakamileyo kwafuneka "iminyaka" ekhululekile ebukumkanini werhuluneli. Lyceum wayeza kuba umzekelo yokuqala iziko indlela yaseYurophu kwimfundo, owabanyusayo ezweni Russian.

Tsarskoye Selo Imperial Lyceum, abavela kwezinye izikolo eziphakamileyo, azakubalulwa kukungabikho isohlwayo emzimbeni, ubudlelwane nobuhlobo phakathi kootitshala nabafundi, abazizityebi kwikharityhulam esilungiselelwe ukuyilwa izimvo, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Kwacetywa eziza kufundiswa kule Lyceum iindwalutho grand, abaninawa yokumkani olawulayo, Nicholas Michael, kodwa bagqiba ukunika imfundo eqhubekela ekhaya yemveli.

iimeko zokuphila

Kuba Lyceum ezazinikwe entsha ukwakha ezine - iphiko kwibhotwe Tsarskoye Selo. Kumasango kumgangatho wokuqala yona ukuba iyunithi unyango kunye nebhodi. Kumgangatho wesibini ke kweeklasi Kakade junior, owesithathu yanikwa abafundi abaphezulu, kwaye phezulu, kumgangatho wesine, ahlala okulala. Xa zokulala zabucala ka baba uNothozamile, phantse nempahla spartan, ifenitshala kwakuba ebhedini wenza-yentsimbi alekwe ngelaphu, i idesika ofisi zengqesho, sidiliya kunye edesikeni sokuhlambela.

Library wathabatha gallery kabini-ubude, leyo ofumaneka ngaphezu kwe-Arch. yewayini Grand yayimi phezu kumgangatho wesithathu. Service, ibandla kunye Iapatmenti mlawuli ibekwe kwisakhiwo eyahlukileyo ecaleni ebhotwe.

Umbono yokufunda

Concept nekharityhulam iphuhlise igosa anempembelelo, umcebisi we Alexander I kwisiqingatha sokuqala wobukumkani bakhe MM Speransky. Lo msebenzi eliyinhloko imfundo abasebenzi bakarhulumente kunye nabezomkhosi kwe lokusekwa omtsha koonyana yezikhulu. Lo mbono waba Speransky Europeanize Russia, yaye oku kufuna amagosa enye ingcamango, inkululeko ngaphakathi yaye kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo lemfundo yoluntu.

Ukukhethwa kwabafundi high school kube kubi kakhulu, bamkela amakhwenkwe abavela kwiintsapho amanene phakathi kweminyaka eli-10 neli-12 abaye kudlula ngempumelelo iimviwo ekungeneni, engqina kwinqanaba olwaneleyo ulwazi ngeelwimi ezintathu (Russian, isiJamani, isiFrentshi), imbali, ukuma, imathematika physics. ikhosi epheleleyo uqeqesho ngonyaka-emithandathu yahlulwe izigaba ezibini, ngamnye wanikwa iminyaka emithathu.

Abaswele kunye nabezomkhosi

Eyona kwicala lemfundo - nezoluntu, leyo ukuba kuziswe ubuchule yomfundi ekufundeni self-ngqo, ukucinga, ukucinga ngombandela nokuqiqisisa ngayo ngokubanzi ukuphuhlisa iitalente ezendeleyo umntwana. Le mfundiso lwaqhutywa kwi zifundo ezisisiseko ezifana iminyaka emithandathu:

• Ekufundeni iilwimi zomthonyama kunye amazwe (Russian, Latin, isiFrentshi, isiJamani).
• Yokuziphatha Science (logic ezisisiseko, umthetho kaThixo, intanda).
• Sciences ngqo (arithmetic, algebra, kwitrigonometri, geometry, physics).
• Abantu (History of Russian kunye amazwe, maxesha, geography).
• Basics of Fine Ukubhala (mpendulo kunye nemithetho yayo, ngemisebenzi yababhali ezinkulu).
• Art (visual, umdaniso).
• imfundo Physical (imithambo, ukuqubha, ukubiya, bekhwele emahasheni).

