Isiqalo iiseli oluntu: isakhiwo, umsebenzi kunye imvelaphi

Iseli nucleus - yinto isakhiwo efunekayo ngalinye kumzimba eukaryotic. Le organelle ukwenza iintlobo ngeentlobo zemisebenzi, kodwa injongo yayo - ukugcinwa kunye nokusasazwa genetic material zamafa.

Phantse zonke iseli umzimba womntu a engundoqo. Ezi ngaphandle nje ke zegazi kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Uninzi iiseli mononuclear, kodwa, umzekelo, uYesti kwezihlunu kunye luvo ukuze eziliqela kula organelles. Ngumongo kule seli unokuba ubungakanani eyahlukileyo - isakhiwo inkulu senyukliya neqanda elisesibelekweni sebhinqa.

Cell elakha: isakhiwo

Le kernel unalo isakhiwo kunokuba kwaye iqulathe enyukliya mvulophu, chromatin, nucleolus kunye nucleoplasm. Makhe sijonge indima nganye iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

• Karioteka okanye inwebu enyukliya - isakhiwo esohlukanisa okusingqongileyo lwangaphakathi ngumongo ukusuka kukho icytoplasm. Equka oku Iqokobhe inwebu komphakathi nomphandle wocango, phakathi apho kukho khona njalo-kuthiwa isithuba perinuclear. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, i inwebu esingxotyeni engaphandle udlula ngqo inwebu ye reticulum granular endoplasmic, ngoko ESR kwisisu kunye namatanki ezingundoqo ezihambelanayo. A-Shell pores zenyukliya, imbobo ezivaliweyo. Ezi nkundla ke zenzelwe ukuba ukungena kweemolekyuli ezinkulu, kwakunye ngotshintshiselwano kwezinto phakathi karyoplasm kunye icytoplasm.
• Karyoplasm - izinto yohlobo olunye kuwuzalisileyo kwisisu engaphakathi ngumongo. Iqulatha nucleolus kunye chromatin.
• Chromatin - zofuzo yeseli. unit yayo zolwakhiwo a nucleosome yona inxeba DNA umcu kwi kwiproteni ethile - histone. Esiseleni, kukho ezimbini kwiimo genetic material. Heterochromatin a elimele, zamahlathi granules osmophilic encinane. Euchromatin okanye chromatin yakhululeka - iindawo apho iinkqubo zokwenziwa flow esebenzayo. Ngexesha division iseli ye chromatin lushwankathela ukwakha zofuzo.
• Nucleolus - Isakhiwo encinane mbhoxo entlantlu nemidzaluka RNA kunye ziiprotein iimolekyuli. Kulapha ukuba lokusekwa subunits ribosome. Le ongundoqo ingaba esinye okanye ezininzi nucleoli, kodwa inokubonwa kuphela kwiiseli ezingezo-hlula.

abayingxenye Cell: Umsebenzi

Umsebenzi yeseli isiqalo nga kumiselwa ngokufunda isakhiwo. Okokuqala, le kernel inoxanduva ukudluliselwa kolwazi zamafa ebekwe ngexesha kwisahlulo iseli, zombini mitosis kunye meiosis. Ngexesha mitosis, iiseli intombi zifumana sofuzo, leyo iyafana kusini na iseli umzali. Ngexesha meiosis (ukuyilwa iiseli ngesondo kwabantu), iseli ngalinye lifumana kuphela isiqingatha zofuzo - iseti epheleleyo zofuzo luqokelelane kuphela emva kokuhlanganiswa kwiiseli ngokwesini nezinye izinto eziphilayo.

Ukongeza, ngumongo iseli inoxanduva enye izigaba ezibalulekileyo ukutya - protein yokuqaphela. Inyaniso ukuba yenziwa undoqo ulwazi, okanye umthunywa RNA. Emva koko aye kungena reticulum endoplasmic, encamathele ribosome kwaye lisebenza njengomzekelo ukuze kwakhiwe peptide molecule ukulandelana acid acid.

Kwaye kwathiwa, ngokubona undoqo Yindibanisela subunits ribosomal.

ingxenye Cell: imvelaphi

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho yeengcinga eziliqela ezahlukeneyo kunene, apho iingcali uzama ukucacisa indlela ezingundoqo kwasekwa kwiseli. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, akukho nanye kwezi zityholo akakafiki ufumene isiqinisekiso elililo.

Kukho ingcamango yokuba nucleus nje isakhiwo cell, njengoko ngenxa ngokuncedisana ye iiseli iintsholongwane kunye archaea. Ezinye iinzululwazi zikholelwa ukuba undoqo - sisiphumo usulelo ntsholongwane iseli-ngqo.

Nhlamuselo kakhulu epheleleyo iqulethe ebizwa ngokuba yi-ekzomembrannaya hypothesis. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ngexesha ngendaleko esiseleni kwakukho enye iseli ndizayo yangaphandle. Kulo mzekelo, lo, le inwebu endala yangaphakathi iye yaba iqokobhe engundoqo - ekuhambeni kwexesha iye udale inkqubo entsonkothileyo, kwaza ke esikhundleni kwisisu yayo ingqalelo chromatin mpilo.