Soviet Russia: iminyaka 1920

Ngowe-1917-1918, baye utshintsho ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kwimephu kwezopolitiko kwihlabathi apho. Le shela of Nicholas II, bamlandela iinyanga ezimbalwa emva koko Oktobha Revolution kwakhokelela ekuweni yoBukhosi baseRashiya kunye uluhlu kumabhodlo yalo hlanga-karhulumente. Kwakhona ngeli xesha wahlukana Austria-Hungary. The First World War waba iziphumo kwintlekele ukuze ukuwa ithi esikhulu sezizwe - yiyo akhanya nemiphumo yaso.

Soviet Russia: iminyaka yobukho

Periodization manqanaba kwimbali yophuhliso imimandla, leyo kwasekwa emva ekuweni yoBukhosi baseRashiya, ebesoloko zinokuphikiswa. Umzekelo, thatha lo gama-kakuhle "Soviet Russia". Iminyaka ngokubakho karhulumente okanye umbutho sobummandla kunye wejografi mbali bahlule amaqela ezahlukeneyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Abanye bakholelwa ukuba urhulumente kuthiwa Soviet Russia apho ukususela ngo-Oktobha 1917 ukuya kuDisemba 1922. Yiyiphi ingcamango yabo? De-Oktobha 1917 eli lizwe Urhulumente Provisional, ngoko kwabakho mbuso weza bamandla iiBolsheviks. Kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu ukuya ku-1922 - ixesha ukuyilwa lwemo entsha enkulu. NgoDisemba 30, 1922 ubukho USSR ke ngokusesikweni ngokusemthethweni ngokwamkela-siseko.

Iqela lesibini mbali linoluvo lokuba Russia ngexesha leSoviet - kukho imbono iquka ixesha yonke imbali ukususela ngexesha Revolution ukuya ukuwa USSR ngo-1991. Kutheni? Kukholelwa ukuba Soviet Russia, ngexesha ubukho apho nangoku ibangela mbali ubambene, oku ukumkani enye, nto leyo ibutha intsimi Abase amazwe.

Imeko yezopolitiko eRashiya kwixesha ukususela 1917 ukuya 1922

Eli xesha kungachazwa njengenye yezona ukhathazekile kwimbali kummandla East Slavic. Ngokwamanani ezopolitiko - ukungaqiniseki ngokupheleleyo, ngenxa yokuba yonke le minyaka, imfazwe yamakhaya eqhubekayo. Longquzulwano inxaxheba abaxhasi izimvo ezahlukeneyo kwezopolitiko, "red" (ndawonye, intshukumo yesigaba, iyunithi umkhosi Red Army), "Guards White" (abaxhasi basabela monarchical, umkhosi Jikelele Denikin kunye nezinye iinkokheli zomkhosi), "anarchists" (intshukumo Nestora Mahno). Kakade ke, Makhno elide babesilwela kummandla Ukraine yanamhlanje, kodwa impembelelo izimvo zabo kwaye isasazeka eRashiya ngokwayo. aphikisayo, kukhatshwa ukungqubana kwemihla ezinzulu yomkhosi owatshabalalisa izibonelelo zabantu wayonakalisayo noqoqosho karhulumente.

Russia yiSoviet kwiminyaka 20: imeko yezoqoqosho

Uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho, hayi kanye mandithi, ukungabikho kwakhe epheleleyo, waye ezinxulumene ngqo kwithuba imfazwe. Emva kokuba ngokuwa ukumkani kunye imfazwe eyalandelayo, amashishini ezininzi yatshabalala. Ukongezelela, amalungu Communist Party ukususela ngowe-1919, liphumeze lo mgaqo-kweMfazwe Communism kunye surplus. Kuthetha ntoni oku? Kwenziwe ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo kobudlelwane yorhwebo-mali, i-phantsi kwesizwe kwezibonelelo mveliso, ukuba kuhluthwe abalimi kwezixa okuziinkozo. Ngokusilela ukuba bamnikele ingqolowa kwidolophana nako ukungena yinxalenye yomkhosi rhoqo. Kucacile kunokuba wamsongela abahlali ...

