Yintoni eli laphu isigubungelo? Uqweqwe ngelaphu: Imisebenzi kunye neempawu zolwakhiwo weeseli

Ilaphu - iseti iiseli, umanyaniswe isakhiwo efanayo nokusebenza, nempahla intercellular. Ukususela amalaphu kwakhiwa imizimba, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, benza inkqubo yomzimba. Uninzi eziphilayo multicellular luqulathe iintlobo ezininzi kwithishyu.

iyantlukwano

Science ukuba ufunda esikule (histology), liqaqambisa ezininzi kweentlobo zabo.

Iintlobo izixwexwe zezilwanyana :

• kuhlangana;
• kwimisipha;
• thazeke;
• isigubungelo inyama (epithelial);

Iintlobo izicwili zezityalo:

• IMFUNDO (meristem);
• parenchyma;
• eli laphu yokuzigubungela;
• mechanical;
• excretory;
• conductive.

Ngalinye iintlobo laphu kudibanisa iintlobo eziliqela.

Iintlobo kwizicwili:

• yesithokothoko;
• iseyile;
• reticular;
• intlala;
• ithambo;
• fat;
• lymphoma;
• igazi.

Iintlobo esiqwini imisipha :

• ziindlela ezigudileyo;
• striated;
• intliziyo.

Iintlobo yengubo zemfundo :

• apical;
• nangapha;
• eyodwa.

Iintlobo yengubo conductive :

• xylem;
• phloem.

Iintlobo inyama ngomatshini:

• kolenhima;
• sclerenchyma.

Malunga iintlobo, isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi laphu nesigubungelo lezilwanyana kunye nezityalo ziya ukuxoxwa ingenkcukacha ezininzi ngezantsi.

Iimpawu ze ubume bomxhatshazwa ukutyabeka. ulwazi jikelele

Iimpawu ze ubume bomxhatshazwa ukutyabeka ngenxa kwindawo yayo engqongileyo. Nangona kukho iintlobo ezininzi kolu hlobo esiqwini, ukuba ziyafana bonke.

Kusoloko kukho inani elikhulu zeeseli into encinane intercellular. amasuntswana zezakhiwo ibekwe kufuphi enye kwenye. Ubume yemeko ukutyabeka kwaye usoloko yokuqhelaniswa ngokucacileyo iiseli esithubeni. Le yokugqibela isahlulo sibe ephezulu nesezantsi yaye inxalenye ephezulu zisoloko zibekwe kufutshane kumphezulu emzimbeni. Enye inkalo, leyo luphawulwa ubume bomxhatshazwa ukutyabeka, sesokuba neenkcukacha zeposi kakuhle. iiseli zayo elifutshane elide. Bayakwazi ngokukhawuleza ukwabelana, ngenxa apho inyama esoloko ihlaziywa.

amalaphu Function alufane

Okokuqala bonke badlala indima yokhuselo, yahlukanisa okusingqongileyo yangaphakathi kweli hlabathi lwangaphandle.

Bathwala kwakhona ngaphandle ukutshintshiselana kunye nemisebenzi excretory. Amaxesha amaninzi, eli laphu nesigubungelo unikwe pores ukuqinisekisa oku. Le yokugqibela Owona msebenzi - receptor.

Olunye uhlobo zokwaleka izitho izilwanyana - epithelium glandular - lenza umsebenzi secretory.

Ngeso lenyama plant lolwabo

Kukho iindidi ezintathu zazo:

• eziziiprayimari;
• zamabanga;
• Ngaphezulu.

Ancedisana inshorensi zaseprayimari izityalo ziquka sangaphandle kunye exoderm. Eyokuqala phezu komhlaba amagqabi kunye abatsha neziqu, kwaye eyesibini - kwi ingcambu.

Secondary coating ilaphu - periderm. Yena undixinzelele ukhulile iziqu.

Ngaphezu koko nesigubungelo ngelaphu - eqweqweni okanye ritidom.

Sangaphandle: isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza

Eyona njongo iphambili kolu hlobo kwilaphu - ukubonelela ukhuseleko izityalo kukoma. Wabonakala eziphilayo kamsinya nje beza elunxwemeni. Kuba ulwelwe, sangaphandle ayide langoku, kodwa izityalo ibihlungu-beyithwele seyinikiwe.

A cover yeseli ngelaphu le Uhlobo le udonga olungaphandle eqinileyo. Zonke iiseli in ukunxibelelana nabanye.

Xa izityalo ephakamileyo, ubuso bonke ligutyungelwe Ulobuza inyama - inwebu cutin wax.

