Francesco Petrarca: engobomi, imihla kunye neziganeko ezingundoqo, ubuchule

Ihlabathi liphela uyazi ukuba sonnets ezinkulu Italian. Francesco Petrarca, umbhali zabo, imbongi Italian entle sezifundo kwinkulungwane XIV, waye waduma kwizigaba kunye ubuchule babo. Yiloo ngayo kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kweli nqaku. Sithetha ngobomi, ubuchule kunye nothando ibali Petrarch.

Francesco Petrarca: biography

Eyazalelwa kuyo imbongi enkulu e Arezzo (Italy) ngo-1304, ngomhla we-20 Julayi. Uyise - Pietro di Ser Parenzo Petrakko igama, yaba izivumelwano sale. Noko ke, ukususela Florence, wagxothwa phambi kokuzalwa unyana wakhe, kuba iqela inkxaso i "white". Lona bahlukunyezwa yi wabe. Kodwa Arezzo usapho ohambahambayo Petrarca ukuba sele iphelile. Abazali imbongi Badinga kwizixeko Tuscany, Asikabi isigqibo ukuya Avignon. Xa Francesco wayeneminyaka elithoba ubudala.

uqeqesho

E France, ngaloo minyaka ibiyimini esikolweni, omnye kubo, benza Francesco Petrarca. Biography imbongi iyavuma ukuba ngexesha izifundo zakhe, yena yoncutshe Latin zifunyanwe uthando iincwadi yamaRoma. Petrarch wagqiba esikolweni ngo-1319, yaye le ukunyanzelisa kayise Nathwala isifundo komthetho. Ukuze wenze oku, waya Montpellier yaye emva koko kwi-University of Bologna, apho wahlala de 1326 - ngelo xesha wafa uyise. Noko ke, lo mthetho ungenamdla Francesco. Wafundisa indawo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo - iincwadi zakudala.

Kwaye emva kokuphumelela yunivesithi, imbongi elizayo, kunokuba ukuya amagqwetha ndaya kubabingeleli. Oku ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemali - imbali kuyise wamkela imisebenzi wesandla Virgil.

enkantolo kweqiwa

Francesco Petrarca (biography of oboniswe apha) luhlala entendelezweni Avignon Pope kwaye uyamkela umiselwa. Apha esondela kunye enamandla Colonna usapho Bulelani ubuhlobo eyunivesithi kunye elinye lamalungu ayo Giacomo.

Ngowe-1327 Petrarch kuqala wabona indlovukazi yakhe elizayo Laura, nto leyo eya kuba Ndithelekelele ubomi bakhe bonke. Iimvakalelo kuba intombazana waba ngomnye eziliqela izizathu zokususwa imbongi e Vaucluse Avignon.

Petrarch ithathwa wokuqala, lowo waya uyincopho Mont Ventoux. Enyukayo kwenzeka Aprili 26, 1336. Uhambo azenzileyo nomzalwana wakhe.

nodumo loncwadi kunye ukusekelwa emzalwaneni Colonna Petrarch wanceda ukufumana indlu entlanjeni Sorgue River. Apha imbongi babephila ezingama-16.

ngowakhe umqhele

Ngelo xesha, ngenxa imisebenzi yakhe zoncwadi (ingakumbi sonnets eziphawulekayo) Francesco Petrarch abe nendumasi. Kulo mba, wamenywa ukuba athathe isidanga ngowakhe (imbasa eliphezulu imbongi) evela Naples, eParis neRoma. Le mbongi ukhethe eRoma, yaye ngo-1341 ebekwe kwi Capitol.

Emva koko Francesco wayephila malunga nonyaka kwinkundla Parma nguzwilakhe Atstso Correggio, waza wabuyela Vaucluse. Lonke eli xesha le imbongi waphupha malunga ukuvuselela yobukhulu yangaphambili baseRoma, ngoko waqalisa ukushumayela imvukelo waseRoma Republic. iimbono ezinjalo yezopolitiko okonakalisa ubuhlobo bakhe thanga, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni kwenye eItali.

New Pope Innocent VI

Francesco Petrarca ubomi mzuzu wokuzalwa, kwaye phantse de afe izele uhambo kunye uhambo. Ngoko ke, ngo-1344 yaye kwiminyaka 1347. imbongi wenza uhambo olude ukuya eItali, okunyusileyo kuye a lot of kwabazana, inkoliso yawo eyaphelela ngayo ubuhlobo. Phakathi kwezi bahlobo Italian Ndajika ke Boccaccio.

Ngowe-1353, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahambe Vaucluse Franchesko Petrarka. Iincwadi wembongi Virgil nangomdla kwabangela sengqondo kwabathile uPopu VI entsha Innocent.

Nakuba kunjalo, iSebe Petrarch Florence iSebe ukuba anikele, ukusuka apho imbongi, Noko ke, wala. Wakhetha ukuya Milan, apho ke wathatha indawo yakhe enkundleni Visconti, performing namagqiza ozakuzo. Ngeli xesha ke watyelela nkqu Charles IV ePrague.

ukufa imbongi xa

KwiSiza1361 yabalasela umzamo Petrarch ukuba babuyele Avignon, leyo aluphumelelanga. Ngoko ke imbongi wemka Milan yaye ngo-1362 wazinza Venice. Apha owayehlala nentombi yakhe Umgqakhwe kunye nentsapho yakhe.

