UGalileo Great: umgaqo ka kwaye ukuguqulwa mechanical

-Nzulu omkhulu Italian kunye nzulu uGalileo Galilei yaba ohlala nempembelelo yembali kwi kuphuhliso kuphela wenzululwazi ezithile: physics, ubucukubhede, ngeenkwenkwezi, kodwa kwavela eminye imigaqo esisiseko ukuze kuphuhliswe zenzululwazi ngokubanzi, umgaqo ka ka-UGalileo, inguqu kaGalileo iye yaba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo ukuyilwa mfanekiso namhlanje ehlabathini.

Scientific ezifunyaniswe isisusa UGalileo kwezinto mgaqo wayeyile ifomula ukuwugqalela ebonisa kukukhawuleziswa sesindululo lwemizimba. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ukungabikho kukukhawuleziswa kwindlela lentshukumo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye inkqubo reference, ukukhawulezisa umzimba ngokuphathelele zombini ezi nkqubo kuya kuba njalo.

Njengoko ngaphambili, ngokuvisisana nomthetho Newton, yathi ukuba yengundoqo lunikezelo parameter echaza yeefom zomzimba (umthetho 2 Newton), kwaye imikhosi ibe uxhomekeke kuphela indawo nobukhulu sesiqhelo zomzimba. UGalileo wambuza oku kuxhomekeka emhlabeni ukuba kulo mzekelo, zonke kwizibalo ze ubucukubhede kuya kuba luhlobo esifanayo kuso nasiphi na iinkqubo reference. Ingxelo leyo ebeka UGalileo, umgaqo ka ithi ukuba imithetho ubucukubhede abakwazi akuxhomekekanga apho kwinkqubo ebebefunda kuthi. Lo mgaqo kube lula ngakumbi ukuba uyicamngce inyathelo hlobo.

Umzekelo, ukuba aqhube naliphi na eksperimenti ngaxeshanye kumagumbi ezimbini apho umntu ihamba xa kuthelekiswa omnye komnye, isiphumo lwethu luya kuba efanayo amagumbi zombini.

Iimfuno ziqulunqwe UGalileo, umgaqo ka, ziye waqonda njenge postulate. Kunye imithetho Newton, uGalileo, ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo, kwakunye kokuguquka kwakhe, zibe nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso ubucukubhede nje inzululwazi.

nenguqu yaseGalili entsimini ubucukubhede kwaye phantse zatshintsha abaninzi ezazikhona iimbono ngaphambili malunga neenkqubo mechanical. Ngokukodwa, imithetho nokulungelelanisa utshintshwano ukuba kwenzeka utshintsho ukusuka isakhelo omnye komnye, kufuna ixesha elilinganayo, ngoko usinika ingqiqo ka "ixesha ngokupheleleyo". Kulo mzekelo, yintoni na ibango UGalileo, umgaqo ka, esisebenza ngayo njengoko ityala okhethekileyo le mbono Lorentz kwaye usebenza kuphela Velocity amancinci (uqina isalamane lokukhanya, kunjalo).

Kufuneka wathi ngaphambi physics kaGalileo phantse jikelele bafunda imisebenzi Aristotle kaThixo, nezavunywa kwi ukukhulelwa nobuntu endalo kunye nendoda. Kwimeko ethile yemvelo, uAristotle, umzekelo, wathi izinga kukuwa umzimba umlinganiselo ngqo ubunzima bayo kwaye nayiphi na intshukumo kwenzeka kuphela logama nje ubethwa "isivuseleli". UGalileo wakhanyela ezi ziphumo yaye zakhiwe iinkqubo ezichanekileyo ezibonisa kangakanani nesantya kuxhomekeka ubunzima bomzimba ngexesha kwayo.

Sae mechanical kwezinto yaseGalili umgaqo iye yaphakanyiswa kwincwadi yakhe "Dialogue Ngokuphathelele World Systems ezimbini oyiNtloko." Kwiikota ezininzi elula ngayo: kuba izinto oko ukuhamba ngokufanayo, oku intshukumo aluchaphazeli kuphela ezo izinto musa inxaxheba kule ntshukumo. Le ngxelo wamvumela ukuba ukuphikisa ngokupheleleyo ezinye postulates heliocentrism Astronomical, esasisithi yokuba ukujikeleza komhlaba luchaphazela ekuhambeni neziganeko ezenzeka kuyo.

Isibakala sokuba UGalileo uthi, umgaqo ka, inguqu yayo ngomatshini neembono bulumko yaba isiseko ukufunyanwa kwemithetho ezininzi wezenzululwazi emva kokufa kuka-nzulu enkulu. Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, imithetho zolondolozo amandla, imithetho le ujingi pendulum kunye nokwabiwa kwamaza, yena kwangaphambili, yaye yavela ingqiqo emzimbeni esisiseko, njengoko Ngomkhukula amandla.