Umsebenzi nokuba isigqeba yethishyu epithelial. Indlela emayenziwe ngayo inyama epithelial kunye nokuqina

Ilaphu - iseti iiseli kunye nempahla intercellular. It inemisebenzi eqhelekileyo ngesakhiwo owenza umsebenzi ofanayo. Xa umzimba ntlobo ezine kwithishyu: epithelial, luvo, kwimisipha nokuqina.

Ubume be-epithelial izihlunu kunye nezilwanyana yabangela, kuqala kwiinto zonke, kwasendaweni yayo. inyama Epithelial yi umaleko umda iiseli olunga- phakathi integuments umzimba, kwiinwebu izibilini ukuqanda. Kwakhona, into eninzi yentsimbi emzimbeni usenziwa epithelium.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

Ubume izihlunu epithelial na inani lemisebenzi esemqoka kuphela epithelium azalwa. Eyona iphambili kukuba laphu ngokwayo ngokohlobo maleko eliqhubekekayo iiseli ukuba xa ukunxibelelana nabanye.

Epithelium olunga- zonke iindawo emzimbeni, na uhlobo lwe ukuyilwa, kanti esibindini, injeke, lengqula, kwamadlala amathe, kwaye abanye oko Sisihloko iiseli. Kwimeko yokuqala ibekwe encotsheni inwebu ongaphantsi olwahlula epithelium ukusuka kwizicwili. Kodwa ke kukho iimeko, xa isakhiwo yethishyu epithelial kunye nokuqina kubonwa kwimeko ngokuzibandakanya kwabo. Ngokukodwa, kwinkqubo emithanjeni, lo alternation iiseli zomzimba epithelial kunye nokuqina. Olu hlobo epithelium kuthiwa Nedlac.

High okungenisa umthamo - yenye inkalo le epithelium.

iiseli Polar ka nyama, nto leyo ibangwa umahluko kwimimandla carcinomas apical lweziko cell.

Ubume izihlunu epithelial kubangelwa ubukhulu becala endaweni yaso umda, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, yenza epithelium ilikhonkco ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokutshintsha. Le esikule libandakanyeka kukufakwa izondlo ukusuka emathunjini egazini kunye nkovu, ukungcola umchamo ngokusebenzisa epithelia wezintso kwaye njalo. On. Nawe ke asingekhe silibale ngayo zikhusela, nto leyo ukukhusela izicwili zezihlunwana eziphuma kwimiphumo umonakalo.

Indlela esakhiwe ngayo umbandela uyila inwebu elingaphantsi, ibonisa ukuba iqulethe isixa esikhulu mucopolysaccharides, kwakunye uthungelwano fibrils emihle.

Njengoko wabeka izihlunu epithelial?

Iimpawu ngesakhiwo yethishyu epithelial kwezilwanyana nabantu ikakhulu isuke kukuba uphuhliso yayo kusiwa kuzo zonke zontathu layers lwegciwane. Lo msebenzi osemqoka uphawu kuphela kule hlobo kwilaphu. Ectoderm bangela epithelium eluswini, kwisisu ngomlomo, inxalenye enkulu emphinjeni, inwebu; endoderm - le epithelium nesiqephu zesisu; kunye mesoderm - le epithelium amalungu wokuchama nemisipha serous.

Kuphuhliso osandul iqala ukwenza kwi zigaba zokuqala. Ekubeni kwe imali eyaneleyo izihlunu placental epithelial, kuba iqela kunaniselwano kwezinto phakathi unina kunye engekazalwa.

Ukugcina ingqibelelo iiseli epithelial

Ukusebenzisana kweeseli ezingabamelwane ukwakheka kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ubukho desmosomes. Esi sakhiwo ezininzi ezizodwa ubukhulu submicroscopic, enamakhulu iziqingatha ezibini. Ngamnye kubo, ukuqina kwiindawo ezithile, eyayikuyo iindawo ezikufutshane weeseli angabamelwane. Umsantsa noqhoqhoqho-ezifana phakathi iihafu of desmosomes yi ezinekhabhohayidrethi ziyenzeka kweziyobisi.

Kwiimeko apho izithuba intercellular avulekela, desmosomes zisendaweni eziphelweni ejongene kukho icytoplasm equmbile ukuqhagamshelana iiseli. Xa sijonga isibini ewayo ngemicroscope, uya kufumanisa ukuba uhlobo kwo intercellular.

Ngengqibelelo amancinci emathunjini ingenamthungo egcinwa yi ezo inwebu iseli kweeseli ezimelene kwinkalo qha. iindawo ezinjalo kudla ngokubhekiswa kuzo iipleyiti ngokuba abalandela.

Kukho nezinye iimeko apho kungekho izakhiwo ezizodwa ingqibelelo. Uxhulumane kwamakhelwane iiseli ikhutshwa phandle kukudibana phakathi iindawo caba okanye iiseli linegunya. Kungqameko iiseli ukuze imbricate ukudlulela.

Ubume bale iiseli zomzimba epithelial

Iimpawu ezizodwa iiseli zomzimba epithelial ke ubukho kumphezulu wazo ngayo ndizayo plasma.

Iiseli inxaxheba kulwabiwo lweemveliso pathways kwi plasma inwebu inxalenye carcinomas lomzimba yeseli uyabonakala ukusonga.

iiseli Epithelial - ekuthiwa nenzululwazi iiseli uyila inyama epithelial. Iimpawu ngesakhiwo, umsebenzi iiseli epithelial zihlobene. Ngenxa yoko, ngokungqinelana nefom yesabelo yabo tyaba, cubic kunye columnar. Ngundoqo oxhaphakileyo euchromatin, ngoko inombala ukukhanya. Le ongundoqo kunokuba elikhulu, imilo yayo idibanisa imilo iiseli.

wokwephuka yabonisa ebangela indawo eziba kwi inxalenye carcinomas, ezi mitochondria zibe phezu kwayo, izixhobo Golgi kunye centrioles. Xa iiseli, umsebenzi secretory ukwenza ingakumbi kakuhle reticulum endoplasmic kunye Golgi ezintsonkothileyo. Epithelium abafumana iiseli ezingaphezulu umthwalo lomatshini inkqubo yabo iye ngemisonto ezikhethekileyo - tonofibrils apho kubonelelwa umqobo eyenzelwe ukukhusela iiseli nxamnye deformation.

microvilli

Ezinye iiseli, okanye kunokuba kukho icytoplasm zabo phezu nga yinxalenye encinane, uyalele ngaphandle, neziqu - microvilli. Eyona projekthi inkulu yesihloko ziyafumaneka kwi kumphezulu apical le epithelium kwi emathunjini amancinci kunye kwiinxalenye eziyintloko tubules kwalula ezintso. Ngenxa yelungiselelo engumzekelo i microvilli kwi ingaphakathi engaphakathi oonotsheluza epithelium kunye kidney ibhrashi umda wamathumbu bayazibhijabhija, leyo kunokubonwa phantsi microscope optical. Ukongeza, i-microvilli kwezi ndawo ineenkalo eziliqela enqanda.

ngezigaba

Iimpawu ngesakhiwo yethishyu epithelial kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ukuvumela ukuba mabazihlele ngezizathu ezininzi.

Kuxhomekeka imilo iiseli epithelium kunokuba zezindlu, cubic, kwaye iflethi, yaye ngokuxhomekeke indawo iiseli --umaleko enye multilayer.

Kwakhona cell ukuba i epithelium glandular, lwenziwa umsebenzi secretory umzimba.

A epithelium single-umaleko

Igama umaleko ube mnye epithelium uthetha ukuba ngokwayo; kuba zonke iiseli zimi kumgangatho ongaphantsi inwebu umaleko ube mnye. Ukuba imilo zonke iiseli iyafana (okt. E. Aba isomorphic) kunye nuclei iseli zibe kumgangatho ofanayo, bathi malunga epithelia kumqolo omnye. Ukuba iiseli monolayer epithelium waphawula alternation iimilo ezahlukeneyo, nuclei zabo zibekwe kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo, anizomorfny okanye epithelium pseudostratified ngayo.

epithelium wakubo

Xa epithelium multilayered kuphela umaleko esezantsi ukuqhagamshelana inwebu elingaphantsi kunye nezinye ungqameko ibekwe ngaphezu kwayo. Imilo ye iiseli lamanqanaba ezahlukeneyo ezahlukileyo. Ubume izihlunu epithelial yale hlobo kuvumela ukukhetha iintlobo ezininzi epithelium multilayered ngokuxhomekeke imilo kunye nemeko ye umaleko zangaphandle iiseli: a keratinizing multilayered multilayer tyaba (ezikalini keratinized ekhoyo phezu komhlaba), neorogovevayuschy amaninzi.

Kukho ekuthiwa epithelium yexeshana olunga- phakathi amalungu kwenkqubo excretory. Kuxhomekeka ekubeni umzimba zancitshiswa okanye wazolula, eli laphu uba ifomu eyahlukileyo. Ngenxa yoko, olindelwe of epithelium sikwimo ukuba amabili zeeseli eqine lwesinye - carcinomas isiciko. Kwaye xa esinyini sele zixinaniswe (yinto enye) Ifom epithelial lolwabo sikhula kakhulu, iiseli umaleko carcinomas ezi polymorphs kunye nuclei zabo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. iiseli Coverslips abe imilo eliphakathi kwaye ngaplastiki phezu kwezinye.

Gistogeneticheskaja ngezigaba epithelia

Indlela esakhiwe ngayo inyama epithelial izilwanyana kunye nabantu ntonje kwisifundo sophando lobunzululwazi zonyango. Kule meko, uhlelo ukusetyenziswa gistogenetichekuyu ngokufuthi eziveliswe N. academician G. Hlopinym. Ngokutsho kulo, iindidi ezintlanu epithelium. Isibaluli kukuba oko zakuqala zokuphuhlisa kwizihlunu ngexesha embryogenesis.

1. Epidermal uhlobo, ekuqaleni sele unikwe ectoderm kunye nembasa prechordal.

2. Enterodermalny uhlobo, naphuhliso olo olwaye kwakubangelwa endoderm emathunjini.

3. uhlobo Tselonefrodermalny, zavela ingaphakathi coelomic kunye nephrotomy.

4. uhlobo Angiodermalny, uphuhliso oqale ukusuka inxalenye mesenchyme, uyila endothelium semithambo, leyo kuthiwa angioblasts.

5. Ependimoglialny uhlobo, eyaqala wanika uvaleke.

Iimpawu ngesakhiwo yethishyu bokwakha amadlala epithelial

epithelium Glandular owenza umsebenzi secretory. Olu hlobo kwilaphu yingqokelela glandular (secretory) iiseli ekuthiwa granulocytes. umsebenzi wawo kukuphumeza kuyondelelaniswe kunye bodwa kwezinto ezithile - iimfihlelo.

Oku kungenxa secretion umzimba akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Amadlala cell iimfihlelo kwi nesikhumba inwebu yangaphakathi, ngaphakathi nemingxuma yokuba amalungu aliqela zangaphakathi, ngokunjalo ngegazi nkovu. Kwimeko yokuqala, le exocrine thina, ize eyesibini - kwamadlala yonyango.

secretion Exocrine ikuvumela ukuba ukuvelisa ubisi (umzimba obhinqileyo), sengqhele kunye incindi isisu, ematheni, duct, umbilo kunye sebum. Secrets unamadlala ezidalwe zezi iincindi zamadlala ukwenza ummiselo humoral emzimbeni.

Ubume bale hlobo izihlunu epithelial inokuba nomahluko ngenxa yokuba granulocytes singathatha iimilo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuxhomekeke kwisigaba secretion.

Zombini ezi ntlobo ze unamadlala (yonyango kunye exocrine) kufuneka wakhiwe kwiseli enye (iseli enye) okanye ezininzi iiseli (multicellular).