Ubume kunye nomsebenzi lysosomes

Xa iphepha ecetywayo sicebisa ukuba uqwalasele umsebenzi lysosomes, ukuqeshwa kwabo. Phakathi kwezinye ezindaweni siya kwaba enkulu ngakumbi uze ubhale ngazo ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

Masiqalise nesibakala sokuba yonke yenziwe iiseli. Ezi yunithi zezakhiwo zincinane ukuze sikwazi ukuzibona kuphela elebhu kunye ngoncedo nezixhobo ezizodwa. Ngoku sithetha neemicroscope okwesihlandlo sokuqala kunye isixhobo sakhe ebiqaliswe kwisikolo esiphakamileyo. Ootitshala ezithile umsebenzi elebhu kunye esi sixhobo ukufunda Imihlubulo isixhobo riki okanye amagqabi emithi.

Yenyani - njengenxalenye weseli. Malunga ngalo kwaye siza sithethe. Ngaphambi kokuba siqwalasele umsebenzi lysosomes, sichaza ngokufutshane isakhiwo kunye nentsingiselo yalo organelle.

lysosomes

Sele kuchaziwe kwintshayelelo ukuba amacandelo iiseli, kwaye Liguqulwe lithatyathwa ulwimi Latin, bona babe intsingiselo ocacile - kokufa komzimba. Lysosomes, wenza imisebenzi yentloko apho siza kuqwalasela kamva, khangela ngathi organelles ezincinane, baya siphahlwe inwebu. Faka i izaliswe lysosomes enzyme hydrolytic, oko rhoqo kugcinwa bume asidi. Yintoni enye uphawu thina organelles ayikhumbule? It has akukho uhlobo ezinzileyo, ukuba basoloko zahlukene kakhulu. ubukhulu zazo ezincinane kakhulu, njengoko iseli enye anokuqulatha lysosomes amakhulu eziliqela. ububanzi yabo malunga ilingana no 0.2 microns.

ukuqashwa

Phambi kokuba ucinge uluhlu lwemisebenzi lysosomal, siya ukuchaza ukuba ixabiso isuntswana le organelles kwiseli. Ezi ngongoma yabanikazi ngamandla. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba lo organelle angekhoyo plant cells, kodwa abantu nomngundo akhoyo. Bona eqalisiweyo Golgi entsonkothileyo. Siye ke ukuba angabi nemingxuma zabo ziqulathe inani elikhulu kakhulu enzayim ezahlukeneyo, sibulela kule ukwetyisa kwenzeka iiseli. Ngenxa yokuba ezi organelles abangekhoyo izityalo, ezinye zazo abanezakhono zokuwenza ngokwabo kwaloo msebenzi le vacuole.

Enzyme eziqulathwe kule amadlu nga zizigungxule:

• protein;
• amafutha;
• carbohydrate;
• nucleic acid.

Enye Umsebenzi lysosomes - eli kuqhekeka njengoko iindawo ngamnye, okanye ngokupheleleyo ngaphesheya iseli. Umzekelo omhle apha inguqu a tadpole nese-. Lost umsila uphantsi kweempembelelo enqanda yale organelle.

imisebenzi

Kweli candelo sibonelela umsebenzi ukudluliselwa lysosomes. Le ilandelayo kungathiwa:

• ukuphunyezwa ukudla iiseli;
• autophagy;
• autolysis;
• ngamanyala.

Ukuyenza ibonakale ncono, makhe ucacise intsingiselo 'autophagy "yaye" autolysis ". Kwimeko yokuqala libhekisela ekutshatyalalisweni kwezakhiwo iiseli ezingafunekiyo, kwaye eyesibini - yeseli self-ukwetyisa (Sathi sakuchaza ukuba ngaphambili umzekelo tadpole kunye nese-). Kumhlathi wokugqibela sithetha kokupheliswa izakhiwo zangaphandle.

cell ekugayeni

Xa wajonga umsebenzi yenyani kwisisele, oko okhankanywe malunga ekukwazini organelle ukuphumeza inkqubo ukwetyisa kwiseli. Ngaphambi kokuba sifike phantsi ukuba uchaze lo msebenzi, kufuneka acacise ukuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi lysosomes. ezizezi:

• eziziiprayimari;
• zamabanga aphakamileyo.

lysosomes zaseprayimari ebizwa kwakhona lonyuselo okanye Stock up on iinkozo. Ngayo le nto banomdla kakhulu organelles eziziisekondari. Ekubeni oku kubandakanya:

• sokugaya vacuole;
• vacuole autofagiruyuschuyu;
• umzimba residual.

Le vacuoles sokugaya kwenzeka ekwetyiseni izinto ezifunyenwe yi haydrolisis. Ngenxa yesisu uthatha indawo, ngokokuqhelekileyo ukuba izinto ubunzima eliphantsi ezinto ekwaziyo ukuba uwele lysosomes ndizayo. Ezi izinto ezifunekayo ukwenzela iinjongo ezibalulekileyo - le Yindibanisela kwezinye organelles okanye izakhiwo intracellular.

autophagy

Imisebenzi ingqalelo lysosomes esiseleni izakuqulatha into ebizwa ngokuba "autophagy". Sibonelela sihlolisise ngokufutshane oko kuthetha ntoni. Thina sele wathetha ngalo eli gama lithetha ntoni intshabalalo iinxalenye akaloncedo esiseleni. Lo msebenzi wenziwa le lysosomes zasesekondari, ekuthiwa vacuoles autofagiruyuschimi. Zinelungelo ifomu article kunye isigxina okweqanda, umzimba mkhulu kakhulu. Ine:

• iingceba mitochondria;
• inethiwekhi cytoplasmic;
• ribosomes njalo njalo.

Oko kukuthi, iintsalela iiseli eziqulathwe kuyo. Zezi iSADC ukuthotywa okubangelwa enzymes. Ezi residuals musa shwaka, kunye nenxaxheba kwezinye iinkqubo ebalulekileyo.

Ezi vacuoles zifumaneka ezininzi kakhulu kwinani lamatyala, kuquka:

• ngokuzila ukudla;
• ukunxila;
• hypoxia;
• ukuguga njalo njalo.

autolysis

Ngoko ke, yintoni imisebenzi yenziwa lysosomes, siyaqonda. Ngoku sinikezela sihlolisise elinye kubo - oko kukuthi, autolysis. yenyani inwebu itshitshayo, lo gama i-enzayim kokupapashwa kwaye akukho kuphinda ukwenza imisebenzi yayo yesiqhelo, kuba kukho icytoplasm unalo pH kunye nee-enzayim kuyo nje inactivated.

Kukho amaxesha xa kukho ukuphazamiseka lysosomes, nisingise ekufeni yonke iseli. autolysis amaqela amabini zingahlukaniswa:

• yezifo (umzekelo ankrelekrele iqhelekileyo izihlunu intshabalalo emva kokufa);
• eqhelekileyo.