Wilson kaThixo amanqaku 14 ngokufutshane. Ziziphi iingongoma 14 Wilson? amanqaku Uhlalutyo 14 uWoodrow Wilson

amanqaku 14 Wilson kaThixo - oku ithisisi wenza umongameli 28 US. Bakha isiseko isivumelwano soxolo, injongo leyo ukuphelisa leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi.

Enye abongameli ezinkulu US

UWoodrow Wilson (1856-1924) yaba 28 nguMongameli we-USA. Lokuqala ixesha wobukumkani bakhe, weza kule minyaka 1916-1921, kwaqhutywa phantsi kwesigwagwiso "Wasindisa ukusuka imfazwe nathi." Wilson nqanda ngamandla inxaxheba US kwi leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Ngemizamo yakhe ukuphelisa imfazwe kunye nokusayinwa iSivumelwano Versailles ngowe-1919, Vudro Vilson imbasa Prize Nobel. Kodwa xa kuyimfuneko imisela ukuba iNdlu Yeengwevu US wala usiqinisekisile iSivumelwano of Versailles ngo-1919. Kwaye kwenzeka ukuba eneneni iingongoma 14 Wilson, ngokufutshane banikelwe 'charter woxolo ", ngokwenene ibe yigadi njengoko kuchaziwe kubo, yaye Devid Lloyd Dzhordzh (British Prime Minister) kunye Zhorzh Klemanso (French Prime Minister).

IKhadi loShishino Wilson

Le mbali enkulu kunye kwezenzululwazi yezopolitiko wahlala kwimemori yabantu ngenxa yokuba yena ngumdali we-Federal Reserve. Emva kwale yotshintsho esisiseko inkqubo karhulumente yelizwe imali US nje Federal Reserve Qaphela. Kwixesha elizayo, kuphela Dzhonom Kennedi iinzame ukushicilela imali entsha.

Kodwa kukho amaxwebhu aseleyo kwimbali njengoko nkqubo ikhadi. Umzekelo bekuya kuba intetho Fulton Churchill, aphawula ukuqala Cold War kunye eSoviet Union. 28 US umongameli kaJanuwari 8, 1918 wabhenela Congress kunye intetho apho echaza umbono wakhe emfazweni kunye neenjongo zawo. Lo mbuzo uye wahlala imbali edume iingongoma 14 Wilson. Enyanisweni, ukuba impendulo West kaThixo alwamkelekanga ngokupheleleyo ukuba Ndiwise uLenin phezu Peace. Onke amazwe babefuna uxolo, kodwa indlela kwingxaki wayekunye nabo bamchasa uYesu.

Ukusuka uxolo imfazwe

amanqaku Wilson ka-14 isekelwe kwinkolelo yokuba umyalelo ekhoyo ehlabathini, inkqubo akuthethi sihambelane inkoliso yabantu ehlabathini, yaye 'Ubuhlungu Bolshevism ", ilizwe imincili, akukho nto ngaphezu uqhankqalazo nxamnye nayo. Speech to Congress kusiwa kwikota yesibini kaMongameli. USA wathatha isigqibo sokuba bathathe inxaxheba emfazweni ngenxa yezizathu ezenzeka kuthiwa ingozi ngenxa lizwe. I-United States nge uMongameli wayo lowu kakuhle eli amanqaku 14 Wilson - inkqubo US of isisombululo soxolo, nokuba banalo ilungelo ukuseka umyalelo elitsha ihlabathi.

Umongo lokwenyaniso lolu xwebhu

Kodwa imibuso emikhulu yaseYurophu, ucinga "inkqubo uxolo" Inqatha, babeqinisekile ukuba injongo yokwenene eUnited States, "kumzabalazo uxolo" akagqubuthele - umnqweno lamaxesha kumagunya aphesheya ukuba abe yinkokeli zehlabathi ngokususa okhuphisana ngayo nayiphi na indlela. Xa iincwadi kwezopolitiko yiSoviet yale intetho kwathiwa ngokuba "oluyintshembenxa", kunye nenkcazo ncakasana kungqamane ngokoluvo abahlalutyi isiFrentshi, British. Bonke, yintoni amanqaku 14 Wilson - kukusekwa kwe-United States ezweni labo lobungqwangangqwili ezingaphezu kwe nokusetyenziswa ngempumelelo izigulo ezikhoyo amazwe asaxakeke leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi.

Intiyo, ukunakekelwa egqubuthele

Ukongeza, ubukomanisi iyadinga akukho elide ngeenxa eYurophu, wahamba yi ephala, yaye ingcamango uxolo nje kunye nokuphunyezwa yentando umdla kuye ngakumbi kunye nabaxhasi ngakumbi. 14 amanqaku Wilson kaThixo - Ukuzama ukuba athathe inyathelo ukusuka iiBolsheviks. Ukuba Russia wahlala komzila impiriyalizim, mhlawumbi kuya kubakho intetho konke konke. Kwaye nangona kumhlathi 6, iRussia, yabhengezwa ekukhululekeni Jamani zonke ezinabantu Russian kunye nokubonelela ilungelo lizwe lethu ukukhetha uphuhliso lwezopolitiko 'izizwe ngezizwe ezamahala "singabalelwa mntwini" ngezandla ezishushu "Russia nezikhundla zayo, olunye ungenelelo ngoncedo yi-US ngokuchasene Soviet republic wabonisa ngokucacileyo kwihlabathi imeko lokwenyaniso bemicimbi.

