Abalimi okwethutyana: ukuba wanika abantu ukupheliswa serfdom?

Manifesto 1961 ngonaphakade kubhangise serfdom kuBukhosi Russian. Yintoni eyatshintsha lo zokubuyekezwa abantu abaqhelekileyo? Okokuqala, lo inqaba yokugqibela, impahla owayesakuba mhlaba, phantse into uzuza inkululeko. Okwesibini, yena wafumana ilungelo ukulahla impahla yabo ngokwabo. Yintoni ebesoloko ibaluleke kakhulu umlimi? Kakade ke, umhlaba otyisa likuvumela ukuba uphile ngemigudu yabo.

Umlimi ngamnye wafumana kumnikazi makabulawe ukuyisebenzisa, apho barshchina okubafaneleyo yokuhlawula okanye, enyanisweni, ezahlukeneyo kancinane izibophelelo zangaphambili. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abaphila ne inkululeko yabo entsha ukuba itshintshe kakhulu. Amaxesha amaninzi umlimi okwethutyana bafumana isabelo nokuba incinane kangaka kude phambili. Ukongeza, emazweni kakhulu ezo abaqeshisi, abantu bafumana bahluphekayo, ezilulwalwa kunye nendawo kuphazamise wesiza.

Ukuhlaziywa kucingelwa ukuba abalimi okwethutyana uya kuba umnini isabelo wayo. Ukuze wenze oku kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahlawule kumnini iindleko welifa kunye intsimi iziza, kunye anyuswe kakhulu. Ndafumanisa ukuba ngaxeshanye yena ohlawulela inkululeko zabo. Urhulumente kwangoko inike imali ukuba abaqeshisi kunye nabantu oqhelekileyo iminyaka engama-49 ukuhlawula kuye imali epheleleyo kunye ezingaphezu kwe-6% ngonyaka ngamnye ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-mboleko.

Umnini-mhlaba ngenxa kuphuculo kubonakala ukuba ukulahlekelwa impahla yayo - ngamakhoboka, kodwa wathengisa iinxalenye okubi intsimi yawo ukuya ezikhulu, leyo ngaphezu babuyekezwe ilahleko zakhe. Abo Andithengi ilizwe, bahlawule okubafaneleyo yayo ukusetyenziswa okanye esebenza inkosi yangaphambili.

Umlimi okwethutyana wabizwa ngokuba "umnini" yeyelenqe umhlaba ngoko nangoko emva intengiselwano kwetu bagqiba. Nangona kunjalo, umnini wayo yinxalenye, waba kuphela emva kokuba kuhlawulwe onke amatyala. Sinokuthi kanye ngelo xesha ke wayeka ukuba nqaba uDavide, waza waba yindoda simahla, kuba uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ilizwe, apho wahlala ezandleni bamazwe.

Bekucingelwa ukuba kangangeminyaka engama-20, umlimi ngamnye i okwethutyana anike imali kuye ngenxa ngokunye. Noko ke, le mihla ngqo khange imisiwe, engaka Musa ukungxama ukuthatha mboleko, nokuqhubeka barshchina okanye kubafaneleyo ukuba ahlawule kumnini ukuba ukusetyenziswa komhlaba. Ngo-1870 yathengwa ngaphandle komhlaba kuphela malunga nesiqingatha. Kule minyaka elinanye izayo, inani lazo liye lanyuka ukuya ku-85%. Kanye ngelo xesha kwakukho ukupheliswa i okwethutyana abalimi karhulumente. 1881 waba ngunyaka umthetho kwadluliselwa ngentlawulelo olugunyazisiweyo ngokunye mhlaba iminyaka emibini elandelayo. Nabani na akwenziwa ngeli xesha intengiselwano ngentlawulelo, baphulukana ilizwe labo. Ngoko ke, ekugqibeleni, lo didi lwabantu ayengasekho 1883.

IManifesto 1861 banikwa nabalimi belizwe inkululeko ngaphandle naziphi na iimeko, kodwa intlawulo semali-mboleko evela kurhulumente kukhokelele ekubeni kwinkulungwane yama-20, malunga ne-40% kuzo zaziyi semi-serf, nokuqhubeka ukusebenza ukuba abaqeshisi ukuhlawula ityala. KaRhulumente ixesha yathatha okwexeshana amahlwempu karhulumente, iintengiselwano kuphela iziza ezweni ingeniso engange 700 million.