Imfundiso ubuzwe esemthethweni

In Russia ukususela ebukumkanini uPetros izangqa sigqibo lokuQala yabona imfuneko ukudala iklasi yakho abantu abafundileyo. Noko ke, imeko ephikisana kakhulu. Isibakala sokuba Russia "Abantu abafundileyo" yaba yeyona rhoqo "podryvatelyami" ezisisiseko - iqela absolutism. Kulo mba, kamva Nicholas I sengqondo kunokuba ingacaci ngayo imfundo. Ngapha koko, lo mbuzo kuphuhliso lwemfundo eRashiya kunxibelelene ngokusondeleyo kunye nomnye umbuzo, kubaluleke ngakumbi - kugcinwe inkqubo ekhoyo.

Ideologist of the "protective 'endala nkqubo yasekhaya ulwalathiso yaba Uvarov (uMphathiswa of Education). Yena ingqalelo njengomba ophambili ukuchonga siseko zezona iimpawu ezikhethekileyo Russia, eyakho kuphela kuyo. Yaba nguye owathi ngo-1832 baqulunqe oneziqu ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezingenamandla ze "isizwe, ulawulo lobuzwilakhe, Orthodox." Le triad yaba sisiseko. Kuye lusekelwe kwithiyori uhlanga esemthethweni Uvarova.

Ngenxa umehluko kuphuhliso yembali Russia naseYurophu, uMphathiswa weMfundo waya ukudibanisa ukuyilwa kwezenkcubeko nakwimfundo kunye ingcamango imfuneko lobuzwilakhe njengendlela inkqubo yezopolitiko ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ezendeleyo sikarhulumente Russian. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imfundo Western yaseYurophu yabangela iingxabano yotshintsho olululo. Ngo-Russia, i "umyalelo" asinda, njengoko wayama ezifihla angaziwa ekuqaleni Europe. Imfundiso ubuzwe esemthethweni idibanisa iingcamango zemfundo kunye neengcinga malunga Union, umanyano yintliziyo wabantu kunye nokumkani. Kulo mzekelo, enikelweyo akukho kwiiklasi ephikisayo. Ngelo xesha linye umbhali kwengcamango uhlanga esemthethweni waqonda lobuzwilakhe njengoko kunokwenzeka kuphela uhlobo urhulumente eRashiya. Phantsi Orthodox kwakuthetha semvelo kuphela kubantu Russian yenkolo nzulu kakhulu. Ngokuhambelana kwenkulungwane yamava, le ngcamango uhlanga esemthethweni wathi ukumkani yaba ifomu kuphela, igalelo ekugcinweni ubukho Mpuma ubuKristu, nto leyo, ithi kwayona, ibonise indawo yangaphakathi yokuziphatha kunye zonqulo kurhulumente.

Kube lula umsebenzi ukugcina inkqubo ekhoyo kweli lizwe, Uvarov wabeka phambili ingcamango yakhe. It iqulathe ekudalweni kwezo zikolo zilolo kunye zalo, ezo kuphela akuyongozi nkqubo karhulumente, kodwa ngaxeshanye enye isekela inokuthenjwa ukuba lobuzwilakhe. Kuhleli kuphela ukuba isigqibo umbuzo umxholo yemfundo kulindelekile. Noko ke, uMphathiswa weMfundo Babengenakuwakhanyela ukuba uphuhliso lwamacandelo ezintsha eRashiya ngaphandle kokucinga izimvo bezenzululwazi yaseYurophu ke akwenzeki. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kude kube lelo xesha iziseko apho yayisekelwe kwithiyori ubuzwe ezisemthethweni, ebonakalaliswe indlela izenzekele. Kunye nophuhliso lwengqiqo ye ngumphathiswa uyishicilele umsebenzi subordinating yonke le nkqubo "lweenkobe Russian" ukukhanya. Ngoko ke, imfundo, ukwakha nokuphuhlisa ingqiqo emisiweyo-sikhokelo, ayikwazanga idodobalise umyalelo okhoyo.

Imfundiso ubuzwe esemthethweni waqonda serfdom ibe lulutho kuba kurhulumente kunye nabantu. Le nkqubo yayiquka ukuxhomekeka zakho zomntu omnye komnye, ukungeniswa kakhulu elisekelwe Sasungulwa izihlwele esemthethweni. Umyalelo kunye nengqeqesho, uthando ke ukumkani, ukuthobela yoluntu, yokuthobela igunya urhulumente ithathwa iimpawu yabantu engcono. Ngoko ke, le ngcamango uhlanga esemthethweni ayikwazanga kuba ngcono libonisa umoya ubudala ka Nicholas.