Kwi ikhosi yokuqala abafundi ukufunda izisekelo, kwaye eyesibini ngokusekelwe lenguqu ukuya ku-nzulu nophuhliso kuzo zonke izifundo. Ukongeza, lonke uqeqesho sele inikwe ingqalelo kakhulu nakubugcisa yamakhaya, ezemidlalo. Abo abakhetha emkhosini, ukongeza ukufunda ikloko ngembali yeemfazwe, iinqaba, kunye nezinye izifundo ezingundoqo.

Yonke inkqubo yoqeqesho kunye emfundo yenzeka phantsi kweliso elibukhali kuMlawuli. Abasebenzi yokufundisa yayiquka oonjingalwazi ezisixhenxe, umbingeleli esifundisa umthetho kaThixo, ootitshala ezintandathu arts nakwimithambo, ezimbini njengesongezelelo ekufundiseni ukuze uqeqesho elandelwa kulalwa ezintathu irhuluneli.

Iseti lokuqala labafundi lwaqhutywa phantsi kweliso soMhlekazi, abantu 38 ezifake amaxwebhu wegqitha kukhuphiswano kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, abafundi-30 kuphela basiwa Tsarskoye Selo, uluhlu wamkelwa ngesandla lokumkani. Alexander I walungiselela iivoti iziko, uze ubale Razumovsky AK wamiselwa intloko Lyceum ku-Chief abakuluhlu. Kwi sithuba wehla bekumele ukuba sibekho kuzo zonke iimviwo, nto leyo awayenza ngovuyo, esazi ebusweni, kunye namagama abo bonke abafundi.

izimiso

Imisebenzi umlawuli Lyceum baba ebanzi, le ofisi wayephathiswe V. F. Malinovskomu, Wabufunda kwiYunivesithi eMoscow. Ngokutsho kumlawuli arhente charter kwakufuneka imini nobusuku kuhlala kummandla Lyceum, yaye sinikela ingqalelo abafundi, yaye inkqubo yonke rhoqo, yena ngokwakhe uxanduva abafundi, ngenxa umgangatho wokufundisa nobomi Lyceum jikelele.

Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum Imperial yafakwa kunye nootitshala kakuhle njani ixesha lakhe, bonke aba emfundo ephakamileyo, isidanga lwezenzululwazi, wayemthanda umsebenzi wakhe kwaye isizukulwana esitsha. Ootitshala bakhululekile ukuba bakhethe iindlela lichaze ulwazi, ngokuthembeka wasithobela siseko omnye - kufuneka ibe kungabikho yokuzonwabisa bengasebenzi phakathi kwabafundi bezikolo zamabanga aphakamileyo.

ishedyuli yemihla ngemihla

ngosuku lwesikolo rhoqo sele zakhiwa kucwangciso engqongqo:

• Intsasa waqala ngentsimbi yesithandathu, ixesha elabelwe iinkqubo yococeko, imirhumo, umthandazo.
• Izifundo zokuqala eklasini waqala ezisixhenxe ukuya yethoba kusasa.
• Kuba ilixa elandelayo (9: 00-10: 00) Abafundi ukunikela uhambahambe kunye okulula (iti kunye muffin, sakusasa ayikho kucingelwa).
• Isifundo sesibini iqala ngo 10:00, kwaqhubeka de 12:00, uze emva koko ukuba ishedyuli ilixa uhambe ngaphandle.
• Lunch Wayetyela 13:00.
• Emva kwemini, ukususela 14:00 ukuya 15:00, abafundi abathatha inxaxheba arts.
• Ukususela 15:00 ukuya 17:00 kulandelwa izifundo kwiiklasi eklasini.
• Xa 17:00 abantwana wanikela iti, emva koko 18:00 kulandelwe uhambe.
• Iiyure ezintandathu, kude kube kwisiqingatha ngokuhlwa yesithoba abafundi Sizibandakanye phindwa izinto obandakanyeka kwiiklasi abancedisayo.
• At 20:30 Dinner bakhonza, emva koko kulandele ixesha simahla ukuphumla.
• At 22:00 ke ixesha lokuthandaza kunye nokulala. Njalo ngoMgqibelo, abafundi batyelela webhate.

