Mveliso kwi USSR: isiCwangciso Unyaka-emihlanu yokuqala

Isicwangciso sokuqala seminyaka emihlanu - na nokuthiywa yoxhomekeko kwisicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu yokuqala njengenxalenye mveliso ngenkani i-USSR ngasekupheleni 1930. Ngenxa eli xesha, eli lizwe wafumana ezintsonkothileyo kwimizi-linamandla.

Yintoni na le ndawo kukwanda kweefektri ngenkani eSoviet Union? I asiziphumelelanga nkqubo New Economic, okanye nep, ezizezi iingxaki zokuthengwa okuziinkozo kwiminyaka 1927-1928, kwakhokelela ekubeni isigqibo utshintsho zobunkokeli kumgaqo yezoqoqosho kunye ekuqaleni yotshintsho kwenkqubo ye-Union.

Ngexesha lokuqala Five-Year Plan - 1928 (umhla wokwamkelwa kwesicwangciso) - 1932 (umhla, okt ukwenza yonke imisebenzi yesigaba sokuqala mveliso).

Engokutshintshwa-nkqubo omtsha kunye nokwamkelwa isicwangciso sokuqala seminyaka emihlanu ukuba kwenziwe kwi-16 kwiNkomfa ye-CPSU (b). Isicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu yokuqala yaqala ngo-Oktobha 1928. Naso xa sicwangciso savunywayo, kodwa lalingekafiki iinjongo ezicacileyo.

Yintoni le njongo zichazwe ngokwayo urhulumente ye-USSR? Okokuqala, kwakuyimfuneko ukuze woyise loo zobuchwepheshe kunye backwardness jikelele zelizwe; Okwesibini, i-eSoviet Union kwakufuneka balahle ukuxhomekeka kwezoqoqosho, ikakhulu izinto zomkhosi; Okwesithathu, phambi kokuba amandla yaba umsebenzi obalulekileyo: ukwenza isakhiwo elinamandla-mveliso; Okwesine, ngezoshishino waba ukunika isiseko esinamandla collectivization.

Isicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu-wokuqala uneempawu zawo:

• lokukhula eliphezulu (mveliso ebizwa ngokuba "ngenkani");
• ebekiweyo (i iminxeba odumileyo "Nika yrs 5 kwiminyaka 4!);
• Ukungayelelelani kuphuhliso: i ngakumbi ubukho bezinto kushishino enzima phezu ukukhanya;
• ukuphunyezwa kwe mveliso ngokuncama imali zasekhaya.

iinkokeli Soviet ukuba usebenzise zonke iindlela ukutsala abantu ubunzima "kwakhiwa." Amakhulu abantu, ebona iminxeba phulo, thumela wakha mveliso, zikaloliwe babeka, bathatha inxaxheba kulwakhiwo izityalo amandla. Kweli xesha, kwabakho ubunzima ezaziwayo-kakuhle iipowusta Soviet ezibonisa undoqo ukuzoyikisela abantu ngelo xesha.

Kwakhona ngexesha isiCwangciso yokuqala Five Year-yasungulwa collectivization, leyo kwakuhambisana ukuhluthwa. Unyaka wesibini kwisicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu yokuqala wayeza kamva kubizwa ngokuba 'ngunyaka inguqu enkulu. " Noko ke, asingabo bonke uyazi ukuba ixabiso wadala iifama ezihlangeneyo kunye neefektri. Zingaphi baphela iintsapho ziye evinjwa indlu, ukuba abantu abaninzi bafa abandayo ...

Ngowe-1932, ukuphela wokuqala Unyaka-Five Plan. iziphumo awo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• enamandla complex wokhuselo sele yenziwe;
• It lwapheliswa ngqesho;
• bazimele kwezoqoqosho eSoviet Union ziphunyeziwe kusini na;
• kwabakho inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo kuqoqosho eSoviet Union ;
• Isicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu eye yavusa kuphuhliso ngokubanzi kweli lizwe.

Lokuqala Year Plan emihlanu ibe impumelelo kusini na ngokubhekiselele kwimisebenzi: dala DnieproGES, Uralmash, kwakukho izityalo intsimbi omkhulu, kuquka isityalo e Magnitogorsk, saseChelyabinsk, Novokuznetsk kunye Norilsk. Wavula komhlaba kuqala e Moscow, waqalisa ukusebenza mveliso uvimba Stalingrad kunye eKharkov. Ngenxa yoko, i-USSR waba amandla omkhulu wamajoni nokuzimela mveliso.