Prince Yury of eMoscow: engobomi, imbali, ulawulo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo

Yury of eMoscow (1281-1325) wayengunyana omdala ka-Prince uDaniyeli eMoscow Alexandrovich kunye nomzukulwana enkulu Aleksandra Nevskogo. Ekuqaleni ulawula Pereslavl, uze emva koko eMoscow, kunye 1303 Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe kwakunzima rhoqo yaseTver wahlaba umtyangapho wekhwelo lokumanywa Russia phantsi komyalelo wakhe.

Usukuzwano

Nangona isihloko Grand Prince Vladimir wanika umniniyo amandla phantse mda kummandla kumazwe Russian emntla-mpuma. imoto yakhe ingqalelo umlawuli lubalaseleyo yaye unelungelo lokuba ukulahla ngokokubona kwayo, yonke imikhosi yamajoni ifumaneka akhonze zayo, yaye kubagweba niqokelele inani lizwe phantsi kwakhe. Ukongezelela, kwakukho omnye lilungelo: nangona yokuphulukana wolawulo enkulu, kokuba igcinwe ngokupheleleyo umhlaba wookhokho yakhe.

Khans, bona, babe nomdla zabo apha. Ndishumayela ileyibhile kwi Vladimir ulawulo, afuna ukuba isicelo inkonzo yakhe olomeleleyo ukuya phambili iimfuno Golden mkhosi. Kungenxa yoko le nto abalawuli ephakamileyo mazwe Russian musa njalo iinkosana zinamandla, njengoko khans bazama ukuba ahlale kule ndawo isixando yaye bathobele ngumlawuli wabo. Kodwa kule ezandleni unyanisekileyo ukuya hlokondiba emfutshane Grand Duke akazange ahlale ixesha elide. Khans kule nkalo ibe nkqubo isoloko kwakhokelela zembujiswano umzabalazo abameli eziliqela amasebe awohlukeneyo Rurik. Ngo-1304 kule nkcaso ebhalisele nesikhulu Yuriy Danilovich Moskovsky.

A nqanaba entsha iimfazwe zamakhaya

Oyimbangi ezingundoqo eMoscow waqala yaseTver emntwini Prince Mihaila Yaroslavicha, nama umzala umalume bonke abazalwana Danilovich. ulawulo lwakhe ngexesha yayigqalwa enamandla kakhulu, yaye ubungqina oku ke inkqubela ezininzi zenziwe kubo okokoko kumzabalazo zembujiswano kunye. Hi ndlela leyi, ixesha eMoscow, kwakunye namanye amazwe Russian kumntla-mpuma, wabanika ndlela phantse kuyo yonke indawo.

Umjikelo entsha zembujiswano ingxabano yaqala ngo-1304, emva kokufa Grand Prince Andrei Alexandrovich. Ukuba umzalwana wakhe, Prince uDaniyeli Moscow, wafa ngaphambi kokuba enze, le ndawo kwakuya unyana omdala kaYuri. Kodwa ke kule meko ke wazifumana umzukulwana Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, uMikhail Yaroslavich Abakwenzayo, owaba ngowokuqala labalawuli yamandulo, wafumana ileyibheli evela Khan. Ukuze le nkosana waya hlokondiba ngethemba ukufumana isihloko, kunye nayo, kunye Pereslavl.

Solution Khan Uzbek

Ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo emva uMikhail saseTver yaye ilandelwe yi-Grand Duke. Kodwa, ngasendleleni, owesibini kwabo ithuba phantse wayengekho. Inyani yokuba Daniil Moskovsky akazange abe ileyibhile ubukumkani olukhulu, ukuze oonyana bakhe ayikwazanga ibango nesihloko omkhulu onje. Phela, oku kuchazwe ngokucacileyo kwi ekunene ngoko patrimonial. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, Mihail Abakwenzayo Lumkela kukhuphiswano evela Duke abaselula Moscow, ngoko wathumela amadoda akhe ukuba aye kumbamba e Suzdal.

Njengoko kubhaliweyo encwadini yemicimbi yemihla, kwaba ngenxa yokuba 1305 nangoku Mihail Yaroslavich wavuka ileyibhile Khan phezu kobukumkani enkulu Vladimir. Ngoko ke, ukukhetha le nyambalala Golden bawa phezu omdala entsatsheni, kodwa akazange wafumana igunya ngokunxulumene Pereslavl. Le ukungaqiniseki iye yakhokelela kwenye ukuqhambuka ubutshaba phakathi uMikhail saseTver kunye eMoscow kaYuri.

Ileyibhile ebukumkanini enkulu

Ngowe-1315 hlokondiba Khan, ukuphendula izikhalazo eziliqela Mihaila Tverskogo, wabiza iTshawe eMoscow. Yury of eMoscow apho kangangeminyaka emibini kwaye ngelo xesha wakwazi ukwenza intembeko kunye ubabalo Uzbek kangangokuba ngowe-1317 irhuluneli wagqiba ukunika ukuba atshate udade wayo Konchak ukuba kwisimbo Orthodox wabiza Agafia. Isipho umshado ilebhile ukuze abaselula, ayibeka ku Prince kaYuri. Ukususela ngoko Mihail Yaroslavich waphulukana sayo sokuba Grand Duke Vladimir.

Kulo nyaka uSarayi Berke Yury of eMoscow kunye nomfazi wakhe ukubola umkhosi phantsi umyalelo Kavgadaya waya indlela umva. Ukugweba okwenzekayo emva koko, amagunya ebanzi kakhulu zanikwa kwisikhulu entsha yenziwe Vladimir. Ndimele ndithi Mihailu Tverskomu wayengafuni ukuba ahlukane ngamandla, kodwa ngaxeshanye, esoyika naziphi na iingxaki kobudlelane ne-mkhosi. Ngoko ke, emva thethwano emfutshane, umthetheli owayesakuba Vladimir Kwanyanzeleka ukuba bayeke isihloko uze ubuyele umhlaba wookhokho babo.

Kwemfazwe yaseTver

Wobukumkani uYuri Danilovich lwaqalisa into yokuba, nakuba zonke umnyinyiva kaMikayeli, yena waya yaseTver imfazwe. Ngowe-1318, wawuqokelela wonke umkhosi wakhe kunye nenkxaso anayo Kavgadaya wasondela phantse emasangweni esixeko. Bekucingelwa ukuba yaseTver bangenele ukuhlaselwa ngaxeshanye, kuphuma kumacala amabini: ukusuka emzantsi-mpuma iya bahlaselwa uYuri Danilovich, wayalela Suzdal kunye eMoscow Ratiu, kwaye ukusuka kumntla-ntshona strike Novgorod. Kodwa sicwangciso zange yenziwe. Isibakala sokuba abantu Novgorod akazange afike ngexesha, yaye kamva bonke wenza uxolo Michael, wajika umkhosi wakhe umva. Ebona le meko, Kavgaday Suzdal kwaye babefuna ukubamba kwaye ufumane umva.

imisebenzi efana Yury Danilovich kunye akhe sizana anayo kukhokelele kwinto yokuba umthetheli eMoscow ekhohlo enye kwicala elinye kunye yaseTver Ratiu. Encwadini yeembali esi sihlandlo wathi xa kukho "ngogonyamelo olukhulu". Njengoko kwakulindelekile, uYuri waphulukana eli dabi, kunye yokutyiwa womkhosi wakhe wabaleka, kunye Mihail Yaroslavich wayithimba amadoda amaninzi, kwakunye nomfazi wakhe Agafia (Konchak), nto leyo kungekudala wafa ekuthinjweni. ulwazi oluchanekileyo oonobangela wokufa kwakhe apho. Emva koko, njengoko esi sivumelwano yoxolo, zombini umthetheli kwafuneka ukuba aye anayo.

Ukwenziwa Mihaila Tverskogo

Zisuka nje kwacaca ukuba loo nalwazelelelo Khan Prince akayi kunixolela. Mihail Yaroslavich wazama ukubalelana nabo bakhe utshaba elide-ixesha nokukhangeleka indawo anayo. Wabathuma ukuba eMoscow, Ambassador Oleksa Marković ngokwemiyalelo uYuri Danilovich wabulawa, emva koko umthetheli kunye Kavgadaem wakhawuleza ukuya Khan. Ekufikeni, atyhola Michael uMbuso, lokufihla irhafu kunye nokufa Princess Agafya. inkundla Khan yamfumana enetyala waza wagwetyelwa ukufa. November 22, 1318 wathotyelwa ukusebenza.