Lyceum e Tsarskoye Selo yahlukile kwezinye amaziko emfundo liSebe kukuba utitshala kwakufuneka ukuba kufikelelwe ulwazi kunye nokuqonda zezifundo zabo bonke abafundi. Nangona umbandela ukuba kufundwe ngabo bonke abafundi eklasini, utitshala ukuqala isihloko esitsha. Ukuze ukuphumeza ukusebenza ngendlela, kuba abafundi kade ukwazisa iiklasi ezongezelelweyo, ukuphonononga iindlela zokufundisa entsha. Xa izikolo eziphakamileyo inkqubo yaso esweni umgangatho wolwazi ezifunyenweyo kunye nezifundo, umfundi lyceum ngamnye wabhala, iingxelo, waphendula imibuzo ngomlomo.

Ootitshala kulungile ukuba ushiye umfundi yedwa kwisifundo sakhe, Pushkin akazange ukwenza ulwazi olunzulu wenzululwazi zezibalo, unjingalwazi Kartsov wathi: "Wena, Pushkin, eklasini yam yonke iphela ngeqanda. Hlala phantsi endaweni uze ubhale imibongo. "

impilo Lyceum

Lyceum e Tsarskoye Selo ubusaziwa nenye inkalo - ukuvalwa ngokupheleleyo, abafundi lyceum musa ukushiya iindonga iziko ngonyaka wesikolo. Kwabakho luhlobo impahla, ngokufanayo bonke. Kwakugcwele idyasi emnyama emsi, kuma-up ikhola kunye cuffs le enemikhono, leyo ingamahashe, abomvu, yena amaqhosha buttoned gilt. Ukwahlula izifundo aphezulu abasezantsi ziye zaziswa tabs, kuba unyaka esiphezulu izihlangu zegolide, isilivere komnci.

Kwisikolo aphakamileyo, apho wayefunda Pushkin, ingqalelo enkulu yahlawulwa imfundo. Abafundi ehloniphekile nje kuphela abantu eklasini yakhe, kodwa isicaka, a serf. Isidima somntu komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni imvelaphi, oku kubangele umfundi ngamnye. Ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo, abantwana phantse akukho ukunxibelelana nezalamane zabo - bonke aba iindlalifa nqaba kunye nezindlu amaninzi ukubona kakhulu sengqondo eyahlukileyo kubantu abaxhomekeke, phakathi bamona ngabafo kuba ngamakhoboka kwaba eqhelekileyo.

Ubuzalwane nembeko

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba abafundi lyceum yokuxakeka exakekile yokufunda kunye noqeqesho, phakathi yakhe, yonke iyaziwa imali eyaneleyo wenkululeko. Abafundi abahlala iseti ethile imithetho, imimiselo Iziko exhonyiweyo nyoba ephakathi kumgangatho wesine. Elinye lamanqaku avakalisa ukuba uluntu kubafundi intsapho, yaye ngoko kwindawo yazo akukho indawo likratshi, ukuzigwagwisa nokudelelwa. Abantwana beza esikolweni eziphakamileyo ukususela besebancinane, yaye uba ikhaya labo, ootitshala nabo kunye nentsapho kuthi. Imeko kwi Imperial Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum wayenobubele, babesondelelene gqitha.

Kuba abafundi high school liphuhlise inkqubo nemivuzo kunye izohlwayo, ephelisa ugonyamelo emzimbeni. benkathazo okufana bavalelwa yedwa iintsuku ezintathu, apho umlawuli yena weza kuqhuba incoko, kodwa ke licebo lokugqibela. Kwezinye izihlandlo ukuba zikhethwe ubuchule ngakumbi ukusindisa - ukuhluthwa isidlo iintsuku ezimbini, apho abafundi ngexesha bafumana isonka kuphela kunye namanzi.

