Democritus: ibhayografi elifutshane umsebenzi yentanda

Kukho izikolo ezininzi zokucinga, izifundo apho namhlanje sinikele ingqalelo izazinzulu eGrisi yamandulo. Sele ngaloo mihla (kwaye mhlawumbi phambi) abantu abaninzi onolwazi babecinga iindidi ezifana ukugosisa ihlabathi, intsingiselo yobukho bomntu, ulwalamano kunye nendalo, kunye neminye imiba exhalabisayo, kwaye ngoku kanye njengokuba kakhulu. Noxa kunjalo, impendulo ezininzi imibuzo yokugcina ebekwe kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo, imbi, yaye oku akulindelekanga ukuba nanini yenzeke, kodwa ukuzama ukonga. Enye i zobulumko ezinkulu Greece yamandulo, Democritus ingqalelo. biography emfutshane indoda sesayensi izimvo zakhe ezisisiseko ezifundiswa ukuba abafundi kweli nqaku.

Yintoni eyaziwayo Democritus?

Iminyaka ebomini yezizathu kwi sikhokelo ngokulandelelana ukusuka 460 (ukuzala) leminyaka 370 (ukufa). BC, kwazalelwa - isixeko Thracian ka Abdera kwimpuma yale mihla Greece. Kwiimeko ezininzi ezibandakanya iibhayografi zobulumko abaziwayo, izithethi kunye nabameli ezikolo, ulwazi olusekelwe kwizibakala, khangela apho namhlanje kunokwenzeka. Yiloo nto ngaphandle kunye Democritus, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane lisekelwe kwidatha eyahlukahlukeneyo ukusuka kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Yaziwa ingakumbi ngohambo lwakhe ezininzi, apho waya kumazwe amaninzi elikude, phakathi kwabo Iran, eBhabhiloni, eYiputa, Ethiopia ne India. Akukho mathandabuzo phambi ingqondo yakhe, imbono ebalulekileyo kwinzululwazi wanamhla, uthando iinkalo eziliqela nomnqweno eqhelekileyo nje kuphela ulwazi, kodwa ukuqonda ulwazi efunyenweyo. Ukongeza, ungenza aphethe ukuba sisazinzulu kunye nzulu ngezinto ivela kwintsapho entle gqitha, kungenjalo kuza ithuba nexesha uhambo olude kunye ukukhanya. Ngoko ke ngubani Democritus? olunika umdla kwibali lobomi bakhe beza kuthi ukubalisa kwakhona, yokubawa, yaye mhlawumbi nembono, kodwa bathi lukhulu malunga nale ndoda.

Imisebenzi kunye azibhala

ngqangi yokuqala engekhoyo, ngoko ke yicaluleni zesiqulatho lwenzululwazi kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ezibeka kunye namakhonkco, apho ababhali kamva baye bachaza eli sobulumko. imibono Democritus 'ngexesha lethu umdla omkhulu ngenxa yesibakala sokuba inkqubela yenzululwazi yakutshanje, ngumzali, ephinda into babephikisana eGrisi yamandulo kwaye kutshanje wabangela kuphela uncumo isigqebelo. Abanye bacinga ukuba efana kakhulu izimvo mihla malunga ihlabathi. ezinde uphela, ngokutsho uDiogenes Laertius, malunga ezisixhenxe elinesibini (abanye abaphandi ukuqikelela isixamali amahlanu). Mhlawumbi ezinye yeengcinga zezethu Leucippus, leyo kuthathwa ukuba abe ngumlandeli Democritus. biography emfutshane likatitshala wakhe, kunjalo ayaziwa ngokubanzi kwinzululwazi. Imisebenzi abazinikele ukuze anikele inkonzo ebanzi kakhulu lwamacandelo, kuquka imathematika, yokuziphatha, ngeenkwenkwezi, physics, philology, amayeza, ithiyori umculo, ubuchule kunye eziliqela of Sciences, uthathwa ukuba ayintloko Hellas yamandulo. Xa ulande wasinda iziqwenga ezimakhulu mathathu.

