"Titanic" Batshona? Ukuwa "Titanic": Imbali

It singaphezulu kweminyaka eli-100 ukususela ntlekele eyoyikekayo omnye iinqanawa ezininzi ngexesha layo. Kodwa kude kube ngoku, esi ihlabathi alisazi zonke iimfihlelo usithe esikhulu kwaye ebonakala banomoya "Titanic." Njengoko yahlaselwa enqanaweni, uthi umbandela.

Edreyi ukulwa

Zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini yaba ngenkulungwane ye inkqubela zobugcisa. Amafu, iimoto, iimovie - zonke iyaphuhliswa ngesantya angaqhelekanga. Inkqubo iphathwayo, neenqanawa.

Kwimarike kwi 1900 yokuqala, kwakukho eninzi ukhuphiswano kubathengi phakathi kweenkampani ezimbini ezinkulu. "Cunard" yaye "White Star Line" - ezimbini carrier nobutshaba Intambo, iminyaka eliqela nendandikhuphisana inkokheli elungileyo entsimini yayo. Era New kuye kwavula amathuba umdla kwiinkampani, ngoko kule minyaka, iinqanawa zabo esiba makhulu, ngokukhawuleza kwaye enabileyo ngakumbi.

Kutheni yaye wayetshona "Titanic" Kusekho imfihlelo ngayo. Kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi. Indodo kubo - umkhonyovu. It kubanjwe ngaphezu inkampani "Star Line".

Kodwa wavula ihlabathi moya emangalisayo "Cunard". Phezu komyalelo emibini umkhumbi ngokungaqhelekanga "Mauritania" yaye "Lusitania" yakhiwe. Abaphulaphuli wachukunyiswa ubungangamsha babo. Ubude malunga 240 m, nobubanzi 25 m, ubude ukusuka kwamanzi ukuya kumgangatho phenyane-18 m. (Kodwa ezi parameters kwadlulwa iminyaka embalwa, ubungakanani "Titanic"). namachibi ababini abangamawele yasekwa ngo-1906 no-1907 ngokulandelelanayo. Ukuba iphumelele indawo yokuqala ukhuphiswano zindala wabaqoba zonke iirekhodi isantya.

Okhuphisana "Cunard" yaba ngodumo ukunika impendulo eyaneleyo.

Bayahlelwa trio

"White Star Line" yasekwa ngo-1845. Ngexesha beyofuna igolide endayizuza ukuba iimpukane ukususela eBritani eOstreliya. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, inkampani akhuphisana "Cunard". Ngoko ke, emva kokuba amanzi kwehliswa, "Lusitania" yaye "Mauritania", umsebenzi ukudala iiprojekthi fantastic ngaphezu okhuphisana ngumqondo wayezimisele iinjineli "Star Line". Isigqibo sokugqibela senziwa ngo-1909. Ngoko ke ingcamango iklasi ezintathu-iinqanawa "Olimpiki". Imiyalelo yenziwa inkampani "Harland Ukuphela Wolfe."

Le Umbutho Maritime idume ehlabathini umgangatho iimpahla zaveliswa, intuthuzelo tofo. lo kuqala ukuba akukho isantya. Amaxesha aliqela "Star Line" wayengqina kungekhona ngamazwi kodwa nangezenzo, ukuba ubakhathalele ngumthengi. Ngoko ke, ngo-1909, le ngozi iinqanawa ezimbini, inqanawa yabo wema iintsuku ezimbini ngakumbi phezu kwamanzi ngaphezu kwaba ubulunga bayo. Noko ke, ezintathu "Olimpiki" ubunzima a yelishwa. Isitya lokuqala ngokuphindaphindiweyo wawa ingozi yemoto. Ngoko ke, ngo-1911, oko ndandijongene Cruiser "Hawke", ukusuka apho wafumana umngxuma oli-14 yaye bahamba ukuze ilungiswe. Ubunzima ezibuhlungu "Titanic." Emazantsi olwandle, yena ngo-1912. "Britannic" Simfumene leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, apho wadlala indima esibhedlele, yaye ngowe-1916, yasha yi emgodini waseJamani.

Sea mangaliso

Ngoku sinako ngokukhuselekileyo bathi amabhongo ezinkulu ziye isizathu sokuba kwakukho konakele of "Titanic."

