Yezopolitiko Afghanistan Mohammad Najibullah: engobomi, imbali kunye nendlela yokuphila

Ungumgcini amaxesha amaninzi, Mohammad Najibullah wafumana amandla ukuba amngcatshe abantu babo ilizwe labo. uphumezo eyoyikekayo owayesakuba ngumongameli bothuka nje abalandeli bakhe kodwa iintshaba, bamqumbisa bonke abantu Afghanistan.

biography

Mohammed Najibullah - laseburhulumenteni, umongameli Afghanistan ukususela ngowe-1986 ukuya 1992. Ndazalelwa kwilali Milan, kufuphi nesixeko Gardez, ngoAgasti 6, 1947. Uyise, Akhtar Mohammad wasebenza koonozakuzaku e Peshawar, utatomkhulu - inkokeli Ahmedzai isizwe. Mohammad Najibullah ebuntwaneni wachitha kufutshane nomda Pak-Afghanistan, kukho kokugqiba isikolo.

Ngowe-1965 Najibullah wajoyina i-Democratic Party waza wakhokelela abafundi mthethweni ngokolawulo lwedemokrasi. Ngowe-1969 wabanjwa ngenxa ngokubiza abantu yokulungiselela mvukelo, abathatha inxaxheba imiboniso kunye uqhankqalazo. NgoJanuwari 1970 waphinda wabanjwa, eli xesha lokuba udelele United States enze ngokuchasene cala kweli lizwe. Ebudeni umboniso, yena nabafundi baphosa amaqanda kumatshini uzibulele Agnew - uSekela-Mongameli eUnited States.

I ekuthinjweni lokuqala

Ngowe-1975, Mohammad Najibullah waphumelela i-University Medical e Kabul, uze nokuba zigxile ngakumbi ngemisebenzi weqela, ngo-1977 waba lilungu le-Central Committee of the People i-Democratic Party of Afghanistan elimisiweyo. Emva kokuba revolution Wabanyathelisa e Saur Revolutionary Council kunye nekomiti weqembu Kabul. Kodwa ukungaboni ngasonye phakathi kweqela wamnyamezela ukuba ashiye elikomkhulu, Najibullah wathunyelwa Iran njengonozakuzaku. Kodwa ngo-Oktobha 1978 wasuswa kwi ofisi lobumi, apho Mohammad Najibullah kwanyanzeleka ukuba aye eMoscow, apho Yayizimele de December 1979 de umkhosi eSoviet akazange ngenisa kummandla Afghanistan.

Amazing

Emva kweli lizwe, Najibullah waqalisa ukuba akhokele imikhosi zokhuseleko, ukwandisa abasebenzi balo ukuba amathathu amawaka abasebenzi, ikakhulu 120 abantu wasebenza inkonzo yokhuseleko. Kodwa ke akazange avunyelwe ukuba ukusebenza ngoxolo, imibutho emininzi, kuquka "Amnesty International", amtyhola wobandakanyo ukubanjwa ngokungekho mthethweni, ukungcungcuthekiswa kunye namalungelo oluntu ukwaphulwa. Kodwa akukho bungqina izityholo yayingekho, ebudeni inkonzo yakhe Khad kwakungekho ngesothuso wobunzima kwaye nentshabalalo yabantu babo njengoko ebudeni bolawulo Amin.

Afghanistan: Mohammad Najibullah - uMongameli

November 30, 1986, Najibullah wonyulwa umongameli Afghanistan. Kodwa ekubeni ukufika kwakhe zobunkokeli lizwe iqela uqale kwakhona uphuphu: abathile inkxaso Karmal, enye - ngumongameli yangoku. Ubunokwazi ayicamagushele amaqela alwayo, ngoJanuwari 1987 yayamkela isibhengezo 'kwi uxolelwaniso lwesizwe. " Declaration umisela ekupheleni impi iyasebenza kwaye bethetha le zeembambano ngokuthi thethwano ngoxolo.

NgoDisemba 1989, kwiintsuku emva amajoni Soviet bayishiya Afghanistan, Mujahideen lasungula kuhlaselwa kwi Jalalabad. Mohammad Najibullah wabhengeza imo yonxunguphalo kweli lizwe. NgoMatshi 5, 1990, ukuqotywa halkistami babanjwa. Ukuphendula, umlungiseleli yokhuselo eli lizwe Shahnawaz Tanai walungelelanisa imvukelo exhobileyo. Lukhuselwe kwelinye komhlaba, Mohammad Najibullah wayalela kwezithandani yemvukelo, uxhathiso Wayebuhlungu ekuqaleni Matshi. Umququzeleli yemvukelo wasabela Pakistan, apho kamva waba band Hekmatyar.

