Moya yiSoviet kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Emva kokusungulwa izixhobo zokuqala eyingozi yoyilo zabo saqala ukusebenzisa iinjongo zomkhosi. Ngoko ke, zilwe moya, abe yinxalenye enkulu semkhosini onke amazwe ehlabathini. Eli nqaku lichaza iinqwelomoya ezininzi ezithandwayo kunye ngempumelelo Soviet ukuba baye benza igalelo ekhethekileyo uloyiso phezu bahlaseli ngokungenalusini karhulumente.

Intlekele iintsuku zokuqala zemfazwe

Phantse zonke iisampulu Aviation eSoviet ngelo ngaphambili, yaye ke ngoko kutshatyalaliswa ekuqaleni zokulwa, abakwazi ukubonisa bona kule mpi emoyeni. Nangona kunjalo, le meko iye waba negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso kunye nokuphuculwa zonke iindidi moya - iinjineli eSoviet kwafuneka nje ukuba abuyise ilahleko, kodwa ukuphuhlisa emkhosini ezintsha kwaye bafumane moya mihla ngakumbi eSoviet Union. In wokugxeka yangoku iimeko, izibonelelo kunye yokungabikho kwexesha, ababhekisi phambili udale umoya namandla unako ukumelana "Luftwaffe" nje kuphela, kodwa ngeendlela ezininzi njengabongamileyo kuyo.

U-2 biplane

Mhlawumbi ezaziwa kakhulu, kwaye moya wokuqala Soviet ukuba wenza igalelo ekhethekileyo uloyiso - U-2 biplane - kwaba isintu impela nangokwezobuchwephesha izixhobo. Isizathu sokuba yayo lixesha yaba lokuqala lophuhliso-moya njengesixhobo yokufunda for okulinga. Biplane ayikwazanga athwale payload ngenxa yobukhulu balo, isakhiwo, ubunzima ihambe, zobugcisa iparameters ezibuthathaka enjinini. Kodwa indima "iqela learning" U-2 abanyamezela ngaphezu iyancomeka.

Waye endleleni, kakhulu singalindelanga safumana biplane ukulwa ukusetyenziswa ngokoqobo. Lo moya yafakwa kunye silencers kunye ngumnikazi iziqhushumbisi ezincinane, yaye ngaloo ndlela waba biplane inokusityeda, nobugcisa kwaye kuyingozi kakhulu bomber, ngokuqinileyo kuqokelelwa le ndima entsha de kuye ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Emva amava lokuqala oluphemeleleyo zokusetyenziswa U-2 moya ziye zasekwa amancinci-yazala gun. Ngaphambi koko, abaqhubi kwafuneka ukusebenzisa imipu zabucala kuphela.

ezontathu fighter

Ngokufanelekileyo Abaphandi Aviation World ingqalelo eli thuba ubudala yegolide mlilo. Ngelo xesha kwakungekho radar, izixhobo zekhompyutha, imagers thermal kunye imijukujelwa homing. Sasidlala indima ugagane ubuchule pilot labucala kwaye, kakade, luck.

Xa imi--30 ye-USSR wathabatha benchmark esemgangathweni ekuveliseni moya mbono. Omnye ababelwa yokuqala kuvele iifektri zeRhiphabliki, yaba I-16. Yambethe Emingculubeni 1941, kodwa sixhathise amandla Luftwaffe, yeha, nako. moya yiSoviet kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kuphela emva kokuba maxesha elide bezinze apho baye banikwa ekwalile efanelekileyo utshaba esibhakabhakeni. Saqala ukudala ningabo bohluke enamandla yobuchwepheshe.

MIG-3 no Yak-9

Isiseko Uyilo Grant-3 bakhonza njengoko umzimba MIG-1, nguye awayemiselwe ukuba uqhwithela yiSoviet Aviation wamajoni, omnye umchasi ufanelwe amanqe German. Isantya moya na ukukhawulezisa ku-600 km / h (hayi yonke inqwelo-moya yiSoviet le Patriotic Great akwazi ukuhlawula kwisantya enjalo). Mig-3 ezamahala wanyukela kubude ozikilometa eziyi-12, kwaba ngqiqweni imifuziselo elidlulileyo. Oku kumiselwa injongo ekulweni moya. Yena wazibonakalisa ukulwa ophezulu ephakame kwaye sisebenze kwinkqubo emoyeni wokhuselo. Emva kwemfazwe, moya abaninzi eSoviet ziye zaphuhliswa ngokusekelwe MIG.