Ukwakhiwa wesibini iklasi ezintathu-iinkundla "Olimpiki" ayikho ngaphandle iingxwelerha. iqela leprojekthi 1,500. Iimeko ezinzima. Ukukhathalela ukhuseleko akwanelanga. Ngenxa yokuba kwafuneka sisebenze ubude, oluninzi abakhi ekhathazekile. Malunga 250 abantu ngathi wenzakele kakhulu. Amanxeba abantu abasibhozo zazingqubana ebomini.

Imilinganiselo "Titanic" hit. ubude balo 269 m, ububanzi-28 m, ukuphakama-18 m. Oku uyakwazi ukufikelela ngesantya amaqhina 23.

Ngosuku xa inqanawa eya phantsi kwamanzi, phezu chibi bahlanganisana 10 000 ababukeli, phakathi aba VIP-iindwendwe kunye ucofe ukubona empahleni enkulu ngokungaqhelekanga,

Emva koko kuqhubeka ngomhla intsebenziso zangaphakathi ze enqanaweni.

Ku ngaphambili umhla we-moya wokuqala isaziso. Ukuqubha sele zicwangciselwe ngoMatshi 20, 1912. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba kwenzeke ingozi benqanawa yokuqala ngoSeptemba 1911 of the Cruiser "Hawke" yinxalenye labasebenzi yadluliselwa i "Olimpiki". indiza oluzenzekelayo lahlehliselwa April 10. Ukususela ekuqaleni sibi ngayo ibali "Titanic."

itikiti sibi

ukuphakama kwakhe lifike kwindlu-elinanye, kwaye ubude kwiikota ezine umzi. Iifowuni, bekwilift, igridi yakhe zombane, igadi, isibhedlele, iivenkile - yonke obekwe kwi enqanaweni. amagumbi kahle, zokutyela ecikizekileyo lokutyela, ithala leencwadi, swimming pool kunye umthambo - yonke into eliphezulu-iklasi, abakhweli yokuqala-class ekhoyo. Ezinye abathengi babehlala athobeke. Amatikiti kakhulu ezibiza ixabiso, eziguqulelwe ngeranti namhlanje, ngaphezulu kwama-50 000 zeerandi. version kwezoqoqosho $ 100.

Imbali "Titanic" - na ibali zomaleko ezahlukeneyo ke uluntu. cabin Dear yelungu ngempumelelo, ubuntu ezaziwayo-kakuhle. Amatikiti ezithengwe kwi yesibini kwiklasi iinjineli, iintatheli, amalungu abefundisi. ube engambi abasuka kwamanye amazwe.

Ukutyala yaqala ngo 9:30 kusasa ngoAprili 10 eLondon. Emva zokumisa eziliqela nqanawa ezicwangciselwe saya eNew York. Xa iyonke, ibhodi wahlala phantsi abantu 2208.

kabuhlungu intlanganiso

Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba uphume elwandle iqela waqonda ukuba le nqanawa akukho zizibonakude. Isitshixo ibhokisi leyo bagcinwa, ebengekho. Inqanawa kufuneka abe phezu ndlela ikhuselekileyo. umnyulwa wakhe, ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka. Entlakohlaza amanzi yayizele kwazo, kodwa kwakubekwe zingonakalisa kakhulu le nqanawa. Noko ke, umthetheli wanika umyalelo ukuqhuba kuzo zonke "Titanic" ngababini. Njengoko Inqanawa yazika, apho, ngokutsho kubanini, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ukutshona, kamva bamxelela abakhweli, ngubani Sasinethamsanqa ukuba asinde.

Iintsuku ngomkhombe zokuqala cwaka. Kodwa abaqhubi April 14 kunomathotholo wafumana izilumkiso eziphindaphindiweyo malunga kwazo ukuba ngoyaba ubukhulu becala. Ukongeza, ubushushu Ubusuku kakhulu kwehlisa. Njengoko yaziwa, iqela wenza ngaphandle omabonakude, yaye inqanawa enkulu ayizange ifakwe kwizibane. Ngoko vperodsmotryaschy Ndaqaphela yomkhenkce mitha 650 kuphela kude. Le ndoda yanika umqondiso ukuya bhulorho, apho igosa yokuqala Murdoch wanika umyalelo: ". Vumela abhalwe" "Jikelezisa Ekhohlo" yaye Oku kwalandelwa umyalelo, "Kulungile." Kodwa inqanawa hulking kuye kwacotha kule zigcwalisa. Ibhodi nemoto yomkhenkce. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho konakele of "Titanic."

