Imbongi Vilgelm Kyuhelbeker: biography, ubuchule

Njengoko imbongi, Vilgelm Kyuhelbeker kancinane kwaziwa. Wakhula up engqongwe iimbongi brilliant, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, waba Pushkin. Zhukovsky, Vyazemsky Delvig baba abahlobo bakhe. Ngexesha le minyaka wabhala Baratynsky. Imimiselo yezi kwiimbongi kulula ukuba kulahleke nge lixesha, Ndithelekelele ngokugqithiseleyo yoluntu, eyayise Kuchelbecker, nangona italente yakhe omkhulu.

usapho

Kiichelbecker UWilhelm Karlovich wazalwa ngo-1797 e-St Petersburg. Le ntsapho sisityebi, kodwa bona babe kunye amakhonkco luncedo, kunye nezalamane eziphezulu. Lo tata, indoda efundile kakhulu, wafunda e Leipzig ngaxeshanye kunye Goethe kunye Radishchev. Uye unolwazi olubanzi kwicandelo namahlathi, ezoqoqosho kileyo. izihlobo eziphezulu kwamnceda ukuba athathe isikhundla enkundleni (uNobhala Grand Duke Paul Petrovich). Kamva, wamiselwa umlawuli we Pavlovsk. Kwakhona uMama of uWilliam enkundleni. Yena unyana nanny omnci loMlawuli Michael Pavlovich. UPawulos ndayinikela uyise Kuchelbecker ebomini lokuhlala ilifa. Oku kulapho, e Avinorme, wachitha esengumntwana Vilgelm Kyuhelbeker.

Bawo Karl Kyuhelbeker, yaba umntu kwezoqoqosho kakhulu. Wakwazi ngempumelelo kwilifa, nkqu nangamaxesha isilimo ngo-1808 xa abalimi zakhe indawo musa ukuya kulamba. Kodwa ke mkhaya abantwana abane, kwaye sonke kwafuneka ukuba ukufundisa, ngoko imali akuzange ngokwaneleyo.

Kwiminyaka elithoba, Wilhelm ogula usithulu indlebe enye. Ukususela yokuba bonke nedoslyshit phambi kokuba umntwana ezolileyo, okuchwayitha, kanti baba Wayesoyika ocaphuka msinya. Xa uWilliam wayeneminyaka elishumi elinanye ubudala, uyise wafa kwilifa usapho ithathwa futhi. Malunga ukunakekela umkhaya ndaba omdala watshata udade William, Justine. Kamva umyeni wakhe waba Umfundisi Grand Duke uNicholas uConstantine.

le lyceum

Ngeli xesha Vilgelm Kyuhelbeker sele bafunda endlwini yabahambi, apho kwakukho khona inkqubo yemfundo obalaseleyo. Kodwa izinto ezinkulu uncedo usapho evule free Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Ngo-1811 kuye kwaziswa ukuba umzala elikude, uMikhail Barclay de Tolly. Ofikisayo ngobuciko baphumelela iimviwo emnyango.

Nekhono unyamezelo Kuchelbecker abaselula wabona abaziphethe. Kodwa bonke wabona yokuswela ulwazi Russian kunye nesiJamani ababhali, kunokutshiseka. Abafundi Lyceum wenza intlekisa kulo ngendlela efanayo njengoko elivisayo abangevayo. Bona nothi Kuchle babhala epigrams ukuba okukruqulayo kakhulu kwaye ikhokelela ingxabano. Kodwa kuhle-natured Kuchle olungileyo-natured ngokukhawuleza lupholile. Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi lwakhe olunzulu kunye nentlonipho abafundi eliphezulu sikolo nokuzingisa. Xa-15 ubudala, waqalisa yokuqamba imibongo ngodlamko kokubini in Russian kwaye ngeelwimi German. Imibongo zaye zaveliswa palates emqhokrweni wengxondorha. Nokubaluleka wayethetha ngayo, efana umbongo, ebizwa kusekho ukugculelwa. Alexander Pushkin, kakhulu, njengaye wonke umntu, kunye isigqebelo imibhalo ngayo nzima Kuchle. Kodwa ngokukhawuleza wafunyanwa tye kunye ngokunyaniseka, kunye nento yokuba wazi bhetele kakhulu uncwadi, imbali, ifilosofi. Yaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, kuba usoloko ekulungele ukwabelana yonke ngolwazi lwakho. Vilgelm Kyuhelbeker nixhamle behlelo isipho echaza Pushkin, imibongo yakhe, sonorous kunye ngqo, kunye iingcinga ezinzulu.