USSR njengelizwe

Soviet Russia - ntoni iminyaka? Mbali baye bafikelele kwisivumelwano ngalo mba, kodwa ilizwe ekuyiphuhliseni ekunokuthiwa kuphela emva zokusekwa kwe-USSR. Emva koko wabamba yokuqala Five-Year Plan, le nkqubo New lwezoQoqosho yaziswa. Kakade ke, asinakukwazi ukuba ngokubonakalayo zandisa kwimpilo-ntle yabantu, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo - imfazwe yaphela yaye ekugqibeleni lizwe namandla uzinzo.

I-USSR kwabunjwa njengoko Allied Amandla. Phakathi wabaseki Union utyikitye isivumelwano, eyaba amalungu RSFSR, eUkraine, Belarus kunye Transcaucasian Socialist Republic. Abaphathi uhulumeni abangaboniyo ikwafaka siseko kokufakelwa kwamandla (ukunqongophala hlula phakathi yowiso-mthetho kunye elawulayo).

OLawulo amagunya Soviet Russian

Kwiminyaka yokuqala amandla Soviet ebumba uhlobo entsha ngokupheleleyo karhulumente. The main steel Iziko lonxibelelwano - Tips ezazikho kokubini embindini entsimini. IBhunga lenziwa abameli bemibutho yasekuhlaleni ezinkulu - iimanyano zabasebenzi, iikomiti mveliso. Ikakhulu kwi olawulo weqela legunya yaba All-Russian Congress of qumrhu. Kakade ke, ayizange isebenze lonke ixesha. Ngelo xesha, xa kungekho ngeenkongolo, imisebenzi yayo bathunyelwa All-Russian Central iKomiti eLawulayo. Le Isimntwiso yale amandla ilungelo amanyathelo owiso yaba Council of Commissars zaBantu (government).

Emva 1922 kwabakho utshintsho ngcembe, ngenxa yokuba amalungu zeqela zimi kwindawo yokuqala kwinkqubo yamandla. Nangona esemthethweni Soviet Russia, ngexesha zebhola xa ndithetha kodwa ukuba kuza, sihlala ilizwe eli qumrhu, kodwa ngokwenene esemantloko yonke zopolitiko nezentlalo ubomi iba VIP kwixesha (b).

Umgaqo-nkqubo angaphandle of Soviet Russia ku 1920,

kwiBolsheviks ingqalelo ukuthunyelwa wenguqu epheleleyo yobusoshiyali, umsebenzi wayo ophambili kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele phezu kwehlabathi. Kule endle ngowe-1918 kwaba nako ukufikelela ezithile nempumelelo (i-revolution German).

ezintathu-nkqubo angaphandle lungohlulwa lube kwiminyaka yokuqala ka Soviet Russia:

• nokusayinwa i Brest-Litovsk uxolo isivumelwano;
• ekulweni yokungenelela bexhobile kummandla Germany kunye nabameli Entente;
• Rapallo Treaty ngo-1924.

isiphelo

Ekupheleni 1910s-1920 zaba kuba ilizwe kunzima kakhulu. Kwafuneka ukoyisa ukutshatyalaliswa imfazwe iqale ukwakha uluntu olutsha ngokwalo zentlalo. Kodwa oku akakwazi uyazigwebela olahlwa eziye zenziwa ngurhulumente ngethuba elisusela kwi-1918 ukuya 1921 (Imfazwe ubuKomanisi kunye Ukucelwa). Xa kugqityezelwa ukuvalwa entsha Union kaRhulumente ngo-1922 ngcembe waqalisa ukuphucula ubomi, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni kubekho ukunyenyisa okuthile uxinzelelo labemi.