Lyceum ubuzalwana ngezinye indlela yokuziphatha okusisiphumo se-nxaxheba bayo, abo Abatyekayo ngokubekeka nangesidima inyathelwe. Abafundi bakwazi ukusebenzisana umhlobo, zimshiya bohlukaniswe ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle ukukwazi ukunxibelelana. imithetho ongabhalwanga ayahlonitshwa akukho ezingcwele ngaphantsi ngaphezu yitshata Lyceum.

Umba wokuqala

Beza abafundi zokuqala Imperial Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum ngaphandle kweendonga iziko ngo-1817. Phantse zonke wazuza izihlalo izixhobo karhulumente, njengoko iziphumo zeemviwo, abaninzi weza kukhonza erenkini enyangweni, uninzi lwabafundi besikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ukuze ukhethe emkhosini, elilinganayo yobume Corps of Pages. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho abantu ababa ikratshi kwimbali nenkcubeko Russian. uzuko Great Lyceum wazisa imbongi Pushkin AS, akukho bani phambi kwakhe ufudumale enjalo nangokungcangcazela ezingezozakhe esikolweni sakhe kunye nootitshala. Wanikezela imisebenzi emininzi kwexesha Tsarskoye Selo.

Phantse bonke sazifunda onesethi yokuqala baba ikratshi lizwe, balizukisa Imperial Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. alumni Famous ezifana: Kyuhelbeher VK (imbongi, itshantliziyo kwezentlalo, Decembrist), Gorchakov AM (a ngonozakuzaku owahlukileyo, umlungiseleli angaphandle ebudeni bolawulo Alexander II) Delvig AA (imbongi, umpapashi), Matyushkin F . F. (nomhloli polar, Admiral of the lwezithuthi), kunye nabanye, ziye zanegalelo imbali, inkcubeko kunye nobugcisa nophuhliso.

Pushkin Lyceum umfundi

Zazi impembelelo Pushkin kwiincwadi Russian akunakwenzeka, misebenzi yakhe uyaziwa kwaye wakhulela kobuso iindonga. Ngokutsho afunda nabo, le mbongi lweziqhulo emithathu - engumFrentshi (a umnqwazi ulwazi olugqwesileyo lolwimi), Cricket (imbongi ihamba kunye nomntwana othanda) kunye umxube Monkey neTiger (kunye lokuphathana wobulali notyekelo ingxabano). Kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, apho wayefunda Pushkin, iimviwo okwenziwa rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, ngenxa italente yabo sibonwe kwaye waqonda kwangoko iminyaka kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala imbongi epapashwe kule magazini "Herald of Europe", njengoko abafundi Lyceum, ngo-1814.

Le meko kwi-Imperial Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum kwaba kukhulu ukuba zange va umfundi wakhe ebiza abakwazanga. Ekuchongweni kunye nophuhliso kwetalente zigxile yonke kwinkqubo yezemfundo, negalelo kule nkululeko. Xa yakhe, ngo 1830, AS Pushkin wathi: "... ndaqalisa ukubhala ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-13, uze uprinte kunye phantse ngexesha elinye."

Zibonda ukuguquka Lyceum

Ndaqalisa ukuba Ndithelekelele.

iseli yomfundi wam,

Kude kwaba yayintsha fun,

Ngequbuliso yalikhanyisa - Muse kulo

Avulwe isidlo yayo obungqabangqaba;

Uxolo, inzululwazi epholileyo!

Uxolo, le minyaka yokuqala umdlalo!

I ziye zatshintsha, mna imbongi ...

