Eziphilayo nje isayensi

Community of izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ukuthetha indawo apho kukho, oko kukuthi, indalo engaphiliyo, uzakhela eziphilayo. Ezi ubudlelwane E.Gekkel sebhayoloji evela eJamani ngowe-1866, obizwa ngokuba bume. Buthi, Ilizwi eli of imvelaphi lesiGrike, lithetha "indlu yokuhlala."

Noko ke, njengoko inzululwazi indalo yaqala ngakumbi ukuphuhlisa kuphela kwisiqingatha sokuqala kwinkulungwane yama-20. Ixilonga iimeko apho kukho izinto eziphilayo, kwakunye nonxulumano yokugqibela kunye nokusingqongileyo. kwakhona phonononga izityalo kunye nezilwanyana zingajongi biocenoses - isilwanyana-izityalo uluntu.

Eziphilayo njengoko inzululwazi le beqokelela izibakala, isifundo sabo, uhlahlelo kunye ingcaciso kwemithetho kunye nokuzalana ezikhoyo endalweni. Ezi zakhono zibalulekile ekuqondeni utshintsho okwenzeka emhlabeni ngenxa yezinto ezenziwa abantu. Kwakhona kunceda ekulungiseni nemiba yolondolozo lwendalo. Ndafumanisa ukuba ngokungazi nemithetho ethile nemimiselo kungabangela uphazamiseko chain eziphilayo kunye nezinye iinkqubo ayibuyiseki umva kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu.

Ezinye iziqalelo zehlabathi abe nempembelelo ngqo okanye ngqo nabemi bayo. Inzululwazi indalo ubiza zasemanzini kunye imiba abiotic. Ukuba selikho, yamkeleka kwemiqathango kulwahlulo lwe ngeemeko zokusingqongileyo. Yakutshanje echaphazela izinto eziphilayo ngaphandle (umoya, uxinzelelo lomoya, ukufuma, ukukhanya, ionization yeegesi, amaqondo obushushu, njalo njalo). Zasemanzini - izinto okunesondlo kunye nabo eziziimpawu ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu ngoweqela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo (parasitism, uburhamncwa, njl ...) Yaye abantu ezahlukeneyo (okanye amaqela abantu), endingowakhe zohlobo olufanayo. Olu khuphiswano phezu kwamanzi, ukuzala, ukutya, indawo, njalo-njalo. D.

uhlobo nganye kunye neemeko apho sihlala (ukutya, yokuzalela, indawo yokuhlala, njalo njalo) Yiba iimpawu ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zenze i-niche eziphilayo. Nditsho ephilayo lincinane inendawo yayo umhlaba onokuphila ngayo umhlaba. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba nkqu iintlobo ezimbini ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo abahlala kunye, ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukufumana izixhobo ezinjalo eziya ukunyibilika nabo zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, imithombo ecosystem abiotic kunye zasemanzini zisetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo ngakumbi.

Kukholelwa ukuba i-niche eziphilayo uhlala khona lwendalo ngendlela kwesingenato isithuba, ngelo naliphi na ixesha ingathatha okanye ushiye. Eneneni, kubonakala ekho ngexesha elinye kunye nokufunyanwa ezinye uhlobo naphaya ezintsha. Oku kuthetha ukuba akakho ngaphandle ifomu. Njengoko kukho yobume kanye zohlobo olufanayo, yaye akukho yayigcinwa twatse eziphilayo. Baya kwahluka enye kwenye idivayisi ezinye.

Isifundo ngolwalamano phakathi izinto okusingqongileyo ophilayo ophilileyo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle inxaxheba kwezi ndlela yemvelo, komhlaba, imichiza, Economics, Geography. Ngaloo ndlela kubonakala ukuzalana eziphilayo kunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi.

Inzala kwi iingxaki ungcoliseko lwamanzi, umoya kunye nokonakaliswa izityalo kunye nezilwanyana liye lanyuka xa Batyhilelwa ukuba izinto ezenziwa ngabantu kwafikela iinkqubo indalo ehlabathini lonke. Esona eyandisiweyo uphando kule ndawo. Eziphilayo njengoko inzululwazi iye ubeke ngokwawo umsebenzi wokudala zindlela ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yobutyebi yendalo, nto leyo yayiza kuba ubengo kwaye uyaxolela. Waye inxaxheba nentekelelo yeenguqu uhlobo phantsi kwempembelelo yemisebenzi yabantu kunye neenkqubo zophuhliso neendlela zolawulo ibakho umhlaba onokuphila.

Ecology Modern njengokuba inzululwazi ngokusondeleyo enxulumene neyeza. Xa oku kwanefuthe zonke izinga eyanda inguqu kokusingqongileyo okubangelwe kwaye kunokubangela izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo.