Sofia Parnok. imbongi Russian kunye ngumguquleli. Umbhalo, ubuchule

Sofia Parnok - imbongi zinetalente ngumguquleli. Ibizwa ngokuba Russian Sappho (Sappho) - kuba nguye kuphela yonke kwisithuba eSoviet ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo ngothando lesbian. Yinto eyaziwa ngokubanzi kwaye esikhanyayo evela kumacala ahlukeneyo ulwalamano yayo kunye Marina Tsvetaeva. Last - kwandisa ngakumbi yimbongi, lo gama Parnok na enasilela kuye akukho italente, akukho sibaluleke iincwadi Russian. Bobabini, imbongi ye-Silver Age, nto leyo washiya eninzi ingcaciso engabo buqu - bangumnikelo abantwana. Sofia Yakovlevna kuzichaza kuphela babeziindleko eRashiya. A lot of oku kube negalelo le ncwadi Diana Lewis Burgin "Sofia Parnok. Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Russian Sappho '.

ulwazi olusisiseko

Sofiya Yakovlevna Parnok, igama lokwenyani leyo elizongomayo Parnoh, wazalwa ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, inani-11, ngo-1885 (njengoko kwikhalenda endala - Julayi 30). Idolophu imbongi - saseTaganrog. uyise Sofia kaThixo, Yakov Solomonovich, owned ekhemisi, apho yena ngokwakhe wayesebenza wemithi. Waba isihloko ummi Wawongwa umzi. Alexander Abramovna, unina Sophia, ngokuthi umsebenzi nezemisebenzi yobizo wayengugqirha, yena ikuluhlu sizukulwana sokuqala koogqirha ababhinqileyo eRashiya. Parnoh ntsapho nempumelelo, ngaphandle, yaba yinxalenye elite yenkcubeko neengqondi kweso sixeko. Ayimangalisi into yokuba bonke oonyana bakaYakobi kunye Alexandra Solomonovicha Abramovna kwasekwa ngokugqibeleleyo - ukuqalela kwimfundo yabantwana yasekuqaleni bona wayedlala umculo, ekuqaleni bafunda ukufunda, wafunda iilwimi ezimbini zangaphandle (German kunye French). Ukongezelela Heroine wethu, nempumelelo entsimini enobuchule yafikelela umnakwabo kunye nodadewabo (Valentin Parnoh kunye Elizaveta Tarahovskaya). Yena waba umzobo zomculo yokuqala eyaziwayo, oluguqulelweyo wabhala umbongo wakhe. Elizaveta Tarahovskaya Kanjalo oku kwaziwa njenge yimbongi. Sofia Parnok, ke, kungekudala wabonisa italente yakhe zoncwadi - indinyana yokuqala ndikubhale emva kweminyaka emithandathu.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Gemini, Valentin kunye Lizaveta wawusemncinane ngaphezu udade wabo omdala, Sophia, iminyaka elishumi. Nokuzalwa ezihambisana Parnoh intlekele lwentsapho - silinike ubomi abantwana babo, Alexander Abramovna wafa zokubeleka. Bawo, engafuni ukuba abe yedwa, emva kwexesha ekubeni umtshato yesibini watshata umphathi. Imiphumela - wedwa kunye obandayo neentlobano zokwazana intombi enkulu. Ekubeni ubomi endlwini yakhe lweenkobe baseTaganrog, waba ukuba Nozipho Parnok umthwalo.

ukubunjwa

Ngowe-1894, i Parnok oselula ababhalise yooMama saseTaganrog Marian yokuzilolonga. 1900 kwaphawula ukuqala yokubhala inani elikhulu zemibongo - umgca ngqo kunye umphandle Sofia abhalwe kule ncwadi, abaninzi kubo baye basinda. Bangenisa ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga izibongo Parnok elo xesha. Ngowe-1903 uye waphumelela esikolweni iimbeko, sisamkela imbasa yegolide ngenxa impumelelo yabo. Kunyaka olandelayo Sofia Yakovlevna wanikezela Geneva Conservatory, ekuthe imbongi ukudlalwa ngokugqibeleleyo ipiyano, Noko ke, xa imvumi akazange aye.