Ukubonakala zoluntu eyaziwayo Pushkin yaba uviwo ngethuba lenguqu ukusuka izinga lokuqala kwikhosi aphezulu yokugqibela yoqeqesho. Xa iimviwo baseburhulumenteni abantu abakhoyo amanqugwala, kuquka nembongi Derzhavin. Funda ezilishumi umfundi umbongo "Iinkumbulo Tsarskoye Selo" eveliswa okwangoku inikeza bayilibale. Pushkin waqala ngoko nangoko enye elizayo enkulu. Imisebenzi yakhe kakhulu izikhanyiso imibongo Russian koogxa bakhe - Zhukovsky, uyise, Karamzin, kunye nabanye.

Alexander Lyceum

Emva Ukuvuma itrone Nicholas mna, i Lyceum wafuduselwa eSt Petersburg. Tsarskoye Selo waba bafundi indawo izikolo eziphakamileyo ukususela 1811 ukuya 1843. Iziko bafudukela on Kamennoostrovsky Avenue, apho abafundi zabelwa igumbi kobokuqala leenkedama Alexandrinsky. Ukongeza, iziko labizwa ngokuba Imperial Alexander Lyceum, ukuze kuzukiswe uMdali wayo.

Isiko nomoya lobuzalwana kuhlala kwisakhiwo esitsha, enoba wazama ukuba alwe nalo mba uNicholas I. History of the Imperial Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum waqhubeka kwindawo entsha, kwaqhubeka de-1918. Bonga waphawula ngokugcina imithetho luluhlu lo Mqulu, kwakunye ingubo iingalo Isaci - "Kuba sakhane". Ukuhlawula imbeko abafundi abayigqibileyo edumileyo, ngo-1879, ngo-Oktobha 19 ezindongeni i-Alexander Lyceum yi imyuziyam yokuqala lavulwa, AS Pushkin.

Kodwa zokuvumela kwindawo entsha, ezinye iinguqulelo ziye zaziswa. Phantsi kwikharityhulam entsha, abafundi baqala ukwamkela akhuphe impatho zonyaka kwapheliswa ngokupheleleyo, zandiswa uluhlu ezoluntu. Ixesha lokuphendula kunye kukutshintsha bume babe amasebe amatsha - ezolimo, izakhiwo yoluntu.

Emva konyaka-17

Ngowe-1917 waba ukukhululwa yokugqibela yabafundi. De-1918, umsebenzi waqhubeka ngamathuba elide, wavala Alexander Lyceum ngoMeyi kunyaka omnye. Ilayibrari odumileyo wathunyelwa ngokungaphelelanga ku Sverdlovsk, isasazwe kakhulu phakathi amathala eencwadi, ilahlekile okanye wafumana indawo yokusabela ezandleni zabucala. It ikwazile ukugcina malunga namawaka amabini imiqulu yeencwadi kwintlanganiso jikelele, kwaye fumana kubo ekuqokelelweni kaRhulumente Museum of Literature ngo-1938. Collection ukhululeka kwithala Sverdlovsk ngo-1970, yadluliselwa Pushkin Museum Foundation.

isakhiwo Alexander Lyceum eyasetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ngowe-1917, oko wagcinwa kwekomkhulu Red Army kunye neminye imibutho. Phambi kokuba IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic kwaye emva kwayo kumasango esikolo, yaye ngoko ke isakhiwo yanikwa nokulahlwa SGPTU. Ngoku isakhiwo College of Management ne-Economics.

Isiphelo embi abafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo abaninzi kunye nootitshala i-Alexander Lyceum. Ngowe-1925 kwathiwa eqamba kwimeko apho, phakathi kwabanye. otyholwa yokudala umbutho counter-olululo ngumlawuli lokugqibela Lyceum Schilder VA no Prime Minister Golitsyn ND zonke ummangalelwa itulo ukubuyisela ukumkani, yaye kwakukho abantu 26, kunye shot. Ngoko ke ibali buhlungu wayigqiba Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Pushkin wayeyimvumi wawo yakhe, abanye abafundi lyceum yembali nokuzingca.

pedagogy Modern uya kuqhelekile ukucinga ukuba izimvo eziqulethwe Speransky, ndlela ilungileyo kwimfundo isizukulwana esitsha, nto leyo luncedo ukusebenzisa namhlanje.