Isakhiwo iinqanawa, eSt Petersburg: imbali, inkcazo

isakhiwo Petersburg Admiralty ngomnye iisimboli ezaziwa kakhulu kuwo umzi. Yayakhelwe ebudeni bolawulo Peter I kwaye sele isetyenziswe njengendawo indawo iibhodi, ulungiselelo kunye namanye amaziko oluntu.

Ngumqondo of Peter I

Ukubaluleka ukuba isakhiwo Admiralty imele ukuba umzi, ibalaselisa isibakala sokuba yayakhiwe nangoko emva kokusekwa kwikomkhulu elitsha. Peter mna ngokobuqu inxaxheba kuphuhliso lwezicwangciso kunye zemizobo yokwakhela ezifunekayo izakhiwo kunye nezithuthi yokupaka. sele ewenze wonke umsebenzi oyimfuneko wokulungiselela sele nje kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, yaye ngowe-1705 kwakukho isakhiwo yokuqala Admiralty.

Ngenxa yokuba ngelo xesha iRussia ilwa Sweden (kuquka ulwandle), zonke izakhiwo zoshishino kwafakwa yi kwenqaba kunye zilikhusi ukuzithethelela. Baba kuyimfuneko kwimeko kokurhangqwa Petersburg, nangona zange isetyenziswe. Inqanawa yokuqala, wenza ngokupheleleyo Admiralty, yasungulwa ngo-1706.

Ngelo xesha kwabonakala umyalelo (ubulungiseleli elingana), onoxanduva zonke izithuthi Russian. Ekubeni uPetros I ekugqibeleni wakwazi iphupha lakhe nekomkhulu elitsha, apho, koko, intliziyo yaba imikhumbi yayo.

Ngelo xesha, ukongeza izakhiwo zolawulo, oku kwaku Eziko, iindibano zocweyo kunye slipways, ezadalwa inkundla entsha. Channel Admiralty kwaqhutywa ecaleni isakhiwo, nto leyo yaba yinxalenye yenkqubo elidityanisiweyo lamajelo ezidolophini. Ngenxa yoko, nayo yothutho hub enkulu kule ndawo.

Yenqanawa spire

Esi sakhiwo lokuqala Admiralty yaphinda yakhiwa ngo-1711, yaye emva kweminyaka esibhozo, ngayo eAmsterdam spire wayo odumileyo. Phezulu zomzimba bakhe inqanawa sabekwa, eyenziwe iinkosi Dutch, edume ngokuba uthando lwakhe ngayo Navy. Kuyinto ngamava baseYurophu, uPetros wazama ukubethelela kwisixeko yamaphupha abo.

Kwi isikhephe kwi steeple nangoku zitsolile iingxabano abaphandi kunye mbali. theory ohlangeneyo umfanekiso walo olubuyiselwe apho. Kukho iindidi ezimbini point ethandwayo imbono. Omnye uthi ukuba umfuziselo sikhephe inqanawa yokuqala, leyo wathatha kwizibuko kwalo St. Petersburg. Zisuka nje, kwakukho aphilileyo kakhulu, kwaye lula zankomo uye ekhaya eyenzelwe abasebenzi abaninzi. Ngokutsho kwenye inkolelo, inani le sikhephe wakhutshelwa ukusuka ukumila awahlali "Eagle". Yaba umkhumbi wokuqala fleet Russian, ezakhiwe umyalelo kayihlo kaPetros, Alexei Mikhailovich, kule minyaka ingama-60 kwinkulungwane XVII.

Le spire ye Admiralty kwakulungiswa izihlandlo eziliqela. Ngezi nkqubo, isikhephe yatshintsha. Kulo mzekelo, inani lokuqala, eyenziwe kwamaDatshi kule minyaka uPetros mna, ebelahlekile. Spire nangoko umdla kubantu baloo mzi. Kubo luye lwaba luphawu ongamiselwanga of St. Petersburg. Zamob Admiralty kweso sikhundla ungakhuphisana yeBronzi sabakhweli, drawbridges kunye uPetros noPawulos Cathedral ngempumelelo.

Ekhulwini XVIII

Kwiminyaka elide ikhona, isakhiwo Admiralty e St. Petersburg, yaphinda yakhiwa izihlandlo eziliqela. Xa nenani-1730. umyili Ivan Korobov wakha isakhiwo ngamatye esitsha, ukutshintshwa kwezindlu eziphelelwe lixesha. Kule projekthi umbhali uPetros walondoloza ubeko omdala, kodwa ndatshintsha indlela yokunxiba, awunike omkhulukazi.