Not uve ukuhlaba umkhosi

Komdlalo kwenzeke 23:40, xa abantu phantse bonke babelele. Kwi egumbini eliphezulu ngesibetho kwaba ezingabonakaliyo. Kodwa emazantsi entle wothuswa. Ice holed amasebe 5, ngoko nangoko baqalisa ukuba sifunxe amanzi. Ngokubanzi, ubude umngxuma yayiziimitha 90. UMyili Tomas Endryus wathi loo umonakalo emkhombeni uya kuhlala phezu nje kweyure. Eli qela alungiselwa ngobungxamo likaxakeka. abaqhubi Radio adlulisele i SOS.

Ingqwayi-ngqwayi yenqanawa wanika umyalelo ukubeka isikhitshana kwabasetyhini kunye nabantwana. Iqela ngokwayo wayefuna ukuba baphile, oomatiloshe namandla Nathwala amaphini. Ubukhulu becala babaleka abakhweli natyebileyo "Titanic." Kodwa amathuba kubo bonke akwanelanga.

Zisuka nje, le nqanawa khange axhotyiswe ngokwaneleyo yonke into efunekayo. Lo eliphezulu ukusindisa abantu 1,100. Kwimizuzu yokuqala kwakunzima ingabonakali, inqanawa waqalisa ukuya ezantsi, ngoko abakhweli ekhululekile abazange ukuqonda oko kwenzekayo, kwaye kabuhlungu wakhwela esikhitshaneni isiqingatha elinento.

Le mizuzu yokugqibela ummangaliso-inqanawa

Xa liner ngamandla impumlo kruthu, ukwanda panic ngobuninzi phakathi abakhweli.

Iklasi sesithathu ngasekhohlo yavalwa inxalenye yawo. Udlame imfazwe, yaye abantu bazama ukubaleka okusemandleni okukhulu. Ukhuseleko wazama ukubeka izinto ukuze unoloyiko bebhekise nesihlwele nompu.

Ngoxa wayedlula kufuphi umkhumbi "California," kodwa akazange bayichole loo fowuni ukuba uncedo isitya ekufutshane. Babelala izithuba yomqhubi kunomathotholo. Like uyatshona "Titanic", nesantya kunye apho waya ezantsi, kuphela "Carpathia" wayesazi ukuba kukho santya siphezulu wabubhekisa ubuso bakhe kubo.

Nangona 'amaza lokubandezeleka, iinzame elizimeleyo obenokuphepha yaqhubeka. Iimpompo sokumpompa amanzi nangoku umbane. At 2:15 pipe ukuwa. Ngaphezu koko, izibane waphuma. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba uthiwe lakrazuka kubini, ngokuba impumlo yamanzi ababeyiqwebile yazika. Ezidla kuqala wavuka, waza ke xi amaphutha ayo isithuthi weight.

Obandayo enzonzobileni

Impumlo wayetshona ngokukhawuleza. Feed okwemizuzu embalwa, waya phantsi kwamanzi. Kodwa ngeli istili yayo, izindlu, ifenitshala wahamba ukuya phezulu. At 2:20 wajika ngokupheleleyo emanzini inqanawe enkulu "Titanic." Njengoko Inqanawa yazika, namhlanje abonisa ezininzi bhanya msebenzi bhanya.

Bambi ababekhwele ababezama kunzima ukuphila. Kwamenywa tsibela iibhatyi kungena enzonzobileni emnyama. Kodwa Ocean lukhohlakele indoda. Phantse bhuxe ekufeni. Emva kwexesha elithile izikhitshana ezimbini wabuya, kodwa ningabadla kule ndawo baba units. Emva lixa beza "Carpathia" wathatha abo bahlala.

Kunye umphathi inqanawa waya ezantsi. Ehlenga abantu 712 ukusuka bonke abaye uthenge itikiti "Titanic." Kwelabantu 1496 kakhulu abameli kwiklasi yesithathu, abantu abafuna olu hambo ukuyiphatha into ukwenzeka, kwaye lufuneka.

ngekhulu umkhonyovu

"Olimpiki" inqanawa ezimbini udidi eyakhelwe iprojekthi enye. Emva kokuba yokuqala oseleyo ukudada, mna yakhwela kwiziphosiso zakhe. Ngoko ke, ulawulo wagqiba ukongeza kwi "Titanic" ezinye iinkcukacha. Kwanciphisa indawo chu, sidibanise tile ezimbini. Ukuze yokutyela eqhotyoshelweyo cafe. Ukukhusela abakhweli ukusuka kwimozulu embi, kumgangatho yavalwa. Isiphumo umahluko phezulu, nangona kwixa elidluleyo kwakungenakwenzeka ukwahlula ukusuka nqanawa "Olimpiki".