Ukunikelwa macala onke

Ngowe-1990, Shevardnadze ecetywayo ukuze kupheliswe iKomishoni ukusebenza e Afghanistan, isigqibo sayo lokuvuma, ngexesha elifanayo bayeke unikezelo ingalo. Ngoko ke, eli lizwe washiywa ngaphandle kwenkxaso yiSoviet Union, kunye nayo, kunye noMongameli Nadzhibulla Mohammad. inzululwazi Political - inzululwazi iguquguqukayo ukutshabalala, kuvuthelwa elandelayo yaba US. Ngowe-1991, Dzheyms Beyker isalelo ekupheleni izixhobo kunye nezinto iimbumbulu ephikisanayo amaqela e Afghanistan. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu impembelelo Najibullah. April 16, 1992 zinikwe yakhe post Najibullah Abdur Rahim Hatefu, ngubani wagabadela wethutyana ngumongameli. Kwaye Apreli waloo nyaka , Jikelele dostum waququzelela ubhedu loo nto ukunika amandla Mujahideen.

Ekwindla 1992, iinjengele Hekmatyar kunye Massoud bathi omnye komnye ngokungcatsha kwaye ishiya zomkhosi izixhobo kunye nezixhobo izitora, wemka Kabul. Ngelo xesha linye i-eSoviet Union uyathinjwa wozakuzo yayo Afghanistan. Najibullah nabaxhasi bakhe babeqhumisela yokhuseleko yezopolitiko aliqela amazwe, kuquka Russia kunye US, kodwa wagqiba ekubeni bahlale Kabul, akazange avume ukulahla ilizwe ibe nzima kangaka.

Phambi kokuba kuthinjwe aloo mzi uthubelezise umfazi wakhe udade kunye nabantwana e Delhi. E Kabul, kwakukho umzalwana wakhe Shapur Ahmadzai, intloko ukhuseleko Dzhafsar, intloko ye-ofisi Nadzhibulla Mohammad kunye Toohey. Journey ubomi ngenkani owayesakuba ngumongameli ukuba kuzimela Embassy of India, uze emva koko kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo. Urhulumente weli lizwe, rhoqo ukutshintsha ngowe-1995 no-1996, wafuna ukukhupha Najibullah. Nzima kwaba yintlungu wambetha nxamnye namahlakani bangaphambili. Kozyrev (Foreign uMphathiswa) wathi Moscow akafuni kuba nanto yakwenza iintsalela olawulo odlulileyo Afghanistan.

Le hero Last

September 26, 1996, i-Taliban wasithimba ke eso kwikomkhulu Afghan, Kabul, Najibullah kunye nabaxhasi bakhe bathathwa kwi-ofisi UN. Wacelwa ukuba basayine uxwebhu kwi ingqalelo komda Pakistan-Afghanistan, kodwa wala. Emva kokuba sentuthumbo kunawo, wagwetywa owayesakuba nguMongameli ukufa Mohammad Najibullah. Le ukubulala kwenzeka nge-27 Septemba, Najibullah nomntakwabo Bayifaka imoto kunye uyarhuqeka isigodlo sikamongameli, apho ke waxhonywa.

Bangcwabe Najibullah emva amasiko Islam Taliban umlomo, kodwa abantu bakhumbula uzukile memory yakhe: Abantu e Peshawar kunye Quetta ufunde ngasese ngomthandazo wakhe. Xa umzimba wakhe nangoku yanikwa iRed Cross, Ahmadzai isizwe, apho utatomkhulu wakhe waba yinkokheli, waza wangcwatywa kwisixeko lakhe lokuzalwa Gardez.

Kwi isikhumbuzo elinesibini ukufa Najibullah kuqala waqokelela rally ukuze imbeko inkumbulo yakhe. Head of Party of Afghanistan "Vatan" Dzhabarhel wacebisa ukuba Mohammad Najibullah wabulawa iintshaba neentshaba abantu kwi-odolo ezivela ngaphandle. A 2008 Uphando nabahlali yabonisa ukuba 93,2% yabantu ayexhasa Najibullah.