Ukubaluleka olungaphambili esinomfaneleko laliphezulu kakhulu ngenxa Admiralty waba ekudibaneni kwe engundoqo kwaye izitalato kakhulu kwikomkhulu - i Nevsky Prospekt, Voznesensky Prospekt kunye nezitalato Gorokhovskaya. Kwafika ke ebizwa ngokuba "yenaliti" - a spire ihonjiswe.

Ukutyhubela eminyaka alandelayo, abasemagunyeni sixeko ngendlela abazibandakanya nokutyetyiswa kwaye ngokutsha kwiindawo ezikufutshane isakhiwo. Ngethuba leeholide, baba oyithandayo indibano yoluntu ndawo. Ekupheleni kobukumkani Elizabeth waba engcotyeni eligangathiweyo ngokupheleleyo olubiyele isakhiwo. Kulo mzila ukunyuka intaba nangoko zaye zasasazeka phakathi kwabahlali kunye neendwendwe ngokufanayo.

Ukunkcenkceshela nakummandla ongqonge Admiralty wakhonza njengeqonga central ukuba imithambo Navy. Le indlela ecanda phakathi kwezindlu channel yangaphambili ngaphakathi izixeko njalo ivalekile. Xa Elizabeth waqalisa ukwenza umsebenzi rhoqo kwi ukuyicoca.

project Zakharov

Phakathi kwinkulungwane XVIII yayakhiwe i Winter Palace. Ifana nalo isimbo, eyathi kamva igama le Elizabeth sobuciko. I Palace usondele kakhulu Admiralty. wabulala kwabo dissimilarity yaye bobakhe ngamaxesha ahlukahlukeneyo ngokulula kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX, abasemagunyeni mzi ingqalelo iiprojekthi eziliqela zokuphucula kunye ngokutsha kwesakhiwo Admiralty.

Ngomhla indima ngumzobi lead wakhethwa Andreyan Zakharov. Yena waqala ukusebenza ngo-1806 kwaye wabhubha, wathi, kuba engenambewu ixesha ukubona umntwana wakhe. msebenzi wakhe waqhubeka abafundi. Abazange zitshintshile izithembiso ezisisiseko kunye nezicwangciso Zakharov.

Olungaphambili entsha Admiralty

Ngokutsho isindululo womzobi kaThixo yakhiwa phantse yonke Admiralty. Ukusuka kwisakhiwo endala luhlale inqaba eladlulayo, apho oba a spire ihonjiswe enqanaweni. Kuye wadiliza inqaba endala, wahlala kweso sixeko ukususela Enkulu Northern War. Ngoku ikomkhulu ephila ubomi ngoxolo, kunye nemfuneko kwi zilikhusi wanyamalala. On indawo ekhulula wabonakala ezithandwayo kunye nabahlali eSt Petersburg Boulevard. Ngoku apha loluncinane ifuna Alexander Garden.

Ixesha olungaphambili entsha obeziimitha ezili-400. Zonke izisombululo bokwakha Zakharov laphumeza kunye nenjongo enye kuphela - ukugxininisa ukubaluleka kakhulu kwesakhiwo Admiralty ngokohlobo eyinkunzi. St. Petersburg ngoko, kwaye ngoku kunzima ukucinga ngaphandle olungaphambili adumileyo kwisakhiwo solawulo.

isakhiwo umhombiso

imisebenzi Ukubuyiselwa kwinkulungwane XIX obongeze lomculo i-Main Admiralty imifanekiso ezininzi ezintsha zokuncedisa umfanekiso abatyebileyo sakhiwo. Imifanekiso zokuhombisa, adalwe iinkosi Russian, okuboniswe amabali yamandulo njengobuxoki, kwakunye kwimbali kwizithuthi Russian. Konke oku igxininisa iwonga yasebukhosini amandla amakhulu maritime, ogama iinqanawa eyayihamba kweelwandle zehlabathi.

Ngomnyaka ulwakhiwo (1823) zenzelwe ngu Zakharov complex wavuka nezibilini zayo engaqhelekanga. Uninzi usekhona kule mini, kwaye namhlanje ixabiso elikhulu yenkcubeko. iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ze-holo Admiralty zezi kalukhuni yawo kuhlangene, ukukhanya osisityebi eqaqambileyo, ukudala umoya akumangalisi.

akamsalisela fleet

ibali umdla Admiralty kuquka amaxesha ahlukeneyo ukusetyenziswa. Ekuqaleni, nenze ngokwemithetho kaPetros, ibhodi aselwandle waba isakhiwo, yaye kamva - iSebe Navy.