Kodwa ngokuchasene nentsukaphi iinkalo ezintle MIG-3 waba neengxaki. Ngoko ke, nomphakamo kumgama ongaphezu kwe-5 ka-moya ezilahlekileyo isantya kwaye umdlali ophantsi. Ngoko, ababhekisi phambili ndiqalile endaweni kunye walo mlweli niche Yak-9. Ezi nqwelo yokulwa ekukhanyeni, njengokuba Yakovlev-9, yaba izixhobo inokusityeda, nenamandla. Pilot ngokoqobo bemnandi lo moya, saphaphazela ukuba ukuphumelela. Kanye umlweli kunye namahlakani French webutho, "eNormandy - Niemen", ukuba imifuziselo uvavanyo eziliqela, bamisa ukhetho kwi-Yak-9.

Njengoko MIG-3 no Yak-9 bexhobe ngemipu 12.7 okanye 7,62 iimilimitha. Kwezinye iindlela efakiweyo umpu 20-nawethu. Kodwa nangona yokuba kucingwe izixhobo ezinamandla, iinqwelomoya Soviet WWII abadinga ukuphucula izixhobo.

La-5

New evela Lavochkin Design Bureau iye kule ethile, i iLa-5 lixhotyiswe sekhe ezimbini ShVAK. Kwakhona phezu mlweli moya ye-injini zomoya-lupholile. Le motor yaba lixesha kancinci, kodwa wayezithethelela, ingakumbi xa kuthelekiswa Motors lulwelo-lupholile. Into yokuba injini ulwelo-lupholile, nangona a compact, babe nokuthantamisa kakhulu. Kwanele ukufumana isiqwenga zincinane injini ukumbulala ubuncinane ityhubhu ethile, loo nto ngephanyazo ime. Yile phawu kokuyilwa, kunye nababhekisi phambili kunyanzeleka ukuba anxibe i La-5 injini air-lupholile elikhulu, kodwa oluthembekileyo.

Ngokuphandle, ngexesha uphuhliso Lavochkin sele bekukho iinjini inamandla kwaye mihla M-82, ngoko ke saba zisasazwe ngokubanzi, moya abaninzi eSoviet ziza kuxhotyiswa nabo. Kodwa ke ngelo xesha injini akakaphumezi uvavanyo efanelekileyo, kwaye bakwazi ukuqinisekisa entsha La-5.

Nangona zonke iingxaki, i iLa-5 inyathelo eqinileyo phambili ekuphuhlisweni moya mbono. Le modeli iphawulwe ziingcali yiSoviet, kodwa ke pilot ye Luftwaffe kuphela. Noko Lavochkin uvalo pilot German,, njengazo zonke ezinye moya yiSoviet kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

Il-2

Mhlawumbi edume ukuhlasela eSoviet moya - yi IL-2. ESoviet moya angels kwenziwe uyilo eqhelekileyo, isakhelo eyenziwe ngenkcenkce okanye umthi. Ngaphandle, inqwelo-moya ofakelwe sheathing ngamaplanga okanye ilaphu. Ngaphakathi isakhiwo ukufaka i-injini kunye isixhobo ahambelanayo. Ngokwale kuyilo mgaqo obungabangeli mdla yonke inqwelo-moya eSoviet ngexesha lemfazwe.

IL-2 yaba umzekelo wokuqala udweliso olutsha loyilo moya. I Ilyushin Design Bureau waqonda ukuba le ndlela isidima ngokubonakalayo uyilo nokunyusa ubunzima. Indlela entsha kuyilo unike amathuba amatsha ukuze zisetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo ubunzima moya. Ngoko kwakukho Ilyushin-2 - moya, nalapho isikrweqe sayo engamandla ifumene isiteketiso "itanki flying".

IL-2 baseJamani wadala inani elingu-iingxaki. Lo moya ekuqaleni lasetyenziswa ukulwa, kodwa le ndima undibonisile lulodwa kakuhle umsebenzi wazo. uphume amandla nesantya akaninikanga-IL-2 amathuba ukulwa Fighters ngokukhawuleza yaye besaphula isiJamani. Ingakumbi ukuba ukhuselo ezibuthathaka Ezomva moya kuvunyelwa ukuba ahlasele-IL-2 mlilo German ngasemva.

