Zokulungisa Solon kaThixo

uluntu ubomvu kule BC ngenkulungwane VI. e. Kwachithwa uthotho utshintsho. Lifikile ixesha lokuba ufumane ukuthiywa 'ixesha enkulu eAthene "yaye waphawulwa ngokwanda sabantu, nto leyo inxaxheba kurhwebo kunye nemisebenzi yezandla. Olu hlobo entsha lwabantu, ezahlukeneyo ukusuka begazi ngelo xesha, kuthiwa demo, gama elo elithetha "abantu". Demo feuded ne elime yeengcungcu oluntu, ezama ukuza ngamandla, apho kwakufuneka ukuba kuliwe kurhulumente yintlekele. A indima enkulu kule nto udlalwa iinguqulelo Solon kaThixo, iziphumo lifike a revolution yezopolitiko.

Solon wayengomnye zo ezisixhenxe Greece. Yena waba wenguquko odumileyo, ukutshintsha imbono ubomi yezopolitiko baseAthene. Efakelwe inxaxheba yakhe idemokhrasi kuye kwenza uluntu ukuba ahambele phambili ngakumbi. zamandulela ntoni na? Ababhali-mbali achaza eli xesha ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Le meko sibi uqoqosho zaseAttica kangangenkulungwane, kwaye imigaqo yobandlululo amagunya ngokunxulumene abantu abaqhelekileyo kwanyanzeleka abantu ukuba bahlale ubuhlwempu ntimfa waphila olihlwempu. Abalimi babehlala ngokusisigxina amatyala, engazi ukufumana indlela ukunika intsapho yakhe. Baye ibekwe kwindawo apho kungekho enye emehlweni. Abahlali Poor kwafuneka mboleko ilizwe labo, bathengise nabantwana babo ebukhobokeni kuquka isibambiso ngokwayo. Oku kwakhokelela koqhankqalazo mood kuluntu kunye inguqu kwezentlalo. Nayiphi na imibuzo malunga umntu oqhelekileyo, wacela abanini, atyeshelwa. Ungquzulwano phakathi kwezityebi namahlwempu uya zimbi kakhulu. Awonelisekanga kungekhona nje abahlali abahluphekayo, kodwa kancinane esisityebi hayi kakhulu abantu amanene. Phambi kokulindela yoluntu utshintsho Solon.

Ingongoma yokugqibela nomonde yabantu ukoyiswa kwi imfazwe Megara ngobunini wesiqithi eSalami. Oku kwenzeka kwinkulungwane 7. An into umdla kukuba emva kokuba Athens esalelweyo ukukhankanya igama siqithi. Kodwa ke kusoloko kukho abantu abaphula yokuvalwa. Yaba Solon, ngubani na umxolelanisi phakathi demo kunye basebukhosini. Waba uyamhlonipha nabo kunye nabanye. Wabhala imibongo, ezibonwe ngokwahlukileyo ngabantu. Ukufunda kwinkundla, waye wabhenela ezingqondweni baseAthene, wababongoza ukuba alwe imfazwe kunye Megara. Esaba isohlwayo esiqatha, yena asindululayo amarhe ubutyhakala bakhe. Kamva, wayiqhubela umkhosi kunye ngesinqanawa eso, yaye yasungula imfazwe yesibini kunye Megara. Ngeli xesha, eAthene kwaba owoyisileyo. Oku amenza ethandwa, waba umlamli ekusombululeni imiba yezentlalo. Oku kwalandelwa iinguqulelo Solon kaThixo. Ntoni na ke?

Okokuqala irhoxisiwe onke amatyala. Yaba ngokutsha wokuqala Solon - sisahfiya. Amafama bakwazi ukubuyela kwilizwe labo. Ngaphezu koko, inkululeko lomyolelo iye yaziswa. Oku kuye yahexa inxaxheba ephambili yezikhulu yezizwe. Eyona njongo iphambili yale silumko waba idemokhrasi eAthens. indima yakhe inkqubela yezentlalo wabonwa futhi noku.

Ukuhlaziywa elandelayo ye-Salon echaphazelekayo ukujikeleziswa yezimali kweli lizwe, iye yanceda ukubonelela isonka abahlali abahlelelekileyo. Kubekho iinguqu ezinkulu kwezopolitiko nocwangco ekuhlaleni, waqalisa inani labantu kunye nocalulo kubemi ingeniso. Areyopago yaba igunya liphezulu kweli lizwe, yaye pentacosiomedimni zifakiwe kumafa yayo. iinguqu Solon kwachukumisa elo qela labagwebi. INkundla ngoku iyafumaneka ngoku bonke wabonisa ukuba ngokwentando yesininzi baseAthene. Athens ixabiso umsebenzi umyalezo mkhulu. Kakade ke, asiyiyo yonke into yenziwe yi Solon, ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iintlobo zabantu yoluntu baseAthene, kodwa into yokuba ubeke ayo, oko kuthelekiswa revolution kwezopolitiko, watshintsha ngokwanelisayo kukarhulumente. Ngenxa yemigudu amanani enjalo isondo kwimbali ajike ngokukhawuleza.