Isivumelwano of Rapallo

Entente wanikela eRashiya ngowe-1921, yena inxaxheba kwinkomfa yamazwe ngamazwe, injongo yaba zokusonjululwa kweembambano phezu amabango koqoqosho lwamazwe Koloni kurhulumente Russian. Kwimeko zokwamkelwa la mabango amazwe aseYurophu kuwuthatha igosa Soviet Russia. Le Nkomfa yavulwa Genoa ekuqaleni Epreli. amazwe ezimashumi mabini anesithoba wathabatha inxaxheba kulo mcimbi. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho eNgilani, eRashiya, eJamani, France kunye namanye amazwe.

ezifunwa Joint amagunya Western baseRashiya ukuze kubuyekezelwe ixesha kunye etyala karhulumente tsarist (engange elinesibhozo billion ngegolide), ukubuya lwepropati uhulumeni yi kwiBolsheviks kummandla elisentshona owayesakuba yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Ukongeza, amazwe Western wafuna ukupheliswa lodwa kurhwebo lwangaphandle, evula indlela ngolwakhiwo angaphandle, kwakunye ekuyekeni ubuxoki olululo States zabo.

Ukuphendula, uRhulumente eSoviet babefuna imbuyekezo ngenxa yomonakalo obangelwe yokungenelela angaphandle ngexesha leMfazwe Civil (amashumi amathathu anesithoba bhiliyoni engange), ukunika intsebenziswano olubanzi loqoqosho ngenxa mboleko ixesha elide West. Phakathi imiqathango abeke phambili yaba zokwamkelwa kwenkqubo yiSoviet lokuncitshiswa jikelele nokuxhotyiswa kunye nokuthintelwa iindlela ngenkohlakalo imfazwe.

Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa Ukungavumi efanayo ukuya ukulalanisa kwezopolitiko, uthetha-thethwano bafikelela ngxaki. Ngelo xesha linye kuye kukho uqhekeko phakathi amagunya Koloni kwinkomfa. Kwinwebu i Entente ithi kwi yokungabikho kweziphumo kwiintlanganiso Wayenaso ngempumelelo isicelo i Amaqhinga umdlalo iiBolsheviks 'phezu ukuphikisana phakathi impiriyali. "

In phakathi kweeseshoni plenary yenkomfa-Aprili 14, 1922 kumda Genoa, uMphathiswa Foreign German Rathenau kunye yaBantu Commissar leMicimbi yangaPhandle Chicherin, Soviet iRussia yasayina isivumelwano mazwe (iSivumelwano Rapallo) ekupheleni efanayo yeemfuno zokutyumba. Kuchithwa kwakukho a elirhoxisa izibonelelo amabango, ngokunjalo nokubuyiselwa unxulumano lobuchule. Ngokusayina iSivumelwano Rapallo, Russia yiSoviet yathatyathwa yi eJamani, de jure (ngokusemthethweni).

Ngenxa yokuba imeko yayo ezinzima zoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko, iJamani wanyanzeleka ukuba basebenzisane kunye eRashiya. Ukongeza, iSivumelwano Rapallo imisebenzi uLenin ukuba ukwahlula phakathi kwamazwe nkulu.

Kamva, ngowe-1924, banomdla kakhulu neentlobano kurhwebo ne-Russia, eNgilani kuqala ezisemthethweni ubukho karhulumente eSoviet. kamva Umzekelo wakhe elandelwa eFransi, Italy kunye namanye amagunya ehlabathi.

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, iSivumelwano Rapallo yaba intshukumo ngempumelelo ongunozakuzaku Soviet Russia. Ngenxa wokutyikitywa kwale elirhoxisa eJamani, amazwe Koloni awakhi indawo elimanyeneyo kwi umba ukubuya impahla uhulumeni eRashiya. Kwangaxeshanye, ukwala urhulumente eMoscow ukususela Kucingelwa yi the Versailles iSivumelwano le izibonelelo nesabelo eJamani ukujongela indawo ngurhulumente waseFransi, leyo efunisa ukuba kuqhubeka Berlin izibonelelo iintlawulo.

Kwangaxeshanye, isivumelwano Rapallo kwaba nemiphumo ingabalulekanga yaye emibi. Nge ukusayina yakhe intsebenziswano Russian kwaye German ngokusekelwe antiversalskoy. amaqhina Military-technical, ezoqoqosho kunye nezenkcubeko phakathi kwamazwe amabini waqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ukongeza, isiqalo sentlanganisela Russian-German uqeqesho-emkhosini. Phakathi Germany neRashiya, nangona i-Versailles uvala intsebenziswano eliyimfihlo sele lusekiwe, olwaqhubeka kwaze ukufika ngamaNazi.

ISivumelwano Rapallo ngo-1922 wanika France nesizathu ukumoyika ubudlelwane Russian-German.