Usuku Paris Thethani; umhla, imbali

Usuku Paris Thethani lubhiyozelwa imbeko uloyiso yokuqala mbuso yesigaba ngo-1871, Matshi 18. Paris Thethani ekuthiwa eyenziwe ngexesha iziganeko ka-1871 kwi-ikomkhulu urhulumente olululo French.

Indawo yangasemva 1871

France, ngenkulungwane ye-19 ... Ukusebenza kokuchitha neNgonyama yamaphephandaba ngoFebruwari 1848 ukubeka phambili iimfuno yotshintsho olululo. Ngo June wonyaka omnye kunye Paris yesigaba ezingalweni ezenziwe nxamnye Republic "amalungelo kunye eyinkunzi" ka "yalilizwe ekuhlaleni". Eli lilinge lokuqala ngokomyalelo yamaphephandaba, zokuqala imfazwe enkulu zembambano phakathi oohlohlesakhe kunye sabasebenzi. A lahluleka enzima ngo-1848, kuye kwenza iklasi ukusebenza ixesha elide. Kuphela ngo 1871 yena kwakhona sendide bachase urhulumente.

Ibhiyozela Usuku Paris Thethani (1848 iziganeko wakhonza lasungulwa) Abantu abaninzi namhlanje.

ukuvela

Lwakuba nje yasekwa phakathi Prussia kunye France isgqibo emfazweni Franco-Prussia, izixholoxholo kwaqhambuka eParis, lakhula laba revolution. Ngenxa yoko, self-government yaqaliswa, apho baqhubeka ngowe-1871, ukususela nge-18 Matshi ukuya kowe-28 Meyi. Paris Thethani ekhokelwa ngabameli anarchists amaqela kunye wobusoshiyali. iinkokeli zayo ndizivakalisa zombini kwisampula yokuqala lobuzwilakhe sabasebenzi.

ngumkhuba Natural yembali yaba ukuvela eParis Thethani. Isizathu yaba ezingangqinelaniyo zentlalo olukhulu eyayikho kuluntu French, leyo zimbi kakhulu kakhulu emva kokoyiswa lizwe ngexesha Franco-Prussia War, eyathatha ukususela 1870 ukuya 1871. Lasekwa ngo February, urhulumente Thiers (photo lwakhe eboniswe ngezantsi), ukuba uTimoti loohlohlesakhe enkulu, wamkele iimeko ehlazweni nangokubandezela sivumelwano woxolo. Imikhosi yolawulo revolution baye basabela nokudalwa Republican Federation of the National Guard. Intloko yikomiti yayo engundoqo.

Iintsuku zokuqala revolution

Ngobusuku Matshi 18 lwaqhutywa yi-Government of Thiers izama izixhobo sabasebenzi kwizithili eParis yaye ambambe nabameli Central Committee National Guard. Nangona kunjalo, esi sicwangciso ayiphumelelanga. Ngenxa yokothuka, urhulumente wabalekela Versailles eParis. I-National Guard ise kwiholo yedolophu, ishicilela izindlu kunye enqabeni yomkhosi. Ngaphezu kwiholo yedolophu bakuwufunqula iflegi obomvu. Ngoko yabhengezwa ngenxa yemvukelo abaxhobileyo kunye ukubhukuqwa ngurhulumente yongxowankulu, Paris Thethani. Unyulo ukuya Thethani ka Paris liBhunga ngomhla wama-26 kuMatshi. kweentsuku ezimbini kamva, wachitha intlanganiso yakhe yokuqala, nto leyo eyakhokelela Proudhon Bele. Hall New Town, Matshi 29 labizwa ngokusesikweni i-Paris Thethani.

Usuku Paris Thethani

Umhla March 18, 1871 kukho ekhethekileyo kwimbali France. Wo azi kwaye ukhumbule kakuhle kulo lonke ihlabathi. Kwathiwa ke yenzeke loo mbuso yesigaba. Matshi 18 Wawa amandla oohlohlesakhe. Loo mhla wokuqala Paris Thethani. 1848 Umcimbi kwakhokelwa, njengoko sele sitshilo, lo mhla mkhulu. Ngokutsho isigqibo lokuQala International kunyaka olandelayo ngoMatshi 18, imini yaba yiholide lilinge lokuqala oluphemeleleyo ukuba ukumbamba igunya kwezopolitiko olwenziwa ngabasebenzi. Le Usuku Paris Thethani. yakhe ngokwenza de-1917, yaye kwilizwe lethu kwiintlanganiso okungekho mthethweni kwemibutho yotshintsho olululo. Kuba ixesha ndingowokuqala ofikileyo namhla revolution waba yabhiyozelwa kakhulu emva ngoMatshi 1923, iKomiti Central of the DENR wabhengeza Day labo leeholide le Paris Thethani.