Iingxaki nenqwelo-moya kunye abaphuhlisi anamava. Ngexesha lonke ixesha of World baxhobe-IL-2 esoloko itshintsha, yaye mayixhotyiswe indawo umqhubi yesibini. Oku esongela into yokuba lo moya sibe esingaphathekiyo kwaphela.

Kodwa yonke le mizamo kwavelisa umphumo oyifunayo. Le guns 20-millimitha yokuqala indawo ezinkulu-abanjalo 37 mm. Ekubeni ezinjalo izixhobo ezinamandla moya ukuhlasela bamoyika phantse zonke iintlobo amajoni komhlaba ukusuka nomkhosi kwiitanki kunye nezithuthi vehicles.

Ngokutsho kwezinye bucala iinkumbulo labaqhubi eyalwa IL-2, zokudubula lwemipu ukuhlasela moya kwakhokelela ekubeni lo moya ngokoqobo hung yi negalelo elikhulu emoyeni. Kwimeko okuhlaselwa umsila iintolo utshaba karma layigubungela isahlulo ubuze beli IL-2. Ngenxa yoko, yokuhlasela eneneni inqaba eziphaphazelayo. Le thesis luqinisekiswa kukuba isehlakalo ezinye zibhubhisa ebhodini.

Zonke ezi mpawu ziye waba yimpumelelo enkulu kwaye Ilyushin-2 ndiza zilahleka nje nayiphi na imfazwe. akazange nje ukuhlaselwa moya edume kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kodwa walitshisa irekhodi ekuveliseni :. Zizonke iikopi ezimalunga nama-40 amawaka yaveliswa ngexesha lemfazwe. Ngoko ke, lo moya Soviet-siphila ungakhuphisana kunye Luftwaffe ngandlela zonke.

ekuhlaseleni

Le bomber, ukusuka kwindawo Committe lwembono, yinxalenye ebalulekileyo Aviation emkhosini na emfazweni. Mhlawumbi bomber ezaziwa kakhulu yiSoviet of World - i Pe-2. It yaqulunqwa ukulwa supercarrier Committe, kodwa kwexesha iinguqu wenza likude bomber yingozi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eSoviet-moya bomber iklasi bt waba ngexesha Enkulu Patriotic War. ekuhlaseleni, kwemiqathango kwi ukuvela eziliqela, kodwa oyintloko phakathi kwabo kwakukho ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo air wokhuselo. Kwangoko acwangcise amaqhinga ezizodwa ngokusebenzisa ekuhlaseleni, nto leyo kuthetha indlela ekujoliswe ngokugabadelayo, ukuhla ebukhali ukuya kubude naweebhombu eziwe, ukurhoxiswa elirhabaxa efanayo esibhakabhakeni. Eli cebo ibe neziphumo.

Pe-2 kunye TU-2

Bomber Dive ephosa zibhombu, hayi emva umgca othe tye. Yena ngokoqobo uwe injongo yakhe yaye ilahla ukuqhushumba kuphela xa injongo oko abanye 200 leemitha. Ngenxa kuthutha Committe enjalo - ukuchana ogqibeleleyo. Kodwa njengokuba usazi, lo moya xa iyenzeka guns anti-moya kungaba buhlungu, kodwa oku kuchaphazela ekuhlaseleni design nkqubo.

Ngoko, kwenzeka ukuze bomber kufuneka oludibanisa non-superimposable. Kufuneka ube kangangoko kunokwenzeka compact kwaye moya, yaye ngaloo ndlela athwale iimbumbulu enzima. Ukongeza, uyilo bomber kucwangcisiwe njenge esiluqilima ukuze zimelane ifuthe imipu anti-moya. Ngoko ke, lo moya ngokuthi-2 baya kakuhle kakhulu kule ndima.

Bomber Pe-2 incedisana efana kakhulu yoMgaqo-Tu-2. Yaba bomber iwele-emanzini, nto leyo esetyenziselwa amaqhinga ezichazwe ngasentla. lo moya ingxaki yaba imiyalelo engephi mveliso moya model. Kodwa ekupheleni kwemfazwe ingxaki iye yalungiswa, TU-2 nokuba zaphuculwa kwaye zisetyenziswa ngempumelelo edabini.