Imfundiso athom

Imfundiso atomic ye Democritus ifana ngokumangalisayo iingcamango mihla malunga isakhiwo mba abunjwe kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Noko ke, ngaloo mihla, ezi amasuntswana ezinesiqalelo zithathwa ukuba zincinane kwindalo iphela, ngoko ayahlukahlukenanga (kungoko ke igama), kodwa wothuka kukukwazi ngayo umphengululi bamandulo ababephila phantse iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu anamakhulu eyadlulayo, ukufumana nobukrelekrele isakhiwo molecule kungekho kwisiseko eziphathekayo, likuvumela ukuba utshekishe lo mbono empirically. Athom kwaye kwisenzeko random rhoqo phakathi imigodi, amafu ukwakha kunye eddy ezenza izinto eziphathekayo. Zahluke (ubukhulu kunye nemilo), yaye oku obucacisa ngeeyantlukwano izinto zobumnini kwezinto - ngoko wacinga Democritus. olunika umdla, ngokwembono yakhe, zikho xa isetyenziswe radiation umzimba ekhutshwa yi atom.

Ukhona?

Mandulo Greece predominated ingcamango mnogobozheskaya theosophical ezizalisekisa umlinganiswa ethile wentsomi kwinkalo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. bulumko Democritus wayehlukile ekucingwa karhulumente ezisemthethweni yayo izinto eziphathekayo phantse ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphezu koko, mercilessly ISAZINZULU achithwa imibono esekwe malunga oothixo, akhombe ngaphandle ezifanayo zabo kunye nabantu zokwenene kunye nokusebenzisa le ngxoxo njengoko kububungqina artificiality indlela yabo. Bonke oothixo-Olimpiki, ngokwembono yakhe, yasungulwa nje ngabantu, namandla ukuchaza uhlobo twisiseka zehlabathi ezingqongileyo.

Democritus umphefumlo

Noko ke, kukho ukuphikisana ethile bulumko ivumela ukubuza umbuzo: "? Kwaye ke phofu ngokwenene ongakholelwayo Democritus" biography emfutshane akazange siqulethe naziphi na iinkcukacha malunga ungquzulwano esinzulu kunye abefundisi yobuhedeni ixesha, nangaphandle, walibona ubukho kudidi ngokucacileyo non-izinto ezifana umphefumlo. Noko ke, sobulumko walo babecinga ukuba uhlobo Sisihloko athom, ka ebhadula ngeenxa lomzimba eyiyeka ekufeni okanye ngaphambili, xa imikhosi ngcembe ushiye abalupheleyo okanye umntu ogulayo. Ezi amasuntswana amancinane, ngokwembono yakhe, ebhadula indalo amaphakade, ongenakonakala kwaye musa zinyamalale. Yintoni na umthetho ukulondolozwa mba? Kwaye ke ubungqina yokungafi komphefumlo bungekho nje?

ataraxia

Le meko, makwazeke amayeza kunoba isimo sengqondo, ebonakalaliswe koloyiko ngokupheleleyo okubangelwa umothuko onamandla ngokweemvakalelo, Democritus wahlawula ingqalelo kakhulu. Ngokutsho ingcamango yakhe, a nzolo enjalo Umoya uphawu ubulumko ebalulekileyo. Ukuba oko kuyimfuneko efunekayo, kwaye bazuza omninzi umsebenzi self-uphuhliso kunye nokufezekisa ezininzi amiswa behlabathi. Ataraksicheskaya ifilosofi Democritus yaphuhliswa impumelelo kwizikolo ezininzi, ikakhulu sokuthandabuza, yamaStoyike kunye izazi. Side sifike aphorisms bakhe, nto leyo ayinikwa yi isiganeko random, ibhengeze ukuba lulutho ukukwazi ukuba ahlale cwaka (hayi nje ukuthetha), yona iqinisekisa ophambili ingcamango ulwazi nokukhuthaza nokwaneliseka anako. Kuko konke oku kube nzima ukuba tu.

Yintoni acinga ngayo umntu?

Kutshanje, inzululwazi zonyango namhlanje ubeke phambili omnye umbuso ukuba ingqondo yabantu kangaka swi hayi ebuchotsheni njengoko entliziyweni. Kubonakala ngathi ukuba akuthanga akopele, ngoko ke ubuncinane ushwankathele intsingiselo yokuvulwa Democritus, wenza zeminyaka ibe ezimbini ezinesiqingatha eyadlulayo. Yamandulo Isazinzulu Greek babekholelwa ukuba ucinga iziko ngalinye yabantu isebenza esifubeni kunye noko kuqulathwe kuwo.

Ngubani owaziyo ukuba uza izazinzulu namhlanje? Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ubukhulu becala babebiza imali postulates ezikolo zeentanda-bulumko eminyaka adlulileyo. Ngapha koko, yonke into iqalisa uwele ...