Amanqanaba mbutho noshowo ezo molekyuli protein okanye isakhiwo protein

Ubume kwemolekyuli protein efundwayo iminyaka engaphezu kwama-200. Waziwa ngokuba iiproteni ezininzi. Abanye babo baye bakwazi ukufaka (umz, insulin, RNase). The basic unit noshowo kwaye zisebenza zeprotheyini neemolekyuli evela acid. Ngaphezulu amaqela carboxyl kunye acid kunye neeproteni ziqulathe namanye amaqela asebenzayo, equlungqa ngeempawu zazo. Amaqela ezinjalo ziquka zibekwe lateral branchings protein molecule: iqela carboxy of aspartic acid okanye glutamic acid, iqela acid ye lysine okanye hydroxylysine, iqela guanidine of arginine, iqela imidazole of histidine, iqela hydroxyl of serine kunye threonine, iqela phenol of tyrosine, iqela sulfhydryl of cysteine, iqela disulfide of cystine, thioether iqela methionine, phenylalanine benzelnoe core, amatyathanga aliphatic ezinye acid.

Kukho amanqanaba amane zombutho noshowo ezo molekyuli protein.

Isakhiwo iphambili protini. acid kwi kwemolekyuli protein inamathelene ngeentambo peptide, kanjalo zakha isakhiwo zaseprayimari. Kuxhomekeke nokuqulunqwa esemgangathweni acid, inani labo kunye ngokulandelelana phakathi zinto. Isakhiwo ephambili kwiproteni kakhulu kuxhomekeka Sanger. I protein test iphathwa kunye ditroftorbenzola isisombululo (DNP), ngaloo ndlela yakheka dinitrophenyl-protein (protein-DNP). protein koko DNP-hydrolyzed kwasekwa protein molecule nikunyhashe kunye DNP-acid acid. DNP-acid acid liqokelelwa kulo mxube kunye haydrolisis ezilinganisekayo. Iimveliso ze haydrolisis ukuba acid acid kunye dinitrobenzene. Intsalela kwemolekyuli protein zisenokuxabana izabelo ezintsha DNP logama nje yonke molecule akuthethi ukungena acid phantsi. Ngokusekelwe isifundo ubungakanani acid kubumba isakhiwo engundoqo kwiproteni yesekethe ngamnye. Eyaziwa Isakhiwo ephambili kweziyi-insulin, myoglobin, ihemoglobin, glucagon kunye nabanye abaninzi).

Ngu indlela Edman iproteni iphathwa kunye phenyl isothiocyanate. Ngamanye amaxesha usebenzisa enzyme proteolytic - trypsin, pepsin, chymotrypsin, peptidase, njl

Isakhiwo yesibini protini. oosonzululwazi yaseMelika, esebenzisa uhlalutyo X-ray, wafumanisa ukuba imixokelelwane protein polypeptide badla khona ngohlobo lwe alpha-helices kunye nezakhiwo maxa wambi beta.

Alpha-kweleli nezithelekiswa ngezinyuko ephotheneyo, leyo enze umsebenzi izidanga zeentsalela acid acid. Xa iimolekyuli fibrillar iiproteni (isilika fibroin) polypeptide chain bulukwe phantse ngokupheleleyo (beta-isakhiwo) yaye zicwangciswe ngendlela amanqanaba, yazinza ngeentambo hydrogen.

Alpha-kweleli ukuze kwakheke ngokuzenzekelayo kwi polypeptides zokwenziwa (dederon, nenayiloni), apho kufuneka ubunzima beemolekyuli of 10 ukuya ku-20 lamawaka. Ewe. Iinxalenye ezithile iiproteni molecule (insulin, ihemoglobin, RNAse) waphula alpha helical uqwalaselo chain peptide, kwaye akhiwa isakhiwo helical lolunye uhlobo.

Isakhiwo neliphezulu protini. iinxalenye isantya chain polypeptide kwemolekyuli protein kulwalamano ezahlukeneyo equlungqa emfundo ephakamileyo (-ntathu) isakhiwo, uhlobo kunye nokumila umthamo kwemolekyuli protini. Kukholelwa ukuba isakhiwo neliphezulu oluzenzekelayo kwaye kwenzeka ngenxa yokusebenzisana kunye kwiintsalela acid acid ye molekyuli inyityilikiswayo. radicals Ngaloo hydrophobic "shi" kwi kwemolekyuli protein, ukwakha zabo zone ezomileyo kunye namaqela esibamba utsaleleka ukuya isinyibilikisi, nto leyo ekhokelela kuseko ngenkuthalo evumayo iziqiniseko molecule. Le nkqubo ihamba ukuyilwa iibhondi intramolecular. Isakhiwo ephakamileyo kwemolekyuli protein yayishicilelwe ngenxa RNAse, ihemoglobin, lysozyme yamaqanda enkukhu.

Isakhiwo koqeqesho le protini. Olu hlobo lwesakhiwo kwemolekyuli protein kwenzeka ngenxa yokunxulumana subunits ezininzi yayanyaniswe molecule elilodwa. enganeno nganye isakhiwo lokuqala, lesibini nelesithathu.