Hypothesis Planck esithi: kwasekuqalekeni kwehlabathi quantum

Eli nqaku lichaza into hypothesis ka Planck, ngubani na umseki wayo, kwaye oko kubaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso bezenzululwazi. Kwakhona ziboniswa ixabiso izimvo quantization lonke sekuba.

Smartphones and physics quantum

Ihlabathi mihla abasingqongileyo yobuchwephese eyahlukileyo kakhulu kuyo yonke into oyiqhelile- eminye iminyaka elikhulu eyadlulayo. Konke oku kwaba kwenzeka kuphela ngenxa yokuba ekuqaleni kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini, izazinzulu ziye yoyise umqobo kwaye babenokuyiqonda: iyeza kwisikali encinane ayikho okuqhubekayo. Kwaye Ndavula ilixa vekeleke umntu yakhe emangalisayo - maks iplanga.

Biography Planck

Igama lakhe ngu: omnye constants elibonakalayo, quadratic quantum, uluntu lwezenzululwazi eJamani, Ibhanti mngxuma phezu kwenyanga, telescope isithuba. umfanekiso wakhe yayikrolwe phezu iinkozo zize ziprintwe kwi izitampu kunye yamaphepha. Umntu kwaba njani maks iplanga? Wazalwa kwiminyaka yoo-elinethoba leminyaka, usapho waseJamani amanene abangathathi ntweni. Phakathi ookhokho bakhe abaninzi amagqwetha elungileyo kunye nabefundisi. imfundo M.Plank okuhle, kodwa yemvelo asebenza ngokuqhula ngokuba oko "self-wafundisa". ulwazi olusisiseko sisazinzulu onalo kwi iincwadi.

hypothesis Planck kaThixo wazalwa ngaphandle kwinkolelo yokuba inokwenzeka lithathwe isondlo. wayebambe "inzululwazi yeyona ibalulekileyo" umgaqo kwiphupha lakhe zenzululwazi. In the World leMfazwe yokuQala Planck wazama ukuba abafowunelwa kunye nabalingane ukusuka kubadlali belinye iqela Germany amazwe. Ukufika amaNazi wambamba njengomlawuli koluntu oluninzi lwezenzululwazi - kwaye nzulu bafuna ukukhusela abasebenzi babo, wanceda ukuya kwamanye amazwe kwabo babaleka urhulumente. Sothi hypothesis ka Planck akazange kuphela awusebenzeleyo yayinesidima. Noko ke, akazange ekuhleni wathetha nxamnye uHitler, kuyabonakala ukuba eqonda ukuba nje kuphela kakubi ngokwabo, kodwa kwakhona bakwazi ukunceda abo baswele. Ngelishwa, yemvelo abaninzi abazange ukwamkela esi sikhundla Planck wayeka limalunga kunye naye. Waba abantwana abahlanu, mncinane kwaye kuphela abasindayo uyise. Koonyana bakaRubhen, owamazibulo wathabatha yokuqala, phakathi - Second World War. iintombi ezimbini akazange asinde ekubelekeni. Kulo mzekelo, ababephila waphawula ukuba kuphela indlu Planck ngokwakhe.

imithombo ufaka

Ukusuka umphengululi isikolo abanomdla umthetho wesibini obizwa. Oku ifundeka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: nayiphi na inkqubo yanda kuphela wesiphithiphithi kunye nelahleko lwamandla okanye ubunzima. Yena waba ngowokuqala ukuqulunqa ngale ndlela - ngokubhekiselele entropy, leyo kwandisa kuphela kwinkqubo thermodynamic. Kamva ke, lo msebenzi kukhokelele hypothesis ukuba Planck odumileyo laliqulunqwe. Kwakhona waba ngomnye wabo wazisa isiko ukwabelana imathematika yemvelo, phantse ekudaleni icandelo theoretical component yokugqibela. Phambi kwakhe zonke iinzululwazi zendalo baba engumxube, kwaye amalinge kwenziwa yi kweelebhu olunye, ezo phantse akazange kwahluka alchemical.

Le hypothesis of ufaka

Ukuphonononga entropy kwamaza umoya ngaphakathi imiqathango oscillators, kwaye zisekelwe phezu data zovavanyo afunyenwe kwiintsuku ezimbini phambi ukuya ku-Oktobha 19, 1900, izazinzulu Planck wazisa esinye ifomula eziza kuthi kamva kubizwa ngegama lakhe. Idibanisa amandla kunye ngamaza lobushushu yemisebe (kwimeko ngokunciphisa blackbody). Kuba ngobusuku elandelayo oogxa bakhe phantsi kolwalathiso Rubens bazama ukuqinisekisa le ngcamango. Yaye tye! Nangona kunjalo, zibonise kwakubekwe ezivela kule hypothesis ifomula yaye ngaloo ndlela sikuphephe yobunzima zezibalo infinite uhlobo Planck kwafuneka ukuba baqaphele ukuba amandla ukhutshiwe umsinga hayi rhoqo, njengoko ndacinga ngaphambili, kunye neenxalenye ngamnye (E = hν). Le ndlela, wazidiliza zonke ngcinga ezikhoyo a eqinileyo. hypothesis quantum Planck kaThixo yaguqula physics.

Iziphumo quantization

Ekuqaleni, lo nzulu babengazi ukubaluleka kwezo zinto. Kangangethuba, ifomula wasetyenziswa yakhulela kuphela njengendlela elula ukunciphisa inani imisebenzi zezibalo ukubala. Ngelo xesha elinye Planck kunye nezinye izazinzulu basebenzisa equation rhoqo Maxwell. Confused kuphela h rhoqo, nto leyo akwazi ukuphatha ukunika intsingiselo ebonakalayo. Kuphela emva Albert Eynshteyn kunye noPawulos Ehrenfest, ukufunda zonke nesenzeko ezintsha radioactivity kwaye uzama ukufumana izizathu nokungokwezibalo spectra woqondo, ndaqonda ukubaluleka kwezinto ezinokwenziwa Planck hypothesis. Kuthiwa ukuba ingxelo leyo ifomula kuqala wenza ukuba quantization lwamandla, iye yavula ixesha elitsha physics. Mhlawumbi, Einstein waba ngowokuqala ukuba baqonde ekuqaleni. Ngoko ke ngetyala lakhe.

Yintoni quantized

Zonke ithi uyakwazi ukuthatha naziphi amasuntswana aphantsi kakhulu ekhethekileyo. Electronic labanjwa inokufunyanwa kuphela kumanqanaba athile. Excitation atom njengoko inkqubo esahlukileyo - ukukhutshwa lwenzeka ezitenxileyo kakhulu. Nawuphi intsebenziswano magnetic - lukukwenzelana ziluhlaza amandla ezifanelekileyo. Amandla i-atom yesintu okumelwe kuphela sokuqonda indlela ekhethekileyo amanqanaba amandla. Ngethemba, ngoku abafundi abayi kuba umbuzo, yintoni na hypothesis ka Planck, yaye yintoni na ifuthe layo phezu kwelimiweyo mihla, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ngamnye abantu.