Yeyiphi negalelo ukuvela i-Paris Thethani?

Nganeno ngaseludinini yentlekele lesizwe France emva bahlulwa sedan. Uninzi kummandla ahlala amabutho Prussia. Kwakhona anazo ukuze ixesha elifutshane, ezinye iinkalo kwikomkhulu. INdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe yonyulwa ngo 1871, 8 Februwari, ibe monarchists ezicacileyo oyimfihlo. abasebenzi ngezixhobo Bismarck, boyika ngoohlohlesakhe bezindlu zasebukhosini nababenemihlaba enkulu. France phantsi ngokwemiqathango yesivumelwano lokuqala kufuneka ukuba ahlawule imali enkulu of Prussia. ubukhulu balo billion 5 franc zegolide. Prussia nabo bafudukela Alsace kunye Lorraine.

unogada kazwelonke

Abasebenzi kunye nongqondongqondo ngcembe beza ukuziphendulela eyinkunzi. E Paris, ngoSeptemba 1870, i-National Guard kwasekwa - 215 ithathele. Ngelo xesha kwakukho umbutho wezopolitiko. I-Central IKomiti ye-National Guard phantsi ndiseyimbumba eneneni amandla abantu.

Ngosizi ubusika kwi komkhulu

Abahlali elisezantsi ingeniso-ekungqingweni nasekuxinweni ka Paris wanyamezela yindlala yaye kubanda ebusika. Ngaphezu koko, imali neziqhushumbisi waba Prussia. Ngokutya yimbi. Ngokutsho kwezinye kwentelekelelo baseParis badla mane lamawaka amahashe. izixa Huge imali baya kuhlawulelwa iimpuku, iikati nezinja. ukutya Eqhelekileyo ngosuku yaba 50 grams horsemeat, kunye 300 iigram mgangathweni isonka eyenziwe oats kunye nerayisi. Imigca enkulu kwi yokubhaka. ntlekele ekhula, imeko apho revolution okukhulu.

imeko Pre-revolution yaba eParis. A. Thiers wagqiba ke ukuhlakaza National Guard ngezigalo, ikomiti engundoqo ukubanjwa kwakhe, ukuba asayine uxolo wokugqibela Bismarck, uze emva koko abuyisele neNgonyama. E Bordeaux, ukuba kubiza ibandla kazwelonke, nto leyo ke waya Versailles.

Transition Division Versailles ecaleni abavukeli

imikhosi karhulumente 1871, ebusuku kaMatshi 18 likwazile ukufaka phantse yonke ibekwe phezu eziphakamileyo Montmartre zokudubula. Abantu Paris laliphuma qwa. Kungekudala, abo bavukeli kudlule phantse yonke kulwahlulo Versailles. Lo ngomnye iziganeko awalithabathayo revolution yesigaba. Le ithathele of the National Guard ngokwemiyalelo yeKomiti Central wathabatha isakhiwo kubulungiseleli, enqabeni amapolisa, kwisikhululo sikaloliwe. Ngaphezu kwiholo yedolophu ngokuhlwa ngoMatshi 19 indwe iphakanyisiwe obomvu. Ngoko ke i-Paris Thethani (umhla - 18/03/1871) - Isimo sabasebenzi, kwakunye iqumrhu lozwilakhe zabasebenzi. Sagcina iintsuku 72 kuphela. Noko ke, imbali ka Paris lee ngaphandle kwesiganeko, nto leyo ngokupheleleyo eli xesha.

Kubhengezwa le Central Committee of the National Guard ebantwini

I-Central IKomiti ye-National Guard ngemini enye wakhupha isibheno kubantu eFransi, apho aveza ithemba lokuba elikomkhulu iza kuba ngumzekelo ukuze kwakhiwe kwiriphabliki entsha. zokungqinga yathatha into kwexesha. Yathi kwintetho abalindi ukuba amagunya iKomiti Central ibhatyi, kuba andifuni ukuthatha indawo labo onesibindi nje uqhwithela Ukujala zabantu. Iinkokheli kwimvukelo ngokwayo lowo ongazanga isaziso ngurhulumente yethutyana. Baye ke bengasenabuganga ukuthatha igunya ngokupheleleyo.

Unyulo ku Thethani

Cc endaweni hlela ngoMatshi ukuya Versailles, ndaqalisa ukulungiselela unyulo ukuba sithethe. Kodwa akazange waqhuba ikhankasela zoluntu esebenzayo abaviwa zabasebenzi. Ngoko inyathelo yalahleka ixesha. abulawe ndinoloyiko of emangalelwa usurpation amandla. qhankqalazo kwaxhaswa kumasebe ezininzi France kwikomkhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokunqongophala umanyano amanyathelo beqela elibusayo khange kufikelelwe.