Gcina uxwebhu - "ibali yaseTver" ezibhalwe nguyise ka-Prince Michael. It umphathi uhlobo Alexander ubiza isixhobo eMoscow uYuri ezandleni Khan. Uthi inkosana ngokwenene wenze yinkundla umtshutshisi uMikhail Yaroslavich. Ndimele ndithi ukuba abantu abafileyo bebesoloko wayesoyikwa njengegorha, ngoko ke ngowe-1549 isigqibo yesibini Moscow Cathedral ukuba lamiselwa.

nobuso entsha

Emva kokuba ukubulawa umthetheli saseTver wokulawula uYuri Danilovich lazola noko iminyaka emibini. Ngowe-1321, kwaye kwacaca ukuba yeengxaki ezinkulu akunakuphepheka. Into yokuba aphume ukuthobela yakhe ukushiya koonyana uMikayeli, lo mdala kubo, Dmitriy Abakwenzayo, waqalisa ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo amabango abo kwisihloko ephakamileyo. Le ingxabano phakathi abathetheli ababini kukhokelele kwinto yokuba AmaTatar kwakhona waya kulwa ne-Russia. Ukongeza, kwakudingeka ukuba ukuqokelela irhafu ngenxa khan. Ngokuchasene neli, e Rostov rose uphakamo langoku, ngoko uYuri Danilovich kwafuneka ukusebenzisa amandla wamajoni.

Ekugqibeleni kubafo kodwa ezingekaqokelelwa, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile, inkosana oko akazange ocande ezandleni Kavgadaya. Kunoko, yena nabo bonke izinto ebusika 1321 waya Novgorod kumzalwana wakhe. Encwadini yeembali akukho ingcaciso esi senzo yesibhovubhovu. Ababhali-mbali bacinga ukuba oku kwenziwa ngabom, yaye inxalenye yemali eqokelelwe eyayichithwa imfazwe nxamnye balwa. Kuba inxenye yayo, anayo ingqalelo sokubanjwa unikelo ulwaphulo-mkhulu. indawo Created ngoko nangoko wathabatha Dmitriy Mihaylovich Abakwenzayo, uWele amehlo bayingozi, kwaye ekwindla ka-1322 i-Uzbek wamnika ileyibhile, ngaloo ndlela ukubandezana urhulumente yakhe yangaphambili kwi-mthetho.

Nesikhulu Moskovskiy Yuriy Danilovich kwakhona

Ngokufutshane chaza ubomi bakhe elizayo kunokuba kuba ngolu hlobo: okokuqala kwanyanzeleka ukuba babaleke, njengegunya elipheleleyo ngoku iintshaba zawo ezimbi - oonyana Mihaila Yaroslavicha Tverskogo. Ekuqaleni wayezifihle Pskov, Novgorod ke, apho wayehlala 1322 ngenxa 1324.

Yury-nkqubo iMoscow amazwe abonisa ngokucacileyo konke akazange ingqalelo ulawulo Dmitriya Tverskogo, iye yathath 'inxaxheba yonke imicimbi ngamazwe, yaye kwaba sekunjalo lilungelo leZiko eliQinisekisa Grand Duke. Ngaphezu koko, nguye lowo balwa balwa, wabenza baba ekuthiwa-Orekhovets Treaty, elathi laseka kumda ophakathi Sweden ne Novgorod. Kwakhona ngokomyalelo yakhe kwisiza Neva River ngaphandle of Lake Ladoga Fortress Oreshek yayakhiwe, elaba into ebalulekileyo ukuzithethelela kwaye ngaphezu kwakanye wasindisa ilizwe Russian izisongelo ekuthatheni ngabahlaseli yayo angaphandle kule minyaka izayo.

Ngokubanzi, uYuri Danilovich waba nkqubo abathanda uxolo amazwe, njengokuba wazama ukuhlala kweli hlabathi njengoko balwa, kunye Golden anayo. Nangona kunjalo, xa kukho imfuneko, wayekwazi ukwenza kunye nempumelelo ukuya emfazweni. Umzekelo oku ayanceda phulo lakhe Ustyug. Apha wamela imidla yabantu Novgorod, owayenesifo ezininzi okuthile ustyuzhan.

