UNikolay Gumilyov: biography. Ubuchule, Neminyaka yobomi, iifoto

Gumilev uNikolay Stepanovich wazalwa ngo-1886 e-Kronstadt. Utata wakhe ugqirha yomkhosi. Bonke ebuntwaneni bam UNikolai Gumilyov, ifoto eza thaca ngezantsi, eyayibanjelwe Tsarskoye Selo. Yena Wabufunda kwizikolo zikarhulumente ka St. Petersburg Tiflis. lokuqala imibongo imbongi yakhe Gumilev uNikolay wabhala kwiminyaka elishumi. Kuba ixesha lokuqala umsebenzi wakhe uye epapashwe kule magazini "sheet Tiflis" xa wayeneminyaka eli-16 ubudala.

UNikolai Gumilyov. biography

Kukuwa 1903, le ntsapho wabuyela Tsarskoye Selo. Kukho imbongi elizayo akugqiba uqeqesho esikolweni, umlawuli ogama Ann. Kukutshintsha kubomi Koli baqhelana imisebenzi Symbolists kunye ifilosofi Nietzsche. Kwakhona ngo-1903 imbongi elizayo edibana yesikolo Gorenko (kamva Akhmatova). Emva kokugqiba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ngowe-1906, UNikolai Gumilyov, engobomi uzele kakhulu kwezehlo kule minyaka izayo, waya eParis. E France, waya izifundo yaye wadibana nabameli kwimekobume zoncwadi yokuluka.

Ubomi emva kokuphela Izabelo

Ukuqokelelwa "La majoni Indlela" liye laba ibandla kushicilelo lokuqala, wakhululwa Gumilev uNikolay. A imbongi kwi zigaba yokuqala, ngandlel 'ithile, "ingqokelela ngamava yokuqala," leyo, Noko ke, sele wafumana imvakalozwi yayo, ndizilandile nje umfanekiso onesibindi, ombambazelayo, umnqobi ngazodwa. Ukuba kamva e France, nguye lizama ukukhupha iphephancwadi "Sirius". Amagumbi (emithathu yokuqala), imbongi ishicilelwa phantsi igama Anatoly Grant phantsi igama lakhe - UNikolai Gumilyov. Biography imbongi kwiminyaka ezayo umdla ethile. Kufuneka uthe, ngoxa eParis, wathumela imbalelwano izintlelo ezahlukeneyo: "Rus" phephandaba, "Early Morning", "Intsalela" lowu.

period abadala

Ngowe-1908 wakhulula ingqokelela yakhe yesibini, imisebenzi kuzo abazinikeleyo Gorenko ( "isihobe Romantic"). Ekubeni yaqala, kwaye ithuba aqolileyo kule mbongi. Bruce, badumisa incwadi yokuqala lombhali, wathi, hayi ngaphandle iziyolo, andibanga babechanile uqikelelo. "Izibongo Romantic" waba nomdla kakhulu ifomu, intle yaye inomkhitha. Ngasemthonjeni ka-1908 Gumilev wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe. ERashiya, kokuba eqhelene nabameli lemfundo ka St. Petersburg, umhlalutyi rhoqo uqalisa ivela kwihlelo lephephandaba of "Speech". Kamva, kwakhona Gumilyov iqala ukushicilela imisebenzi yabo.

Emva uhambo ukuya eMpuma

uhambo lokuqala ukuya eYiputa kwenzeka ekwindla 1908. Emva koko, Gumilev ababhalise uMthetho Faculty of neYunivesithi komkhulu, yaye kamva kudluliselwa History and Philology. Ukususela ngowe-1909 yena uqala esebenzayo njengoko omnye wabaququzeleli phephancwadi "Apollo". Kolu hlelo de 1917. Ngako oko ke, iinguqulelo kunye nemibongo kuprintwe, kwakunye kwiikholam. Bright ngokwaneleyo Gumilyov kwiirivyu bakhe kusibonisa inkqubo zoncwadi ishumi leminyaka yokuqala kwinkulungwane yama-20. Ekupheleni kuka-1909 washiya iinyanga ezimbalwa Abyssinia, kwaye ekubuyeni kwakhe wapapasha incwadi, "Pearl."