Ulonyulo March 26 zaye zabanjwa kwiBhunga Thethani, nguye igunya elongamileyo. izihlalo 25 Kuphela nje ephumile 86. Abanye abasebenzi babathabatha abakhonzi nongqondongqondo. Iyunithi ye-Paris Thethani iguqulwe njengendlela amandla kuqala kukuba ku tiva kangangoko kunokwenzeka imisebenzi revolution ebekwe yi ekuhambeni iziganeko.

Hayi kuphela izigqibo zenziwe liBhunga Thethani. Babeba kuphumezo lwazo practical. Nya ke amaziko ahlukeneyo kwakunye kokwahlulwa kwamagunya. Council Thethani 10 iikomiti phakathi kwamalungu ayo zachongwa, onoxanduva iinkalo ezahlukeneyo oluntu.

imikhosi exhobileyo

I-Paris Thethani, njengoko ixesha le Jacobin lozwilakhe, yayisekelwe abantu abaxhobileyo. Kwizithili ezininzi kwengqukuva emva kokuba amapolisa Matshi 18 indawo yayo yathathwa yi-National Guard, nomkhosi lwendalo yayo.

Ummiselo ka Matshi 29, 1871 nayo owakubhangisayo okunene emkhosini waza wabaxelela ukuba abemi ezifanelekileyo kule nkonzo zifakiwe kwi-National Guard.

Iintshukumo Versailles Government

Yayihleli phezu Paris Thethani iintshaba zonke iindlela ukuze athwale ukuze disorganize ubomi kwikomkhulu, nzima imeko sithethe yaye ngaloo ndlela kukhawuleziswe intshabalalo yayo. Umzekelo, ukuba abasebenzi ngabom amaziko kamasipala kunye karhulumente, leyo walungelelanisa urhulumente Versailles. Sithethe kaMatshi 29 bagqiba ukuba imiyalelo kunye nemiyalelo yakhe amandla omthetho enkulu abanalo kwaye kuxhomekeke abaqeshwa ukugxothwa ngoko nangoko abanenjongo ngoyaba le sigqibo.

Ngemihla zokuqala emva kokuba iziganeko kaMatshi 18, oko waqala kabukhali ukuchasa amandla ezisekiweyo ndaba yongxowankulu. Waqalisa ukuya onyelisa iinkokheli Paris Thethani, ukuze inyibilike kwidilesi zabo ezisungulwe ngolunya. CC, uze umasipala wenziwe iqela lamanyathelo nxamnye kula manyathelo. Kuphela 30 amaphephandaba izindawo kunye neemagazini ziye zavalwa ngexesha ubukho Thethani.

Ummiselo ka-Aprili 2,

Imbali ka Paris ngo-1871 yabalasela uthotho lweziganeko ezinkulu. Aprili 2 ndagqiba kukha Thiers, kwakunye namalungu amahlanu karhulumente Versailles ukuba akhawunti. Baye batyholwa ngokuvulela imfazwe yamakhaya, uququzelela kuhlaselwa kwikomkhulu. Ukuphendula ngokudubula lamabanjwa ngo April 5th Thethani wakhupha ummiselo nabafo. Ngokutsho kuyo, nawuphi na umntu othe batyholwa of wazi norhulumente e Versailles, ukuba kubanjwa. Umthetho ezisengozini ukubulawa abathathu ngasinye Communards shot.

amakhulu eminyaka abantu baye babanjwa ngokusekelwe lo myalelo. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho Bonzhan, owayelilungu leNdlu yeeNgwevu, Darbua, uBhishophu Zhekker, bhanki inkulu, kwaye neqela gendarmes, nababingeleli namagosa. Ngexesha lokudubula kwamabanjwa kwanyanzeleka ukuba gxotha Versailles. Noko ke, xa kwacaca ukuba ukubulawa nabafo Thethani na kungekho ngokukhawuleza, iqalise kusondele amabanjwa federates. Iinkokeli karhulumente isilela ngokucacileyo ukuqonda yentswelo zocindezelo neentshaba eklasini. Lenin, uhlaziye izizathu ukungaphumeleli Paris Thethani, yaphawula ukuba akwanelanga ngamandla isicelo ukucinezela kweelana nemikhosi exhobileyo.

Nangona ukuthi ngo May 28, i-revolution woyiswa, kwaye ehlabathini namhlanje, abantu abaninzi wokubhiyozela uSuku Paris Thethani. It is a luphawu uloyiso ngayo sabasebenzi kumzabalazo ngamandla. Wonke engumFrentshi uyazi ukuba ngoMatshi 18 - Usuku Paris Thethani. Lo mhla waya ezantsi imbali inzaliseko yokuqala revolution yesigaba ihlabathi.