Lokubulala kaYuri Danilovich

Dmitriy Abakwenzayo, emva kokufunda ukuba hambo kwi Ustyug Prince waya loo mkhosi mkhulu kunene, bakhawuleza emva kwakhe. Wayeqinisekile ukuba uYuri Danilovich okleveschet kulo, kanye njengokuba ubawo. Zombini abathetheli waba kakhulu ixesha elide ukuba bahlale loo mkhosi mkhulu kunene, belinde okusisiphumo ye Khan. Kungekudala ke kwangena umzalwana Dmitriya Tverskogo, Alexander. Kuthathwa ukuba uwakhuphile ityala Saransk egciniswe ukwenzela ukuba kuzo alinyulele mboleko entsha.

Ngowe-1325, oko kukuthi, Novemba 22, kwaba kanye ezisixhenxe zeminyaka, mini wafa ezweni loo mkhosi mkhulu kunene Mihail Abakwenzayo, nguDmitry noyise Alexander kaThixo. Kuba bazalwana, lo mhla untsundu kuphela ngemini ngokunikhumbuza nesijwili, kodwa impindezelo. Inyaniso ukuba olwandulela intlanganiso iintshaba emibini ezingadibaniyo - nguDmitry bayingozi amehlo kunye kaYuri Danilovich. Enoba kwaba yingozi kwaye lonke liqhinga, akwaziwa. Kuphela Nikon Chronicle ithi nguDmitry Mikhailovich wambulala uYuri Danilovich, ngethemba lokuba uza ubabalo ukumkani Uzbek kunye neendawo ilifa kunye imivuzo isikhulu ungasekhoyo. Umbhali-mbali Russian ezaziwayo-kakuhle V. N. Tatischev, owayephila Ekuveleni XVII kunye XVIII iinkulungwane, kwiincwadi zakhe kwinkolelo yokuba kwakungekho nto ngaphandle revenge for uyise Svoge.

sokubala

NguDmitry Mikhailovich, bebase kokutshatana, wayethembe ukuba Khan uya kumxolela liqhinga enjalo, ekubeni kwakusazeka ukuba ngexesha Prince Yury of eMoscow ezahlala ngaphandle ukuzithandisa umlawuli anayo. Noko ke, ngathi despot lokwenyaniso, Uzbeks akwazi ukuxolela izifundo zakhe lukhulu, kodwa nalwazelelelo. Ngoko ke into yokuqala waxelela ukuthumela umzimba Prince ngamakhulu eMoscow kwilizwe lakhe, waza wayalela ukubanjwa umbulali.

Isigwebo Khan kwafuneka alinde phantse unyaka. Ngenxa yoko, Dmitriy Abakwenzayo, wagwetyelwa ukufa. Nokuba kwenzeka wasemzini, okanye yiyo le-Uzbek Khan, kuphela Prince, ndayihluthwa yobomi ngomhla wokuzalwa kwakhe - September 15, 1326, xa wayeneminyaka engama-28 kuphela ubudala. Njengoko Chronicle, kunye naye babulawa kwaye nelinye Russian - Aleksandra Novosilskogo. Kungenzeka, baba ngabahlobo abakhulu kunye walungisa kukubulawa kaYuri Danilovich.

Ukomeleza lo Grand Duchy of eMoscow

UPawulos ibhodi, sinokuthi uYuri Danilovich, umgaqo-nkqubo zangaphakathi leyo swi ngokupheleleyo kwi-mandla lonke kunye nokudalwa kwamandla nkqi, iye bungalahleki kwesinomhlwa nayiphi na imihlaba ifunyenwe kanye ilifa kuyise. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, wada ikwazile ukwandisa kubo. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1303, waye wajoyina i-ubulawuli Mozhaisk, kwiminyaka emibini kamva, Pereslavl, kwaye ngo-1311 no Nizhny Novgorod, apho kamva olawulwa umzalwana wakhe Boris. Ngowe-1320 Yuriy Moskovsky waya emfazweni nxamnye Ryazan Prince Ivan Yaroslavich ukuba qhoboshela impahla yayo ngakumbi Kolomna.