Art samandulo (ukupeyinta, iconography, izakhiwo)

art samandulo ikakhulu ibunjiwe nolwathi lwaphuhliswa ngakumbi emva kokuba ubhaptizo Rus. Kwaba emva kwesi siganeko sibaluleke kubekho iinguqu ezinkulu kubomi yezopolitiko eli lizwe, ngokunjalo zobuciko.

Ukufika ukholo entsha - ubuKristu yenze ukuba ubugcisa kuMbindi Ages isiko kwenkcubeko yamaGrike amandulo ezizodwa kunye sublime. Umzekelo, ukuba wakha iitempile ilitye lokuqala. Enye yezi zakhiwo eyakhiwe Kiev Church of isishumi, nto leyo echaphazela ababephila izimo ngokugqibeleleyo kunye ngaphakathi gorgeous. Imizobo eyenziwe smalt, mosaic, ubuhle okumangalisayo iconostasis kunye miniatures esibalisayo yezibhalo ukunconywa ngenxa ngaphezu kwekhulu.

art samandulo X-XIII iinkulungwane, i ngokuncedisana ka East Slavic inkcubeko le zamaSkitiya kunye Sarmatian. Kwakhona, oko esihle nezithethe zamandulo, nakubugcisa entle Byzantium kunye namazwe ezazihambisana Balkan.

art medieval luphawulwa yokuba bekusoloko langoku isihloko zenkolo. Bezakhiwo kunye namagcisa belo xesha kufuneka alandele izikhokelo ze izinqumo zeCawa, ehlangana imigaqo aphezulu yobuKristu. Anikwa ukucacisa kukuveza njani izifundo ezithile. Ilifinyeze nkqu nabanye zazingekho ndayibonayo bokwakha ngelo xesha. Eliphawulwe ngokucacileyo, ingakumbi iintlobo izakhiwo.

art samandulo kunye nentsingiselo yalo engundoqo kuyofikwa ngokucacileyo i esekelwe yaseSt uSophia. Le yinkqubo yokwenene ezaziwa ukupeyinta of the Ages Aphakathi ibandla, nto leyo iye yasinda kuzo maxesha ethu. Umzekelo, etempileni kaMoses ubonisa Virgin Orans, kwaye kukho kwakhona lomzobo omkhulu kunye kwisiqwenga pilo kaKristu, abapostile, ukholo kanye bevangeli.

Akukho umfanekiso unique kangako esekhona ka Yaroslava Mudrogo, intsapho yakhe kunye nemifanekiso yobomi yenkundla, apho ubugcisa Russian amandulo kunye neempawu zayo ezisisigxina kakhulu ngokucacileyo. lesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo, kwenziwe ubuchule kaMoses, apho malunga ukusuka kunyaka 1046, ekwimo yayo yoqobo sele ifikelele nathi efanayo eSt Nozipho e Kiev.

iinkosi Russian ngekhono aphantsi esekelwe kunye ebhanyabhanya. Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba igama Italian "ngomfanekiso" liguqulelwe ngokuthi "ekrwada." Mizobo yale isimbo esasithwalwa imibala eludongeni kusekho emanzi ezisetyenziswa uhombiso yeetempile. art Fine kumaXesha Aphakathi ifikelele incopho zabo.

Kuba Russia belusoloko luphawulwa yi nangokukrola emhlophe-ilitye, kuba iye yaba luphawu emangalisayo, ekhethekileyo izakhiwo yamandulo. Uye edume iicawa nje kuphela, kodwa ezinde yezikhulu. Ethandwa ithandwa enkulu of nangokukrola amatye kunye nemithi, oko kusebenza bezandla zobugcisa.

bejewellery Old Russian baba yokubhala Umbhali odumileyo yaye iinkosi nanto yesilivere, nempahla yegolide. Umzekelo, ukuba umvuzo odumileyo endala - wobugcisa yesikhumba yokwenene, ihonjiswe ngamatye anqabileyo - "Ostrom Gospel".

Russia yayidume isikolo yayo yokudweba icon. Igama elithi "icon" ukuba ngokoqobo liguqulelwe kwisiGrike njenge "umfanekiso". Amaninzi ke zazibonisa ubuso bukaKristu kunye uMariya, kunye abangcwele. Yayifudula wawexulwa ngononophelo, ubuso wayesemva, kunye ubuso evuthelweyo mbhoxo, impumlo ngqo kunye, njengoko umthetho, amehlo amakhulu avulekileyo. Indawo yolondolozo Kiev-Pechersk Lavra basigcina igama edume icon opeyintayo yenkulungwane XII, indela Alimpiya. U fanele ukuba isikolo iinkosi yamaGrike, ii icon, wabhala ngendlela engqongqo yimithetho, kodwa noko Walunguza amasuntswana ahlule buqu kunye italente inkosi nanto.

Kwakusazeka ukuba izithethe ziphambili zesikolo Vladimir-Suzdal yokudweba icon, eqhubekileyo abalandeli yokubhala icons. Baba koomasifundisane zilandelayo: Moscow, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Rostov, Suzdal. Kulapha ukuba ukhanyiso ubonakala ubuhle obumangalisayo ye icon, umzekelo, "Angel Golden Hair" "Deesis" le Moscow Cathedral of kwingcinga, Dmitriya Solunskogo icon, George, "I-Face Holy" kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Art Fine kujongwe ukuba sikhonze abantu ukunika ithuba kwizizukulwana abaninzi bazive inxaxheba kwimbali nenkcubeko lwelizwe lethu elikhulu.