Petrarch evela yaseVenice phantse wonke unyaka waya eItali ukuba ahambe. Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe imbongi owayehlala kwinkundla Francesco da Carrara. Petrarch wafa kwilali Arkva ebusuku-18 ukuya kwi-19 Julayi 1374. Imbongi akazange aphile ukubona wakhe wokuzalwa wama-70 ngosuku olunye. Bamfumana kusasa. Yena uhleli etafileni, wazolula phezu-ngqangi, nto leyo ichaza ubomi kaKesare.

periodization bobuchule

Waphila ubomi ivamile futhi umdla Francesco Petrarca (biography imbongi usiyekile ukuqinisekisa oku). Akukho yonke into elula kunye nobuchule zombhali. Ngenxa yoko, imisebenzi zoncwadi ka Petrarch zahlulwe iinxalenye ezimbini: iindidi imisebenzi Latin kunye nemibongo Italian. imisebenzi nesiLatini eyayibaluleke kakhulu ezimbalini, lo gama imibongo in Italian wenza umbhali edumileyo.

Nangona imbongi wathabatha imibongo yakhe nje ububhanxa kunye zochuku, leyo kwabalelwa kuye, akubhalwanga ukupapashwa, kodwa kuphela ukwenzela ukuba kube lula intliziyo imbongi yakhe. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto ubunzulu, ukunyaniseka kunye kokusebenziseka of sonnets lombhali Italian waba negalelo elikhulu nje kuphela bexesha lakhe, kodwa kwizizukulwana ezilandelayo.

Petrarch and Laura

Ngomhla uthando ebomini Petrarch yaye waphefumlela ukuba ukudala Ndithelekelele enkulu kuye kwafika kubo bonke abathandi yemibongo. Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi malunga ayikho kakhulu kunene.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba okokuqala wabona intombazana Aprili 6, 1327 kulo ibandla Santa Chiara. Laura Ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka engama-20 ubudala, yaye ngoko ke iminyaka 23.

Ngelishwa, akukho bungqina yembali malunga nokuba babeqhelene, nokuba intombi Uphendule nobubele umbhali, ngubani ubomi bakhe bonke zigcinwe zam entliziyweni neengcinga umfanekiso ukukhanya s'thandwa segolide-iinwele. Kunjalo, Petrarch kunye uLaura, kwanokuba iimvakalelo zabo efanayo, ayikwazanga zibe ndawonye, njengoko imbongi iye yanxulunyaniswa isidima yobufundisi. A abefundisi abanalo ilungelo lokutshata babe nabantwana.

Ukususela Kwintlanganiso yayo yokuqala kwiminyaka emithathu Francesco wayehlala Avignon, ukucula uthando lwakhe Laura. Ngelo xesha ke walinga ukubonana naye ebandleni kwiindawo apho yena wahamba. Musa ukulibala ukuba Laura waba nentsapho, umyeni nabantwana. Noko ke, ezo iimeko akukho ndlela ukuphazamisa imbongi, kuba isithunywa oyintanda wabonakala kuye esenyameni.

Intlanganiso yokugqibela, kwaye nokufa Laura

Ngokutsho iingxelo iincwadi, Petrarch wagcina ukubonakala wakhe othandekayo-27 Septemba 1347. Neenyanga ezintandathu kamva, ngoAprili 1348, wafa kabuhlungu umfazi. Isizathu lokufa kwakhe yaqhubeka ingaziwa. Petrarch wayengafuni ukuba nazigqibo kokufa intanda yakhe, kunye nemibongo ezininzi ezibhaliweyo emva kokufa uLaura zidla ngokubizwa kuye njengento ephilayo.

Ingqokelela sonnets abekelwe kuye "Kantsonere" Petrarch yahlulwe kabini: ". Ukufa uLaura" "ebomini" yaye

Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe imbongi wabhala ukuba bafuna izinto ezimbini kuphela ebomini bam - uLaura uLaura, oko kukuthi uzuko nothando. Ke ukuba udumo beza kuye ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi, ukuba wayenethemba ukufumana uthando emva kokufa, koko uxhume ngonaphakade kunye Laura.

Iimpawu bobuchule kunye nomzabalazo ngokomoya

Le yingqokelela "Kantsonere" Le ndawo kunye nendima imbongi kwi ncwadi Italian kunye nehlabathi. Petrarch, imibongo bawo bebone wokwenene ngexesha lakhe, okokuqala wadala uhlobo lobugcisa ukulungiselela imisebenzi Italian ombambazelayo - Umbhali umbongo okokuqala baba imbali iimvakalelo ngamnye engaphakathi. Inzala ke ubomi yangaphakathi yaba isiseko yonke ingqondo Petrarch yaye wazimisela indima yayo enkulu humanistic.

