INdlu yoWiso Noble - ugqaliselo ubomi amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu

LeZiseko, iifom zoluntu isiseko pre-revolution eRussia zithandwa - oluphezulu, iklasi lungelo. Self-elawula umzimba eklasini, owayebonakele ngowe-1766, iye wazuza amandla ngokusemthethweni ngo-1785 emva kokuba bangene amandla i "Charter ukuya yezikhulu."

Beautiful and luhlala

Assembly Noble ubizwa ngokuba 'nengqondo ", ngalo igama ukwenza kucace ukuba umzimba self-lolawulo abantu ngegazi oluhlaza. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuba iintlanganiso eziye zenzeka kanye kwiminyaka emithathu, oko kuyimfuneko yaba isicwangciso efanelekileyo. Society umhombiso kwakufuna isakhelo endilisekileyo. INdlu yoWiso wabanumzana kwi iingqukuva ezisemantloko amaphondo kunye nemizi ezinkulu zakhiwa kumaziko; zokwakha kwabo babemenyiwe ngegcisa engcono kwiimeko-onke amazwe.

Imfuno kunye emva kokuba revolution

isakhiwo Yakhelwe eminyaka, abaninzi kubo baye basinda kwaye ezinomtsalane ezinkulu kwizixeko yephondo engundoqo. izindlu Noble Assembly kwizixeko ezifana ESmolensk, Vologda, Vladimir, Ufa, Kostroma, yaseTver kunye nezinye zokuhombisa ezi zokuhlala kunye ezikhumbuzo zembali kunye izakhiwo kule mimandla. Ngoku elise kunye namaziko enkcubeko - apho Philharmonic Society (St. Petersburg, ESmolensk), apho Academy of University Art (Ufa). E Moscow Assembly ngabafo ukwakha iminyaka emininzi yi House of Unions (yayisaziwa phantsi kwegama).

Iziko wobomi yenkcubeko neyentlalo

Ukuba ndithethe ngendima eyadlalwa iNdlu yoWiso Noble in yenkcubeko kubomi zombini zeengqukuva. Le nosaziwayo idumileyo wabonakala eqongeni zezindlu, iibhola mihle kwaye shiny inikwe apha kakhulu. isakhiwo eMoscow yakhiwa kakhulu adumileyo kunye ethandwa ngelo xesha wezakhiwo yasekhaya Matveem Fedorovichem Kazakovym, leyo ngokutsha inxalenye engundoqo yonke yesixeko. izakhiwo ezitsha, kubandakanya iNdibano yesiZwe Noble House (e Moscow yayibizwa ngokusesikweni iNdlu ungunyana wabanumzana), zakhiwa indlela classicism yokuqala, eyaziwa ngokuba "palladianstva" (imbeko umakhi Italy kaThixo Andrea Palladio).

Moscow House

Enye zakhiwo ezintle e Moscow, ibekwe i Okhotny Ryad, yayakhiwe ungadlulanga owe-1755. Le yenye ezineempendulo ukuya umbuzo malunga yintoni na iNdlu yeNdibano Noble, apho ixesha bobabo. Ngokutsho kwezinye maxwebhu, umnini wokuqala wesakhiwo, Prince VM Dolgorukov-Krymsky, eyafa ngo 1754, wakha indlu. Ke emveni kokuphuma nelinye izwe Moscow ngabafo Association uthenga indlu enkulu iimfuno zabo, oko kukuthi ukubamba imicimbi yasekuhlaleni apho. It athontelana apha ebudeni imibhiyozo emikhulu zonke izikhulu Russian. Kulapha abo odumileyo "Fair uMtshakazi", okunyusileyo umakazi wam Tatyana Larina.

Edume ngawo onke amaxesha

Ikholam Hall kwesakhiwo, eyakhiwa ecaleni incwadi yesicelo, kwaye kumaxesha Soviet wayesaziwa kulo lonke elo lizwe, kodwa ubudala okhanyayo Catherine, njengoko ngexesha Pushkin likaThixo, nto yagaleleka nje intliziyo Russia. Kwaba House eMoscow Assembly Noble. Kangangexesha elithile, kuba le ndlu, nzima ukuze nithi, kuba kwi ngesebe yokuqala wawuqala de-1917, kodwa ke, njengokuba kuchaziwe ngentla, akukho okomzuzwana akazange esetsha ubomi. Esi sakhiwo wenza inani leentlanganiso yeHlabathi Chess Championship. umthi weKrismesi kwiHolo of Columns, ngo-1935, ngaphandle ubaxo, iye yaziwa kulo lonke elo lizwe. Esinokubangela ukuba uthi nangona utshintsho olukhulu kwamandla, ukususela ngelo xesha, xa kwakukho INdlu yoWiso Noble, kwaye kule mini kukho iziganeko ezibalulekileyo kunye ebalulekileyo. Omnye lokugqibela isijwili isiganeko ezinxulumene ne komngcwabo evgeniya Primakova.

INdlu yoWiso Noble phaya kuMntla Capital

Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba ezi zindlu zakhiwa ukuba ezinye iziganeko ezibalulekileyo kunye evuya, zange bafe isiphelo buhlungu intshabalalo kunye sobomi bethu. Oku kusebenza kwisakhiwo ezaziwayo-kakuhle eSt Petersburg, leyo ngoku likwaneklinkhi ihlabathi Concert odumileyo Hall Conservatory winky - elinye lamaziko enkcubeko eRashiya. Xa kwakukho INdlu yoWiso wabanumzana kwikomkhulu emantla, nezingaye lakhiwa? Esi sakhiwo, inxalenye lomculo kwezobuGcisa Square, kwadalwa K. I. Rossi. Wakha umyili isakhiwo Pol zhako kwiminyaka 1834-1839. Enye yezinto ezilungileyo iphambili yale sakhiwo iholo kunye umsindo emangalisayo. Akumangalisi ke, kwiHolo Philharmonic. imigangatho emithathu ekuqaleni yayibandakanya St Petersburg iNdibano yesiZwe Noble House.

1901 wangena imbali wesakhiwo superstructure kane eliphezulu floor, ibekwe ngaphezu lwesakhiwo ziyo. Le ngokutsha, leyo ezichaphazelekayo kunye ngezinyuko olukhulu ngaphandle kwesakhiwo lwaqhutywa yi iprojekthi umyili A. P. Maksimovym V. A. Shretera. Ngowe-1948-49 (emva kwemfazwe), ngokomakhi IG Kantsyug, abo bakhokela umsebenzi wokulungisa, wayibuyisela isakhiwo ngokungqinelana imizobo K. I. Rossi.

Ngexesha leSoviet

Xa iNdlu yeNdibano wabanumzana yasekwa eSt Petersburg, yona ngenxa amaqela wempangelo, akukho namnye wacinga ukuba isakhiwo uya kwaziwa ehlabathini lonke. Petersburg Philharmonic Society, elivulwe ngoJuni 12, 1921, indudumo nje kuphela inkqubo lihlazo kwimeko Metropolitan bakaBhenjamin, 86 Ababingeleli Orthodox, kodwa kananjalo yokusebenza enkulu lweyesixhenxe neSymphony D. D. Shostakovicha lahlokoma apha Agasti 9, 1942. Oku kuyilwa baba luphawu lo invincibility le kuvalwe iindlela eLeningrad. Iminyaka emininzi iokhestra ekhokelwa Yu. H. Temirkanov. V. V. Putin ebizwa ngokuba St. Petersburg Philharmonic "namolennye ndawo."