Sofia Parnok wabuya eSwitzerland eRashiya ngenjongo ukuba baqhubeke nezifundo zabo. Hlala St. Petersburg, apho wayehlala umalume wakhe, Parnok kwaye wazama ukuqhubeka nemfundo yakhe zomculo, kodwa, akuba safunda kwi Conservatory komzi ixesha elifutshane, ndaqonda ukuba umculo ukwenza professional hayi ngenxa yakhe, washiya le sikolo ngo-1905. Wayeganene kwakhona kwizifundo Bestuzhev yooMama Higher, kodwa ukukhethwa kwayo le Faculty of Law and awukagqitywa.

indalo

Noxa kunjalo, loo uthando iincwadi Parnok? Sofia Yakovlevna iinguqulelo ezininzi ukusuka isiFrentshi, wabhala imizobo kunye caricatures, kunye eGeneva ndivuke oko waphefumlelwa ukuba abhale kumjikelo wokuqala lwemibongo - kulapho wadibana Nadezhda Pavlovna Polyakov. Iingoma ezipheleleyo Sofia Parnok, isimiso, kukho kwakugcwele kakuhle uthando kumfazi, notyekelo waqonda kwangoko yaye akazange abagatye kuyo.

Imbongi print ekuqaleni ngo-1906. Bt saqala inqaku lakhe "Ubutyebi Russian" yaye "namanqaku emantla" (epapashwe ngo-1913 phantsi igama Andrew Polyanina, wabhala amanqaku abalulekileyo).

Ngo-1910 Parnok udumo kwizangqa uncwadi liye lakhula laya kufikelela kwinqanaba ukuba "amarhe Russian," yena intsebenziswano ngokusisigxina. kanye imbongi baphila eMoscow.

Ngowe-1916 kwafika yokuqokelela yokuqala yemibongo Sofia Yakovlevna Parnok ebizwa prosaic ( "Imibongo").

Emva kokuba revolution 1917, imbongi waya Pike, kodwa wabuyela eMoscow 20 ekuseni kwaye likhuphe iingqokelela ezine izibongo (1922-1928.).

Ngowe-1930, i-opera leyo kudlalwa mdlalo yakhe vozymevshaya impumelelo enkulu.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, Sofia Parnok, ezifana abaninzi ngelo xesha, waba transfers kuphazamiseka.

impilo Personal

Nangona ulwazi yokuqala yokuqhelaniswa nezifundo zabo, Russian Sappho ngowe-1907 watshata VM Volkshteyna. Mhlawumbi isizathu sokuba oku imeko enzima zemali - uyise, kuba okunoneleyo kunye izifundo nentombi yakhe, sele uphelile Parnok imali. Kodwa kwiminyaka emibini kamva umtshato yachitheka. Sofia engekakwazi ukuthanda umyeni wakhe, ngaphandle, njengoko kanti, niyinike abantwana abakwazanga.

Xa siphila e St. Petersburg, Parnok wayeqhelene phambili amanani zoncwadi ngelo xesha, kuquka Alexander Blok kwaye ngelo xesha a Anna Akhmatova omncinane-yaziwa. Abanye kubo abahlobo bakhe abasondeleyo kubo bonke ubomi babo, ezifana Maximilian Voloshin.

Marina Tsvetaeva Sofia Parnok

Relations phakathi iimbongi ezimbini abaziwayo nangoku umdla biographers kunye abayithandayo imisebenzi yabo.

October 16, 1914 kwenye wokuhlwa zoncwadi wadibana le mimoya ezihlobene ezimbini. romance ngazo kanye kwiminyaka emibini - de ebusika buka 1916. ulonwabo lwabo enkulu imfazwe ngesiquphe, ngokungathi kwangaphambili waprofeta ntlekele - bobabini bavakalelwa ukuba kufuneka bahambe kungekudala. Kodwa ke wayeza kuba yintoni na iinoveli okanye cheerleader Sofia Parnok (biography usixelela, umzekelo, malunga Nine Vedeneevoy, uthando lwakhe lokugqibela), Marina Tsvetaeva washiya, azafunyanelwa ndawo nzulu kwinkumbulo yakhe kunye nomsebenzi wakhe.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Agasti 26, 1933 kwidolophana Sofia Yakovlev wabulawa yintliziyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, akazange nokubhala, ningashukunyiswa nimke izangqa zoncwadi. Funeral Parnok baba Lefertovo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Boris Pasternak wayekho. Tsvetaeva, phezu njengoqinisekiso yayo, ubunzima ukufa a owayeyintombi kunokuba lingenandaba.