Stock Exchange kwaye imbali imbonakalo yazo

Stock Exchange i uhlobo kunaniselwano esibonelela ngeenkonzo isitokhwe zorhwebo, bonds kunye nezinye izibambiso. Kwakhona zinika iimeko nokubekwa zithengwe lwamaphepha equity kunye nezinye izixhobo zemali, nokuba intlawulo yomvuzo kunye nezabelo.

Naluphi na utshintshiselwano kufuneka zibhalwe ngendlela. Ngaphambili, baye kwindawo kakhulu Kumaziko imizi emikhulu, kodwa namhlanje yorhwebo iya isiba ngaphantsi ezinxulumene kwindawo ebonakalayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwakukho iimarike amaninzi namhlanje uthungelwano elektroniki, nto leyo banamalungelo ngokwemiqathango isantya kwaye sehlise iindleko kwiintengiselwano. Ukuze isebenze i-istock market ifumanekileyo, kufuneka ube lilungu.

Market izibambiso wathabatha iinkulungwane, ukwenzela ukuba ikwazi ukuqulunqa zibe kwimeko yanamhlanje. Ingcamango ngokuthatha imali kungena ematyaleni lisukela emva mandulo, njengoko oko kungqinwa nkqu amacwecwe odongwe eMesopotamiya kunye iirekhodi mboleko umdla-langa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izimvo izazi zahlulwe ukuba xa eqala nokurhweba ngezabelo corporate. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba isiganeko yaba sisiseko Dutch East India Company ngo-1602, lo gama abanye bathi kwimisitho ngaphambili.

Umzekelo, kwi yamaRoma Republic, owayekho eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba isibhengezo ubukhosi kwenzeka societates publicanorum - lombutho iikontraki okanye abahlala abasigcinayo ukwakhiwa iitempile kunye nezinye iinkonzo zikarhulumente. Enye nkonzo wayesalusa ngamarhanisi kwi Capitol Hill (njengomvuzo, okt. To. Ezi ntaka izandi walumkisa namaRoma kuhlasela mbobo ngowama-390 BC. E.). Amalungu le mibutho sezabelo, eli leyo wachaza laseburhulumenteni kwaye neciko uCicero. Ezi "exchange kwemfuyo" (okanye mandithi AMAGQABAZA ▸ zamandulo) ziye zasishiya ebudeni bolawulo yoMlawuli, njengoko inkoliso asethi zidluliselwe kurhulumente.

Bonds kokuhlawulwa okokuqala Wabonakala izixeko Italian kumaXesha Aphakathi kwexesha nasekuqaleni le Renaissance. Ngowe-1171, abasemagunyeni ye yelo Republic, bakhathazekile malunga yokugcina ubuncwane uyaphela, baqalisa ukwenza mboleko ngetshova zabemi. Iintlawulo ezinjalo, eyaziwa ngokuba Prestiti, ube ukuqola elingenammiselo kunye imbuyekezo wathembisa-mali ka-5 ekhulwini yemali kulo nyaka. Ekuqaleni, babonakala enobukhwele, kodwa kamva weza ithatyathwa njenge investment exabiso anokuphinda baze bathengiswe. Imarike bond sele uqalile ukukhula.

Njengoko kunjalo kunye yokugqibela, iimarike zesitokhwe ekhulisa ngokuthe ngcembe. Malunga izivumelwano intsebenziswano malunga ukwahlulwa kwepropati malunga izabelo, ngokufuthi okhankanywe ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-13, kwakhona kakhulu Italy. Noko ke, izivumelwano ezinjalo ngokubanzi isicelo kuphela iqela elincinane labantu yaye waqukumbela ixesha elifutshane, umzekelo, ngalinye uhambo.

Ekugqibeleni Ezi ezintsha zorhwebo bafudukela evela eItali ukuya Northern Europe. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-16, abarhwebi IsiNgesi wayesele ubambisene inkampani, yenzelwe ukusebenza isigxina. Ngenkulungwane ye-18 ii-stock ayikho eyahlukileyo kakhulu ukususela namhlanje.

Sinokholo yale mibutho kukuba akukho mfuneko enkulu inkcitho eyinkunzi ukutyala ezitokisini. Inika ithuba elilinganayo nokutyala abatyali ezinkulu nezincinci - umntu othenga inani lezabelo nto leyo ukuzihlawula. Ngaphezu koko, namhlanje kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezi nkampani - lwemali kunye Stock Exchange, bazisebenzise, etc ...