Tu-2 enze ezahlukeneyo yokulwa koxolo. Wasebenza-moya ukuhlasela, bomber, kwesimo, inomzimba kunye interceptor.

IL-4

bomber okulwa IL-4 ngokufanelekileyo wathola isihloko-moya mhle IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, iyenza nzima siphambanise ne nayiphi na enye moya. Ilyushin, 4, nangona ukuntsonkotha olukhulayo yolawulo, ithandwa e uMkhosi waseMoyeni, lo moya nokuba kusetyenziswa bomber inomzimba.

IL-4 ndakutywina kwimbali-moya, nto leyo kwenziwa iziqhushumbisi yokuqala kwekomkhulu Wesithathu - Berlin. Kwathi na ngoMeyi 1945, kwaye ukuwa-1941 Kodwa iziqhushumbisi zange ihlale ixesha elide. Ebusika, ngaphambili itshintshele kude ukuya eMpuma, yaye Berlin iye ngumnqantsa ekuhlaseleni emanzini eSoviet.

Pe-8

Bomber Pe-8 ngexesha lemfazwe lwalunqabile yaye angaqondakali, maxa wambi phantsi ukuhlasela umthunzi wabo. Noko ke, nguye lowo wenziwe kulwa namagqiza zinzima.

Long-uluhlu bomber kwaye nangona ekuveliseni 30 kweye-, kodwa moya kuphela eklasini yayo kwi-USSR. Pe-8 ngesantya esiphezulu intshukumo (400 km / h) kwaye izibaso kwi itanki uvumelekile ukuba azise ukuqhushumba, hayi eBerlin kuphela, kodwa ukubuya. Lo moya baxhotyiswe kuwa kakhulu elikhulu-ukuvuleka ukuya iitoni ezintlanu-FAB-5000. It Pe-8 laqhushumbiswa Helsinki, Königsberg, Berlin, ngalo mzuzu xa umgca ngaphambili waba kummandla eMoscow. Ngenxa uluhlu yokusebenza ye Pe-8 ngokuba bomber qhinga, yaye ngaloo minyaka le udidi moya phantsi kobhekiso phambili. Yonke moya yiSoviet of the World Second ababekolo didi of Fighters, ukuhlasela, kwesimo okanye izithuthi, kodwa hayi kwi-Strategic Air Umyalelo, kuphela Pe-8 yaba hlobo ukuba batye.

Enye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ukuba Pe-8 - inqwelo eSoviet UMphathiswa Foreign Molotov kwi-US kunye UK. Lo moya kwenzeka entwasahlobo ka-1942 ukuya umzila esadlula kulo mmandla ngamaNazi. Uzigcina wahamba kwinguqulelo umkhweli lwe Pe-8. iinkuni ezimbalwa nje ziye zaphuhliswa moya ezinjalo.

Namhlanje, ngenxa yokuhambela phambili ngobugcisa, ephethe amashumi amawaka abakhweli yonke imihla. Kodwa ngaloo mihla zemfazwe zonke moya yaba feat, bobabini ngenxa abaqhubi nabantu. Bekusoloko kukho ithuba elihle yokuba hit, waqhama phantsi moya eSoviet - ilahleko kuphela ubomi, kodwa ixesha elininzi umonakalo kurhulumente, apho imbuyekezo ngayo kwakunzima kakhulu.

Ukuzaliswa uvavanyo encinane, nto leyo echaza moya ethandwa yiSoviet kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kufuneka ukhankanye yokuba onke amadabi uphuhliso, ukwakhiwa kunye nomoya wathabatha indawo kweemeko ezibandayo, indlala kunye nokunqongophala kwamajoni. Noko ke, kumatshini ngamnye omtsha yaba linyathelo elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso Aviation yehlabathi. Amagama Ilyushin, Yakovlev, Lavochkin Tupolev uya kuhlala ngonaphakade kwimbali emkhosini. Alipheli apho ke iintloko Ezigcina yoyilo, kodwa iinjineli eziqhelekileyo kunye nabasebenzi eziqhelekileyo abenze igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso Aviation Soviet.