Life ngo-1911

"Thenga Iimbongi" ekwindla ka-1911 iye yasekwa, nto leyo eye walibonakalisa ukuzimela yalo ukusuka nemifuziselo ukudala inkqubo yakhe kubuhle. "I Wolahleko uNyana" ENU ingqalelo Acmeist kumbongo yokuqala. Kuye ifakiwe yingqokelela ka 1912 "Alien Sky". Ngexesha umbhali sele ngokuqinileyo igama "Syndic", "Nkosi", enye yezona elibalulekileyo ziimbongi yelo xesha. Ngowe-1913 Gumilev waya kwisiqingatha sonyaka e-Afrika. Ekuqaleni yokuQala yeHlabathi Imbongi ngokuzithandela ukuba ngaphambili. Ngowe-1915, i "cavalryman Notes" yapapashwa, nengqokelela "zomphongolo". Kwangaxesha nye, epapashwe imisebenzi yakhe eshicilelweyo "Gondla", "Mntwana kaThixo". Noko ke, eqale yafika izwe uya kudlula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ileta ngasese, ke wavuma ukuba yena, lwezobugcisa ngasentla Afrika, kunye imfazwe. Ngowe-1918 Gumilev ifikelela dispatch yayo njengenxalenye Hussars kwi umkhosi, kodwa uhlala eLondon yaye Paris phambi entlakohlaza. Emva konyaka omnye eRashiya, umbhali uqalisa ukusebenza ngumguquleli, elungiselela amaqhawe kaGilgamesh, imibongo le IsiNgesi kunye iimbongi French of "World Literature". Incwadi "iNtsika yoMlilo" yaba ngulowo wokugqibela wakhululwa UNikolai Gumilyov. Biography imbongi baphela ukubanjwa nokubulawa ngo-1921.

Inkcazelo emfutshane ngemisebenzi

Gumilyov wajoyina uncwadi yiSoviet njengento Imbongi ngogesi symbolist Valery Bryusov. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba mhaka utitshala wakhe Innokentiy Annensky. Le mbongi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, uMlawuli omnye kwizikolo eziphakamileyo (in Tsarskoye Selo), apho wafunda Gumilyov. Lo mxholo yemisebenzi yakhe yaba ingcamango obudoda ukuzoyisa. Hero Gumilyov - strong-nkani, iqhawe. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, imibongo yakhe ibe ngaphantsi exotic. Kulo mzekelo, bumnandi umbhali ukuze ubuntu obungaqhelekanga kwaye womelele ihleli. Gumilev bakholwa ukuba abantu abanjalo ukuba zingaxelwanga ngenxa eziqhelekileyo, ubomi bemihla ngemihla. Kwaye uzifumanisa efanayo. Lidla kakhulu, yaye ngokufuthi ecinga ngokufa kwakhe, umbhali njalo ngendlela halo ubuqhawe:

Kwaye mna ndiza kufa ebhedini
Xa izivumelwano kunye nogqirha,
Kwaye kwezinye umsantsa zasendle,
Batshoniswe ivy yesithokothoko.

Uthando nefilosofi kule vesi kamva

Bekuthi yemisebenzi yakhe Gumilev iye phantsi iimvakalelo. ubuntu bakhe eluthandweni lyric kuthatha i jonga eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Yena inokuba inkosazana evela sentsomi, othanda edume odumileyo wabe fantastic queen zaseYiputa. A kwilayini eyahlulweyo acande umbongo ngobugcisa bakhe Akhmatova. Naye ahlanganiswa kakhulu obungalinganiyo, ulwalamano ezintsonkothileyo, ufanelwe iyelenqe yabo inoveli ( "Yena", "Ukususela den Zmiyov", "Tamer Animals" njalo njalo.). izibongo ngasekupheleni Gumilyov imeliye predilection umbhali ukuze ngezihloko bulumko. Ngelo xesha, ehlala Petrograd esibi kwaye belambile, imbongi wawusebenza kwi kumagumbi kwendalo wamagcisa aselula, bona i uhlobo izithixo kunye notitshala. Ngelo xesha, ukususela lulusiba Gumilyov ezinye yemisebenzi yakhe emihle, ezele iingxoxo malunga bayahlelwa Russia, ubomi babantu, injongo ( "Lost esiporweni", "I leSithandathu Sense", "Inkumbulo", "abafundi yam," njalo-njalo).