Umbhali American uMarta Gellhorn: engobomi, ubomi yakho, umsebenzi

Ezingqondweni Martha Gellhorn ezininzi sihlale umfazi yesithathu ka- Ernest Hemingway. Ngaloo ubekwa iincwadi zesikhokelo, iintyilalwazi, nangona wayengomnye abafazi ezimbalwa ingxelo emkhosini.

Ngentliziyo yonke othembekileyo ezilolonga journalistic, uye enikelwe iingxelo ngokubhala kungekho ngaphantsi kwe minyaka imashumi mathandathu. Eli bhinqa yawongwa ngokusesikweni isihloko omnye iintatheli abahlanu nempembelelo enkulu nokusekwa kunye nophuhliso loluntu eUnited States ebudeni benkulungwane XX. Esi isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwaphawula kukhululwe uthotho elikhethekileyo izitampu iimvulophu.

ulwazi oluchaza

UMarta Gellhorn wazalelwa St. Louis (USA) ngo-1908. Abazali bakhe baba Dzhordzh Gellhorn (ugqirha) kunye uEdna Fishell elikhokelayo ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abasetyhini ukuba isebenze.

UMarta Young e ebuntwaneni bakhe baqalisa ukuba babhale imibongo namabali amafutshane, ngoko akukho mntu wothuka xa udize iinjongo zakhe ukufikelela phezulu kwi yobugcisa zombhali. Emva kokuba egqibe ekholejini, waya kusebenza kwindlu encinane nokupapasha iinkqubo kunye babhala iingxelo malunga iindaba zehlabathi mthetho. Noko ke, apha ngoMatshi akazange ahlale waya eYurophu zikhangela adventure kunye nemixholo ezintsha.

isiqalo Quick yintatheli

amangalisayo nentatheli amadodana ubuchule ukufumana iindlela ukufumana abantu abanempembelelo. Ngoxa kwikomkhulu French, iintsuku uMarta Gellhorn phantse ezimbalwa ndafumana umsebenzi kweli phephancwadi ethandwa udumile. Sele njengoko othile le ncwadi yena kuye kwatsala ingqalelo umbhali Bertrand de Jouvenel, uyise yezopolitiko odumileyo French kunye namazwe.

Ngokutsho data ongekho mthethweni, ukuba satshata, kodwa uxwebhu ayiqinisekiswanga. Ngelo xesha, Bertrand wayetshatile, yaye akukho bungqina bokuba kukho umtshato. Nakowuphi na umzekelo, oku ulwalamano zange kube kudala, njengoko uMarta Gellhorn Kwanele kuluntu French, waza waba nomdla ukuphisa imfazwe eYurophu. Ulishiye Paris, eshiya Bertrand.

Amazing

Emva kokuba Melika yena waqala ukuba isebenze njenge intatheli kwiphephandaba enkulu. amabali bakhe omhle kangangokuba umntu onjalo enamandla, uHarry Hopkins, waba nomdla ngubani uMarta Gellhorn. Biography of intatheli inika iinyaniso ngokwalatha nentsebenziswano yayo kunye norhulumente Franklin D. Roosevelt, owayesebenza Hopkins. Egameni kaMongameli Administration of intombazana Wamgxotha ke izixeko eziphambili of America kunye wabhala intlaninge yamaxwebhu ngoko iziphumo zaba le -Great Depression for ngokwezigaba ezahlukeneyo zabemi. Iziphumo ubonwa zanikezelwa nje kuphela amanqaku journalistic, kodwa kwincwadi ethi "Inkathazo ndiye ndabona." Le yingqokelela yamabali umsebenzi wokuqala zoncwadi, leyo wathi uMarta Gellhorn. iincwadi zayo, njengoko iimpapasho uninzi ibhalwe ngendlela ekhethekileyo, zemvelo ngaphandle bokubanga ( "baphulukana ukulwa," "Ukuhamba yedwa kunye Hewana").

Kule nkqubo, noMarta waba ngumhlobo osenyongweni Eleonory Ruzvelt, umfazi kaMongameli. Ukongeza izinto ezifanayo, bafumana ukuba inenekazi lokuqala wayesazi umama wakhe uMarta zekholeji.

Indawo abantu abanempembelelo nentatheli yazo iivoti wathembisa ukuba umsebenzi obalaseleyo kulawulo, balandela umsebenzi yezopolitiko. Kodwa onke amalungelo mzamo xa kuthelekiswa adventure ezayo kunye yokuhamba, ngoko ke ukhetho sekucaca uMarta.

Ubuhlobo Wells

Ukutyelela ikhaya kaMongameli, uMarta unawo siqhelane umbhali odumileyo owayesebenza uhlobo fiction yesayensi, kunye HG Wells. Kwakhona waba lundwendwe bamkelekile kwintsapho kaMongameli.

Ngelo xesha, uHerbert waba emtshatweni yaye, ukongeza, ziqulathe abathandi eziliqela, kodwa akaba nako ukumelana xi noMarta. Phantsi impembelelo olunayo, ugqiba kwelokuba aye naye eYurophu, kanye Iziko ezithile imfazwe up.

Ngokwenene, ngenxa uWells kunye kogcino wakhe waqalisa ukujikeleza xa izangqa eziphezulu journalistic. Ubushushu alukapheli kulwalamano lwabo emva kweminyaka emininzi, xa bobabini amadoda emizi.

