Zobulumko abadumileyo: amaGrike amandulo - wabaseki indlela okufumana ukwazi inyaniso

amazwi yamandulo zobulumko adumileyo kunye namhlanje bagwayimbile ngokunzulu zabo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha yakhe spare, amaGrike amandulo ziye ucingela malunga nemithetho nophuhliso loluntu kunye nendalo, yaye lwendawo umntu ehlabathini. Ezo zobulumko ezaziwayo-kakuhle efana uSocrates, uPlato noAristotle wadala ekhethekileyo indlela yokufunda, nesetyenziswa namhlanje zonke zenzululwazi. Ngoko ke, wonke umntu ofundileyo namhlanje kufuneka nakanjani ukuqonda imiba ephambili ukuba ndizise iinkcuba lungaka nakwaSirayeli.

Famous zobulumko zamandulo zamaGrike eneneni baba lusungulo zonke iinzululwazi ngokuphuhlisa iziseko zazo theoretical component. Ukuvumelana kunye nobuhle - oku sisiseko nayiphi na ingcamango yabo. Kungenxa yoko le nto amaGrike, ngokungafaniyo oogxa babo zaseYiputa, wafuna kuqhubana ithiyori, ngenxa yokoyika ukuba lo mkhwa uya kubatshabalalisa ubuhle kunye nokucaca izigqibo.

zobulumko abadumileyo Greece yamandulo - kukuba, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, uSocrates, uPlato noAristotle. Oku nabo kwaye kufuneka uqale isifundo uphuhliso iindlela ukukhangela inyaniso. Ezi zobulumko ezaziwayo-kakuhle wadala imigaqo esisiseko esele wafumana uphuhliso ngqo kumsebenzi oogxa babo, kuquka ababephila zethu. Makhe siqwalasele nganye yezi zolwimi ngokunzulu.

USocrates umsunguli indlela dialectical kakhulu ekufumaneni ukwazi inyaniso. Umgaqo ibalulekileyo inkolelo kwi ukuvakala zehlabathi ngako ukumazi ngokwakhe. Ngokutsho uSocrates, umntu clever ayikwazi ukwenza izinto ezimbi, ngoko ulwazi yokuziphatha wadala isidima ngokulinganayo. Yonke iminkqangiyelo yakhe ithi, abacombululele iindawo abafundi bakhe ngomlomo ngohlobo incoko. Kwanabo bebesoloko sikwazi ukuvakalisa iimbono zabo, kodwa utitshala phantse zisoloko ukuwaphembelela ukuba siwazi incorrectness yezikhundla zabo, baze emva koko wihi iimbono zakhe, ekubeni uSocrates - kwakhona umseki ezizodwa, "kaSocrates" indlela lwembambano. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba uSocrates akazange avume kunye nemigaqo esisiseko idemokhrasi yamaGrike, kuba kukholelwa ukuba umntu engaganwanga kwimisebenzi kwezopolitiko, akanalo ilungelo ukuthetha ngayo.

Zonke zobulumko idealist mihla-waziwa baxhomekeke ubukhulu becala phezu Iimfundiso zikaPlato. Ngokungafaniyo uSocrates, kuba ihlabathi yakhe singqongwe musa ukumela i yinyani. Izinto - yinto nje zibonisa kwase olungunaphakade lecebo. Beauty uPlato - yinto ingcinga yokuqala, leyo ayinayo iimpawu ezingundoqo, kodwa nguwuphi avakalelwa ngayo kuloo maxesha ezizodwa wempembelelo. Onke la malungiselelo zibekwe kakuhle imisebenzi ezifana "UMbuso", "Phaedrus" yaye "nomthendeleko."

Aristotle, eyaziwa ngokuba utitshala athethwe yingqwayi-ngqwayi enkulu Aleksandra Makedonskogo, nangona yena njengokhozo uPlato, kodwa izimvo zakhe phezu uhlobo sezinto ngokuncamisayo tu. Beauty ngaye - lo propati njongo, esenokuba ezendeleyo izinto ezithile. Ihlala wolingano kunye nemvisiswano siswele. Kungenxa yoko le nto Aristotle likubona kubaluleke kakhulu kwimathematika. Kodwa ukhokho yokwenene inzululwazi, Kakade ke, waba kaPythagoras.