Le misebenzi iquka angobomi ezimbini Petrarch. Okokuqala, engagqitywanga, kukho umyalezo ifomu inzala kwaye ixelela ngaphandle yobomi yombhali. Okwesibini, ukuba ifomu yesincoko phakathi Petrarch kunye eSt Augustine, ichaza ubomi yangaphakathi kunye nomzabalazo yokuziphatha umphefumlo imbongi yakhe.

Isiseko sale impi umzabalazo phakathi yokuziphatha uyazidela yeCawa kunye neminqweno lobuqu Petrarch. Phantsi kwale mvelaphi umdla neqondakalayo imbongi kwimiba yokuziphatha, ibonisa apho wachitha iiyure ezine: .. "Kwi nexesha lokuphola emishini", "Xa ubomi sodwa," njl Noko ke, siphikisana Augustine, eyikhusela-zonqulo uyazidela bulumko, ogqiba humanistic Petrarch awujonga ngayo ihlabathi.

Nebandla

Yena uzama ayicamagushele imfundiso ecaweni yoncwadi lwamandulo Petrarch. Imibongo, Kakade ke, akukho nto yakwenza nonqulo okanye ukuzila, ke imbongi yakwazi ukuhlala yamaKatolika. Oku kuqinisekiswa inani ezinde, kunye nembalelwano kunye nabahlobo. Ukongeza, Petrarch wamelana ngamandla scholastics kunye nabefundisi ixesha lakhe.

Umzekelo, "Iincwadi ngaphandle idilesi" bazaliswa sihlaselwa satirical kwaye elibukhali kakhulu nxamnye isimilo eyonakele capital loopopu. Lo msebenzi iqulathe iinxalenye 4, zabhekiswa kubantu ezahlukeneyo - zombini wokwenene etsomo.

ukugxekwa

Francesco Petrarca, umsebenzi wakhe elingafaniyo kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu zombini ibandla owayephila kunye noncwadi yamandulo. Le meko ibonisa ukuba imbongi laphuhliswa kakhulu self-Eyokuqiqa. Imizekelo ezo misebenzi, apho wabonisa ulwalamano efanayo kulo ihlabathi, zezi zilandelayo: inyathelo nxamnye gqirha, lowo wabeka inzululwazi ngaphezu bubuciko nemibongo; ukusebenza ngokuchasene mfundisi, lowo kwangaphambili ukubuya uPopu Urban V eRoma; kuthelekiswa omnye mfundisi, abagxeka kanye imisebenzi Petrarch.

Ukugxekwa imbongi ezinxulumene iingxaki zokuziphatha, kwaye kananjalo afumaneka kwiincwadi zakhe zembali. Umzekelo, e-De rebus memorandis libri IV - ukuqokelelwa anecdotes (amabali) kunye neengxelo aye abolekwe kwiLatini kunye nababhali mihla. zicwangciswe La mazwi ngokwezi zihlokwana zokuziphatha, ezibe, umzekelo, amagama afana: "Owu Ubulumko," "Kwi wabucala", "On Ukholo" njalo njalo.

ukubaluleka olululo ngokuba umlobi wendaba Petrarch na imbalelwano elikhulu wembongi. Uninzi lwezi ncwadi, enyanisweni, ama phezu kwezopolitiko kunye nokuziphatha, nabanye abafana amanqaku journalistic. Yobeka phi abalulekileyo intetho zombhali, nto leyo awayenza kwimibhiyozo ezahlukeneyo.

"Canzoniere" ( "Book of Iingoma")

Njengoko imbongi Francesco Petrarch baba wabulela edumileyo imifanekiso yakhe "Canzoniere", leyo ikhankanywe ngasentla. Le ncwadi kwanikezelwa uthando imbongi ukuze Laura. Ingqokelela sibandakanya zizonke sonnets 350, apho 317 babephuma inxalenye "Xa ubomi nokufa Madonna Laura." Iminyaka emashumi mane, Petrarch sonnets sungula ku intanda yakhe.

Xa imisebenzi yakhe ombambazelayo of Francesco bayazithanda ubunyulu wasezulwini nenkangeleko ziingelosi Laura. Oku imbongi xa ezifanelekileyo magingxigingxi yaye kunzima. umphefumlo wakhe kuthelekiswa ikhwezi eliqaqambileyo. Kuwo wonke lo Petrarca uyakwazi ukuchaza Laura njengokuba umfazi wokwenene, hayi kuphela umfanekiso efanelekileyo.

Kuba era yayo Franchesko Petrarka waba ngowokuqala abaqala ukucula ubukhulu kunye nobuhle umntu, ukunikela ingqalelo kuphela kwimbonakalo kodwa iimpawu zobuqu. Ukongeza, imbongi ngomnye wabaseki zobuntu njenge indalo umxholo okanye indlela acinga ngayo. Ngaphambi Petrarch art isimbonono aphakathi iimpawu kuphela indoda enomoya, nguThixo yaye wasezulwini, yaye kwabonakala umkhonzi kaThixo abangafezekanga ukusondela kuye.