Umlimi ngubani na le nto? Yintoni eyenza State a serf yamahlwempu

Yamafama - yenye abameli ezingundoqo iiklasi labemi Russian eRashiya zamaxesha, umsebenzi oyinhloko ukulimela. Ngenxa yokuba ixesha elide eRashiya, inkoliso yabemi aba basebenzi nzima, eli xesha kwimbali yelizwe lethu umdla ethile. Formation of abalimi iwela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesine-elinesihlanu. Sele ekukhotyokisweni mass athengiswe kwinkulungwane yeshumi-elinesixhenxe. Kwamafama - kukuthi, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, umntu lowo abangenalungelo kunye namalungelo oqoqosho.

Yintoni na iklasi kubemi serf

Ukuqalisa ukususela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinanye, baqala ukulawula ixesha of serfdom. Ngubani isekelwe phezu serf mhlaba wayesebenza ngokuyintloko inkosi, yaye ngoko ngokwakhe. Ukuba le ndawo, ngokuba nayiphi na impatho umfama, enxulumene msebenzi, ngaba ngokufanelekileyo phantsi Iindlela Zokohlwaya Ngaphandle Kokubetha. Beka umkhosi akavumelekanga ukuba ngesibambiso, ukuthengisa, okanye anike kude, ekubeni yayiyimini isisixhobo mhlaba. Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-elinesixhenxe, serfdom sele malunga nesiqingatha labantu. Kuyinto umsebenzi wabo xa kudalwa isiseko kuphuhliso olungaphezulu karhulumente.

abalimi karhulumente

Osele nezakreposchennoe abathatha inxaxheba kwezolimo, kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane elinesibhozo iye ngokusesikweni abalimi karhulumente. Babehlala phezu kumazwe zoluntu yaye benze imisebenzi egameni abasemagunyeni, kwakunye ekuhlawuleni irhafu zobuncwane. Umlimi State oko ingqwalasela ngokobuqu free.

Ngenxa kokuthathwa ngamafa ibandla karhulumente landa inani abalimi karhulumente. Ngaphezu koko, inani yabo kwakhona ngenxa ukubhabha ngamakhoboka nasemizini, kwakunye iindwendwe ezivela kwamanye amazwe.

Ngokungafaniyo kwimo ngamakhoboka

Kukholelwa ukuba abalimi isithsaba Sweden wakhonza njengomzekelo sokumiselwa amalungelo abalimi karhulumente njengoko. Okokuqala bonke aba inkululeko. Ngokungafaniyo ngamakhoboka, abalimi karhulumente bavunyelwa ukuba bathabathe inxaxheba ebunzimeni. Bona banikwa ilungelo lokuba angene kweentengiselwano kunye lokuba nempahla. ngumlimi State - i "abemi zasemaphandleni ezamahala" ngubani zinokulungiselela zombini ngemiyinge futhi kufa yabasebenzi, kwakunye ukuvula i mveliso okanye isityalo. Abahlali ngamakhoboka ukuba sokunene nje inkululeko yabo kuyindawo ngokupheleleyo mhlaba. Umlimi State - oku ilungu lethutyana lempahla zorhwebo karhulumente. Ngaphandle koku, kukho amatyala imicimbi yabo umnini-mhlaba.

Iingxaki ubunzima serfdom

Nabalimi belizwe xa bebonke baye aneliseke ukungalingani kuluntu. ukuxhatshazwa ngokugqithiseleyo kulendawo ukumqumbisa noqhankqalazo kunye neemvukelo. Umlimi uphakamo elikhulu imfazwe, wazithwala phezu inkokheli Stepan Razin, eyathatha ukususela 1670 iminyaka 1671. Loud naye waba kwimvukelo yamahlwempu ekhokelwa yi-EI Pugachev, eyathatha ukususela 1773 kude 1775.

Kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane elinesibhozo abasemagunyeni Russian ukucinga kwingxaki ubukho serfdom. imeko zezoMthetho kunye zemali zange ivumelane, kwaye udidi kakhulu ezininzi zeli lizwe.

1861 waba izigqibo: Alexander II babesenza kwezomhlaba, nto leyo ikhokelele serfdom irhoxisiwe, yaye abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi mabini ekugqibeleni ndizuze inkululeko yabo. Noko ke, ukuxolelwa ngokupheleleyo iye ifunyenwe emva kweminyaka emibini, apho abalimi okwethutyana unyanzelekile waqhelisela emkhosini.