Iyazazi Hemingway

Imfuno kunye ukuthandwa intatheli kwi 30 ephakathi iphumelele isikali emikhulu: uhambo lwakhe ukuya kumazwe aseYurophu kunye amanqaku ayityhile inyaniso ngqwabalala yobomi ezidume American, baba azamkelekanga umlinganiswa. "Joe sloppy" UMarta Nantso intlanganiso ebalulekileyo kunye nombhali odumileyo Ernest Hemingway kubanjwa ngexesha Florida Bar. Ngokutsho Ernest, wayothukile ukuba imilenze omhle othandekayo xa ikhula uMarta waza wamthanda nabo kuqala, uze emva koko kakhulu yakhe.

Ekhohlo e Florida, abahlobo intatheli kunye Polin Pfayfer, umfazi umbhali ngelo xesha. Nangona ukuba uPauline wabhala kwakhona ngenxa esamkelwayo kwaye kwakuhlaziya ubuntu umdla, Hemingway wayesele ahambe noMarta. Phakathi zabo eyayiqhelekile uthando eshushu xa ndisiya eSpeyin, ngoko akumangalisi ukuba bobabini eseleyo kweli lizwe siyadlula imfazwe yamakhaya.

imisebenzi Joint ingxelo

Hemingway & Gellhorn bafika e-Spain ekukhanyeni: zibe ityesi omnye hayi ngaphezulu kwe amahlanu zeerandi ezimbini. uthando wabo cula iziganeko ezenzeka kweli lizwe, yaye, ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali, uMarta abanyamezela ngcono kakhulu ukubhala iingxelo ngaphezu nesithandwa sakhe ibalulekileyo.

Bobabini abe novelwano Social Party, ngubani ke ngoko ngamandla, kunye namanqaku zazo zaye zabhalwa ngale ndawo.

1940 kwaphawulwa i izibini umtshato esemthethweni. Bobabini baqhubeka nemisebenzi yabo ingxelo, ukuya eFinland, eFransi, Indonesia kunye neTshayina. Ngenxa yoko, uMarta Ernest ndizuze igama ezazivela imfazwe ezikrelekrele.

Intatheli le Ndithelekelele kothando umbhali, njengoko inoveli "Kuba lowo toll Bell", Ernest weza ehlabathini lonke udumo, sanikezelwa kuye. Emva kweminyaka embalwa yobomi abhadulayo esi sibini uthenge welifa, bahlala kuyo.

Hemingway & Gellhorn: umzabalazo weempawu

ulonwabo Family Isibini odumileyo akazange umiselwe ukuba ihlale ixesha elide. Neenkanuko ayephezulu ngenxa ukuthingaza Martha sigobe neemfuno indoda yakhe ayizange itshintshe igama, ukubaleka indlu, uze ulandele emanyathelweni abafazi zangaphambili kunye mistresses Ernest.

Intsingiselo ubomi Intatheli kumsebenzi oqeqeshelweyo, kwaye inyathelo yayo isigqibo zange afumane inkxaso yomyeni wakhe. Yena egxile yena lo msebenzi xa imfazwe: waba-moya ngexesha iziqhushumbisi, wathabatha inxaxheba Allied kokufika eNormandy, babukela babugubungela ukukhululwa kwinkampu yoxinaniso yaseDachau.

Ayikwazi ukumelana ukungabikho rhoqo yomfazi wakhe yaye isimo sakhe nzima phezu ndima, Hemingway wamnika ukuba mandikhethe yakhe. ukhetho March kwakunzima zomtshato - icela inkululeko kunye adventure. Kodwa usoloko wahlala emthunzini yombhali odumileyo.

umsebenzi Further Marty Gellhorn

Emva kokuphela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II waqalisa intatheli coverage ezinye iingxabano zomkhosi. Kwisiqingatha sesibini bencwadi XX amaphephandaba kunye neemagazini ziqo- iziganeko ezininzi nge emehlweni noMarta.

Yayibonisa ukuba amaNazi ukwenza kwakhokelela ekubeni umbhali wasivuna amalungelo abantu bamaJuda imeko yabo, waza wabhala kwakhona malunga ukuqotywa ngamaNazi.

Umtshato lesithathu umbhali, kunye umhleli oyinhloko we "The Times" T. Matthews, waba elide, kodwa ke sichithakele Matshi emva inoveli elide Ukuveza kwicala indoda yakhe. UMarta Gellhorn, ubomi zobuqu wayesisityebi, kodwa kakhulu aziphumelelanga, ekugqibeleni waphoxwa kunye neziko womtshato akazange atshate. Life intatheli waphazanyiswa ngokuthanda kwakhe ngo-1998: enesifo somdlavuza ndibe ndiyimfama nje ngokupheleleyo, wathabatha idosi enkulu amayeza.

Umbhali nentatheli uMarta Gellhorn, ecaphula ngokubanzi lwenziwe kwaye kungabekwa maxesha amaninzi, abe uhlobo izithixo zonke feminists kunye nabafazi ezizimeleyo. Eyona kakuhle eyaziwayo ingxelo yakhe ngaye ex-indoda: "Ndaba Umbhali phambi kokuba wadibana naye, kwaye waba ngumbhali kangangeminyaka engama-45 emva kokuba Kutheni na ukuba ndibe nje umbhalo ebomini bomnye umntu.?"