Version oko "Titanic" ngaphantsi kwamanzi akubanga ngengozi, uyayihlaza Robin Rardiner, ac kwimiba navigation. Ngokutsho imfundiso yakhe, wemka ngomkhombe abaphezulu kwaye wabethwa "Olimpiki" ethunyelweyo.

umkhumbi Changeling

Inqanawa yokuqala yaphehlelelwa ngaphandle inshorensi. Ukuba namava iingozi ezininzi, waba luxanduva ukuba inkampani. ukulungiswa abasisigxina zifuna imali enkulu. Emva kokuba lomonakalo kreyseom, inqanawa labuyiselwa ukuba kwiholide. Ngoko kwagqitywa endaweni inqanawa endala enye entsha ukhuselekile kunye efana kakhulu kwi "Titanic". Njengoko Inqanawa yazika, kuyaziwa, kodwa bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba emva nentlekele inkampani "White Star Line" wafumana imbuyekezo ngeenxa zonke.

Hlela ntlekele wayengekho nzima. Zombini iinqanawa zibe kwindawo enye. "Olimpiki" wenza umsebenzi wokulungisa izithambiso, kumgangatho yakhiwe kwaye qhiwu igama elitsha. Nezingerhwexu umngxuma steel cheap leyo buthathaka emanzini ice.

ukuqiniswa theory

ubungqina ebalulekileyo ukuchana kwefom kukho iinyaniso elingenakuphikiswa. Umzekelo, isibakala sokuba tycoons yeli hlabathi, aze nempumelelo, abazizityebi kabukhali sikweni bashiya uhambo olude-elindelwe imini ngaphambili. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho umnini kaYohane Pierpont Morgan. abathengi 55 Kuphela nje amatikiti lokuqala-class irhoxisiwe. zonke Imizobo anqabileyo isusiwe kwakhona ukusuka nqanawa, izacholo, isitokhwe zegolide ubuncwane. Kukho ingcamango yokuba abakhweli kwilungelo "Titanic" ukwazi imfihlelo.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, umthetheli elimisiweyo Edward John Smith, abasafuna waya "Olimpiki". Ngokuphindaphindiweyo, waphawula ukuba le ukubaleka yakhe yokugqibela ebomini. Ezingqonge amagama waqonda ngokoqobo, njengoko matiloshe wayesele eza umhlala phantsi. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba oku isohlwayo iimpazamo elidlulileyo Commander kulo umkhombe odlulileyo.

kuphakama imibuzo emininzi ngenxa iqabane lokuqala uWilliam Murdoch, wayala ukuba ekhohlo babuye umva up. Isicombululo esifanelekileyo kule meko bekuya kuba ukuya ngqo kwaye bahlanganise impumlo yakhe. Kulo mzekelo, i "Titanic" kwi emazantsi bekungayi kuba.

Esiqalekisweni Ma

Iminyaka, kwakukho amabali ezibe ababekhwele kweso ubuncwane enkulu. Phakathi kwawo ke Ma kaFaro Amenhotep imboni. Nokuba 3000 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, elinye ibhinqa kwangaphambili ukuba umzimba wakhe uya kuwela emanzini kwaye oko kuya kwenzeka ukubhomboloza abantu abamsulwa abaye bafa. Kodwa abagxeki musani ukukholwa isiprofeto lokwenyaniso, nangona oko akuthethi ukuvala amathuba ukuba imfihlelo "Titanic" akakafiki uvule.

Kukho le nguqulo: ntlekele izicwangciso ukuxhoma technical ekuphuhliseni uluntu. Kodwa le mfundiso ngaphantsi lililo ngakumbi intsomi lo mama.

Uqhekekile balala kubunzulu yeemitha 3750. Ukuze liner wathwala amashumi diving amakhulu. Iqela labaphandi liye ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye Dzheyms Kemeron - umlawuli umboniso edume ifilimu.

Wenkulungwane yokugqibela, kwaye iimfihlelo "Titanic" isekhona anomdla useza uluntu.