Service nemibongo nokuzoba eliphezulu

Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini, kunye imbasa yesilivere Kiichelbecker waphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo yaye ababhalise kwiKholeji leMicimbi yangaPhandle. Ngoko nangoko ke wazifumana umsebenzi owongezelelekileyo. Kiichelbecker waqalisa ukufundisa iincwadi Russian esikolweni esinaleni. Ngowe-1820, ukuba unobhala A. Naryshkin, UWilhelm Kiichelbecker kwamanye amazwe sityelele eJamani kunye neFransi. Ngexesha lezi iminyaka ngamandla wenza imibongo zenja. Yeyona xesha bahlala emsebenzini wakhe. Zonke uye ebhaliweyo malunga yemibongo nekhulu. Kwakukho okusuke ezininzi Zhukovsky, kodwa ngokubanzi imibongo yakhe yimikhuba. Lo ngumsebenzi uphawu kubo. isiqulatho yabo - phezulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ubuchule bakhe ayinyamezeleki. imifanekiso yabafazi imibongo aziqhelekanga kuye. Oku kwalandelwa inkonzo eCaucasus Yermolov, kodwa ngenxa zokucwangcisa kwakhe umhlala kwaye awukwazi ukufumana umsebenzi.

Ityala owaguqula ubomi

Ngo-1825, Kiichelbecker kwakhona eSt Petersburg. yena iinyanga ezimbini phambi kokuba mvukelo ujoyine Northern Society of the Decembrists, kwaye lisebenza kwi Yeengwevu Square. Pushkin wayekholelwa ukuba nenxaxheba kwimvukelo ngengozi. Ekuqaleni wamiselwa iminyaka eli-15 entolongweni, kulandele ekuthinjweni ngokusisigxina eSiberia.

ixesha lokugqibela Pushkin wabona Kuchelbecker xa ihanjiswa ukusuka nqaba enye ukuya kwenye ekwindla ka-1827 Pushkin Kiichelbecker, nangona ubukho gendarmes, bagaleleka ukwanga kunye kiss omnye nomnye. Baye bahlukaniswa. Kuchelbecker, nangona wayesifa, ngokukhawuleza ehleli enqwelweni kunye kuhluthwa kwanoko anako. Le ntlanganiso Pushkin wayesoloko ikhunjulwa imvakalelo. Kukho nje ukuthi Kiichelbecker nguye kwase le Lena.

I Suomenlinna inqaba ngo-1832, wabhala "Elegy." Kuyo, yena othetha buhlungu iingcinga banjwa, intloko yakhe esandleni sakhe. Ngubani na ukuqonda ndilangazelela ngayo lyrical yakhe? Ngubani ongakhathaliyo ngengxaki yakhe? Yena ngenkxaso yakhe. nokuqina sakhe akayi ayasivuselela ukuba amaphupha akunakwenzeka. Myeke nasentanjeni, kodwa umoya wakhe free. Ukanti ke andikwazi kukunceda kodwa uzive buhlungu malunga nendalo, umhlaba, esibhakabhakeni omkhulu, iinkwenkwezi Somrhaqa eminye imihlaba. Ngoko ke, equbuda intloko yakhe, Usinqwenelela ukuba ikamva. It ukucima umlilo kaThixo, nto leyo ningoyiki kungekho entolongweni, akukho ewolo uthando, intlupheko. Utsho evala elegy Kuchelbecker.

eSiberia

Idayari kungeniswa Kiichelbecker usoloko, yaye igama Pushkin likaThixo kuzo kuqhelekile kakhulu. Kodwa emva koko watshintshelwa Barguzin, apho watshata intombi ukufunda nokubhala i yamagosa angoonoposi waba nabantwana abane. Ezintathu basinda. Ngoko, xa isicelo sakhe Kuchelbecker wadlulisela phantsi Tobolsk uze emva koko ndulana, apho uya kuhamba ziimfama. Kwakhona, Tobolsk. Oku sele kukho umntu ogulayo kakhulu. Wafa sephepha ngo-Agasti 1846, akazange aphile nkqu ukuya kwiminyaka engama-50.

Kude kube isiphelo sobomi Kiichelbecker iya kubaphatha izibongo njengento ephakamileyo, esiprofeto, yoluntu umkhonzi iinjongo. Yena waba sobulumko kwaye ngexesha elinye romantic Vilgelm Kyuhelbeker. Ibali lobomi bakhe iingcinga ebuhlungu.