Kukho kwakhona ikomkhulu, amalungu bawo bonke uBukhosi abaphathi kakhulu esihloko sithi. Phakathi kwezi iindonga, izigqibo kwenziwa ngosuku olwandulela amaphulo ezingundoqo emkhosini kwimbali Romanovs. Isicwangciso ozelwe kwaye siququzelelwa kwi-Admiralty, sasetyenziswa ngexesha imisebenzi aselwandle kwi iCrimea Imfazwe iMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

Naval Museum

Empini ukufikelela kuphela angaphathi ezithile izakhiwo enkulu. Ngokukodwa, ukususela imbonakalo Admiralty kuso wafumanisa Naval Museum. Kukho bagcinwa yezikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo i Petrine kwexesha. Umzekelo, ukuba inqanawa imifuziselo, imizobo kunye nembalelwano lobuqu umlawuli yokuqala, malunga nokusekwa kwiBaltic Fleet.

Ngaphambi 1939 le imyuziyam esisityebi kusingathwa yi isakhiwo Admiralty. Lomhleli Zakharov wandisa isithuba kwimiboniso ukuba bonke yahluma kunye zonke sizukulwana yaye yakhula. Kule Stalin xesha, imyuziyam safudukela ekwakheni elalisakuba St. Petersburg Stock Exchange utolo Vasilevsky Island.

Xa wokugqibela Romanovs

izithuthi Ukwakhiwa kummandla Admiralty yaphela ngo-1844. Zonke izixhobo yafudukela Novoadmiralteyskuyu zalapho. Ngenxa yoko, akukho mfuneko kwi misele ezingqonge ezintsonkothileyo. Ke walala ubuthongo. Ngoko ngeli xesha kwakukho Horseguards Boulevard.

Ngowe-1863 ngomthetho loMlawuli Alexander II, icawa encinane ngaphakathi kwisakhiwo i Admiralty wafumana iwonga of the Holy Saint Spyridon. Ke nenqaba intsimbi wamiswa. Ezi nguqu kufuneka ziboniswe imbonakalo kwisakhiwo esikhulu. Church Orthodox ayengathandi imikrolo ebonisa oothixo babahedeni - abalinganiswa amabali yamandulo nangqondo.

Abanye ixesha phakathi abefundisi kunye Ubulungiseleli Naval yaba ukhuphiswano abasenyongweni. Ekugqibeleni, Alexander II wavuma ukuya kwisabelo ecaweni. Esi sakhiwo iye evinjwa imifanekiso ezininzi kunye nezinye izinto zobugcisa. Ukutshatyalaliswa ezikhumbuzo kwenzeka nakuba ewamela bezakhiwo kunye namagcisa of Petersburg.

Ngowe-1869, i-Admiralty Tower ufumene socofo yayo anokulahlwa eYurophu. Elenga iminyaka emashumi mane, emva koko kungena amanye analog omtsha zombane ebudeni bolawulo uNicholas II. Admiralty Kuye kwaba indawo yomsebenzi kwamalungu Romanov ubukhosi, njengokuba ezinye izalamane yookumkani lafumana ziphezulu kwi Navy. Umzekelo, i-Grand Duke uKonstantin Nikolaevich owayephethe onke Ministry Naval kwixesha ukususela 1855 ukuya 1881.

modernity

Emva kokuba October Revolution, urhulumente yamaBolshevik awanikwe kwisakhiwo Naval School. Kungekudala wafumana igama Feliksa Dzerzhinskogo. Restaurant kwakhona ulungisa iinjineli. Kulo mba, kule minyaka 30 Admiralty kwaba elebhu ngobuchule kubalulekile ukuba imveliso iinjini ukuba amagalelo.

Ngethamsanqa, isakhiwo phantse konakale yi ziziqhushumbisi German ekungqingweni, nasekuxinweni lwe eLeningrad. Le spire odumileyo kunye uthiwe alekwe. Ukubuyiselwa yokugqibela enkulu kwesakhiwo kwenzeka kwi Brezhnev xesha ngo-1977.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha post-yiSoviet phakathi kwabahlali of St. Petersburg yi bekukho impikiswano eshushu malunga nekamva Admiralty. Ngo-2013, nenqaba kunye spire kwakukho ibandla Orthodox, ukuvulwa ubuhanjelwe njengele phezulu zezithuthi Russian.