1 guqula Peter

Ushintsho of Peter 1 kuqala ukuba akukho nkqubo ecacileyo. Ukuvela yeziko omtsha okanye utshintsho kurhulumente kwinqanaba sendawo kubangelwe iimfazwe ezenzeka ngexesha kwaye babefuna kungekuphela nje ngokugaya labemi, kodwa kwakhona inkxaso ngemali. Amandla nje ocande ezandleni uPetros, ayikwazanga ukumelana nalo msebenzi. Ngoko ke, irhuluneli kwanyanzeleka ukuba bafune imali eyongezelelweyo ukwandisa kunye litsha-mkhosi, ulwakhiwo iinqaba, ulwakhiwo aselwandle kunye St Petersburg.

Ukususela ekuqaleni kobukumkani uKumkani wabonwa utyekelo ukunciphisa indima Boyar Duma, nto leyo eye yaba lwayo kwi umba kulawulo. KoLawulo iinguqulelo of Peter 1 yaqala ngo-1699 ngexesha lokusekwa le-Ofisi okanye Ummelwane Council (Consilium) ngabalungiseleli. Le manyano iqulathe ezisibhozo trustees, leyo ukulawula imiyalelo ngamnye. Ngaloo wadalwa kwase ye Ebu- yeeNgwevu, leyo wasekwa ngo 1711 nge-22 Februwari. Malunga Boyar Duma data zakutshanje yiya ku 1704. Consilia wenziwe umsebenzi wayo ngokungqinelana imo ethile. Ukongeza, umlungiseleli nganye amagunya ezizodwa, iintlanganiso bezibanjiwe kunye nemithetho kunye ingxelo.

1 Petros iinguqu kulawulo ziye predisposing izinto ekudaleni yeeNgwevu. Eli ziko sele indawo i Boyar Koti kunye Consiglio okwexeshana. INdlu Yeengwevu wadalwa ukuze ulawulo lukarhulumente kungekho kakumkani. Kuhlanganisa abongameli ezilithoba iiplanga, iNdlu Yeengwevu wajika ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba iqumrhu likarhulumente esisigxina. Le nyaniso iye fixed ngokufanelekileyo Ndiwise 1722. INdlu Yeengwevu inika ulawulo phezu okusesikweni, waba owayephethe iindleko kunye neentlawulo karhulumente, urhwebo. Ukongeza, i-arhente karhulumente wayebukele ziyalungiswa ukukhonza emkhosini abanumzana, wenza imisebenzi Abameli kunye umyalelo nokukhutshwa.

Izigqibo kwenziwa iNdlu Yeengwevu kwintlanganiso jikelele, lonxibelelwano, balinqabisa iisiginitsha bonke abongameli iibhodi ezilithoba. Ukudala negunya iphezulu karhulumente, uPetros wathabatha inxalenye yemisebenzi wayibeka phezu amalungu ayo ngokobuqu uxanduva.

Ushintsho of Peter 1 kwinqanaba likarhulumente kukhokelele ekuyilweni zombini yeeNgwevu isikhundla mali. Eneneni olu luxanduva sneaks kwi amaphondo neentloko hlola weNdlu yeeNgwevu yayiquka ulawulo siyavumelana lwemisebenzi abasemagunyeni ': ukubhaqa Kukwaphula nemimiselo kunye namatyala gadalala, weza iNdlu yeeNgwevu, okanye ngqo kukumkani.

Obambeleyo urhulumente, iNdlu Yeengwevu ithuba lokwenza izigqibo, kodwa ukuguqulela zibe senzo ofisi kuyimfuneko olawulo. Kweli xesha ukusuka kwiminyaka 1717 ukuya 1721,-1 Petros wachukumisa yotshintsho lwemizimba olawulo. Ngenxa yoko, baba lishumi elinababini iibhodi inkqubo mandative ngaxeshanye (umzekelo Swedish) kwasekwa - ukukhula kwala maqalela solungiselelo kwenziwa kwixesha elizayo. Umhlaba oza kufikelelwa kunye nemisebenzi Ibhodi nganye abe mahluko olungqongqo nshita imiyalelo ekhoyo. Ngoko ke, lo collegium wamajoni iBhodi Admiralty zasekwa, iBhodi leMicimbi yangaPhandle, kunye nezinye.

iinguqu Social of Peter 1 ukuya lwemithetho eliqela ukuhlanganisa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokuphila mbuso omkhulu. Njengoko yaziwa, iRashiya ebesoloko idume iingcibi. Noko ke, amava angaphandle buphuhliswe ngonaphakade. Kwanele waziwa practice ukwenzela ukulungiselela abasebenzi uPetros bakaThixo aphesheya. Ukwabelana ngolwazi kunye namava samenywa kweli lizwe kunye neengcali angaphandle.

Ezixhaswayo uPetros kunye nabathengi.

zaMashishini kaRhulumente lwagqithiselwa oosomashishini onyaniseke, esisityebi nabanako. Babenethuba ukuthatha kakuhle kakhulu-mboleko ngokoMthetho, umhlaba, ehlathini ne kwizimbiwa, abasebenzi nemali.