Kakuhle eli izinto zokuqala

uyilo lohanahaniso kuxwebhu ebizwa "14 Points of uWoodrow Wilson", kamva ke ixhaswa yimigaqo-4 kunye nohlaziyo 4, unako ukuqonda, zingene kuzo. Ngoko ke, yintoni na ubuntu babo? Le nto yokuqala zavakaliswa ngokuphandle ezibanzi iintetho uxolo. Nawuphi mfihlakalo, izivumelwano ezifihlakeleyo koorhulumente kunye nesivumelwano oonozakuzaku ukuba ngqongqo akuvumelekanga. Le kumhlathi wesibini inika ushishino mda maritime zombini ngamaxesha oxolo nemfazwe, ndandithingaza. Imeko yesithathu uxwebhu "14 Points of uWoodrow Wilson," kukuba ukuphelisa naziphi na imiqobo kunokwenzeka kurhwebo ngokulinganayo ngamazwe. Kakade ke, phakathi kwamazwe axhasayo uxolo.

Idealist okanye wamazwe?

Ingongoma yesine ngokubanzi wakhangela kwamnandi - izixhobo iyonke phakathi ukhuseleko lwesizwe. Ngoko nangoko kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ingcamango lokuqala jikelele kwezixhobo kwacetyiswa yi Nicholas II, hayi amaMelika, othe ngokobuninzi uncwadi yabo abantwana, kwaye babaleka baya emajukujukwini kuqala.

Ingongoma sesihlanu ubonelela ukutshatyalaliswa lwekoloniyalizim ngokwayo. LeSithandathu, azinikele eRashiya, oko kuchaziwe kwinqaku ngasentla.

ukuwa okunenjongo emphaya

kumhlathi Seventh ezichazwe inkululeko epheleleyo kunye nokubuyiselwa eBelgium. ukurhoxiswa yesibhozo ibhengeze lo msebenzi kuzo zonke imimandla isiFrentshi kwaye ukubuyiswa Alsace-Lorraine kuye, leyo Prussia kwiminyaka engama-50. Italy wabeka imida ecacileyo Yayikukuzinikela kumhlathi 9. m-10 ubonelela lokuzimela ebanzi kwizizwana Empire Austria-Hungarian. Not imyekile xwebhu kunye akwiiBalkan - nokukhululwa eRomania, Montenegro kunye Serbia owamiswayo kumhlathi 11. Kule-12, emva kokuwa Austria-Hungarian kokuwa koMbuso Ottoman, kwaye ikwanika iintlanga Inkululeko epheleleyo ebandakanyiweyo kuwo, kwaye idlulisele iDardanelles phantsi kolawulo ngamazwe. Ukudalwa a simahla kunye nezizimeleyo Poland owamiswayo kumhlathi 13.

indiva engokoqobo

Umgca yokugqibela yanikezelwa ekudaleni uluntu ngokulinganayo United Nations. Ngokusekelwe kule nkcazelo ingasentla, oko Kungaphikiswa ukuba i "14-Point Wilson" kufuneka ngokufutshane sichaze wokwenene njenge "somqulu woxolo." Unako sivuye baseMelika ukuba 28 umongameli wabo umlweli ibonwe uxolo kulo lonke ihlabathi, yaye kube waphumelela Prize Nobel. Yaye isibakala sokuba eBritani yayihlala ngoko ngeendleko of India, waza wakhululwa kuphela ngo-1936, yaye malunga naluphi Ukuwa kwinkqubo yobukoloniyali kunye intetho ayikwazanga - zokwenene ezo zinto azithathelwa ngqalelo.

Ukunyaniseka?

Kakade ke, umntu kumitha ukuba Vudro Vilson, ngokunyanisekileyo unqwenela ntsako, uxolo nempumelelo kweli lizwe, ukudala eyona iziphakamiso zabo esimnyama yenza isiseko iSivumelwano Versailles, ngokunyanisekileyo bekholelwa ukuba ilungile yaye zibe nokwenzeka. Nangona oku kwenzeke. Kodwa umhlobo wakhe, umcebisi abasenyongweni abancedisayo ku Colonel E. House, uxwebhu wathetha ngokuphandle xa izimvo zakhe, ezinzima kwaye mhle agxeke malunga ithuba ukuphunyezwa kwazo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba siyavuma ukuba emva kokuba ukungaphumeleli yeeNgwevu of iSivumelwano Versailles ekupheleni kwekota yesibini Wilson xa ijika umhlala-phantsi ukususela kwezopolitiko.

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Ngoko ke yintoni amanqaku 14 Wilson? Unako ukufunda kunye nezimvo nomdla kolu xwebhu, kubalelwa kuye, nkqu isiseko kwisigaba kwezopolitiko ngamazwe. Kwaye kutheni uxwebhu oluphawulekayo zange ozinzisiweyo yi-US Yeengwevu? Kunjalo, inkoliso abaphandi abasuka kumazwe awahlukeneyo bakholelwa ukuba "inkqubo uxolo 'ukuze sigubungele ngenkanuko United States ukuseka kubungangamsha yayo kwiipolitiki ngamazwe, yaye into nganye waphum xikongomelo xo karhi ukuba buthathaka abadlali kwamazwe ngamazwe, ezifana ne-UK, France, eJapan, Turkey, Italy.

Le nembangi enobuqhophololo Russia

Ukusekwa komyalelo kwihlabathi elitsha okanye kwihlabathi unipolar, apho elingabalamli uphambili ezindaweni onke amazwe eUnited States - kuphela ukuba ngqo amanqaku 14 Wilson kaThixo, uhlalutyo leyo ekhokelela ukuba kwisigqibo esinye: yona ukuba ibe ekufihleni nkqubo ndlongo States. Kufuneka umgaqo-nkqubo onjalo ngokuyintloko ngenxa uloyiso lomzabalazo wenguqu epheleleyo yobusoshiyali eRashiya.