Ubume kwesigubungelo izityalo laphu ibonelela ngendlela ekhethekileyo elide - yokondliwa. Kuba iyimfuneko amanzi, exchange igesi kunye ummiselo lobushushu. izixhobo Stomatal ukhandwa iiseli ezizodwa: icala ezimbini vula ngokwesiqhelo eziliqela. iiseli Guard ziyahluka kwezinye ukwanda kwenani chloroplasts. Ngaphezu koko, iindonga yabo edyokhweni eqinileyo. Enye inkalo ubume iiseli yabalindi - ukwandisa inani mitochondria kunye leucoplasts kunye nezondlo ezingaphezulu.

Izitomata izityalo siphezulu ibekwe phezu kwamahlamvu, ngokuqhelekileyo kwicala elingaphantsi kwe icala, kodwa ukuba isityalo amanzi - phezulu.

Enye inkalo sangaphandle - ebusweni kweenwele, okanye trichomes. Ukuze iqulunqwe iseli enye okanye ezininzi. Kwaneenwele ezi babe glandular nje, umzekelo, ukusuka umba.

periderm

Olu hlobo inshorensi ngelaphu na uphawu zezityalo ephakamileyo babe enemithi iziqu.

Periderm iqulathe ngeengcamba ezintathu. Middle - phellogen - kubalulekile. Xa lidala zaso ngcembe Obumbe zangaphandle - fellema (ityhubhu) kunye lwangaphakathi - phelloderm.

Imisebenzi engundoqo periderm - kukho ukhuseleko kwezityalo nxamnye umonakalo, kwii-eziphilayo yayintsholongwane eyosulela, kwakunye nokubonelela lobushushu eqhelekileyo. Umsebenzi yokugqibela inikwa umaleko engaphandle - fellemoy kuba zaso nomoya.

Umsebenzi kunye nesakhiwo uqweqwe

It iqulathe kwabafileyo iiseli yesikhumba phellogen. Ngaphezu koko eli laphu egubungele phezu ngaphandle, ngeenxa zonke periderm.

Eyona umsebenzi lo uqweqwe - ukhuseleko izityalo kumonakalo kunye namaqondo kakhulu.

Iiseli yalo inyama abakwazi ukwabelana. Iiseli njengoko kwezinye iithishu ngaphakathi lahlulwe. Ngcembe kuqweqwe wayeselula, ngaleyo ndlela kwande sangqa enamathele esihlahleni. Nangona kunjalo, eli laphu abe luthambe ephantsi ngokwaneleyo kuba zaso ilifa iimvulophu ngqongqo kakhulu cornified. Kulo mba, lo uqweqwe uqalisa ukuzivula kungekudala.

Uqweqwe okwakha in kwezilo

Iintlobo cover nezihlunu izilwanyana kakhulu ezahlukeneyo ngaphezu kwizityalo. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.

Kuxhomekeka isakhiwo kubabela ezi ntlobo izicwili inshorensi izilwanyana: enye-ezikroziswayo multi-umaleko epithelium. Imilo ye yeseli yokuqala yohlulwe cubic, ayaba zezindlu. Kuxhomekeka imisebenzi ancedisana ezinye iimpawu lwesakhiwo yayo bahlule sensitive, epithelium glandular ciliated.

Kukho nenye Ukuhlelwa sangaphandle - kuxhomekeka esikule kokuba avele kuwo ngexesha uphuhliso mbungu. Ngokwalo mgaqo ziyakwazi ukuchongeka epidermal, enterodermalny, tselonefrodermalny, ependimoglialny kunye neendidi angiodermalny of epithelium. Imvelaphi wabumba evela ectoderm. Amaninzi ke multi-sixhobo sekhombuya esinee, kodwa kuyenzeka kwaye multilane (pseudostratified).

Enterodermalny wabumba ukusuka endoderm, yinto enye-umaleko. Tselonefrodermalny wabumba mesoderm. Olu uhlobo olunye-maleko epithelium, kunokuba cubic okanye iflethi. Ependimoglialny - epithelium akhethekileyo imigca ezi nemingxuma ingqondo. Oku wabumba tube osandul zemithambo yi umaleko ube mnye, flat. Angiodermalny wabumba mesenchyme, ukuba ibekwe kwicala elingaphakathi isitya. Abanye abaphandi bathi oku ukuba epithelial izihlunu, kwaye uqhagamshelwano.

Sakhiwo umsebenzi

Izinto zobumnini enamathela zomzimba elele zezilwanyana into yokuba iiseli ibekwe kufutshane kakhulu kwezinye, phantse akukho nto intercellular ngamnye.

Enye into - ubukho ongaphantsi ndizayo. Oku akhiwa umsebenzi iiseli kunye inshorensi kwizicwili. Zenza inwebu carcinomas imalunga 1 micron. It iqulathe iipleyiti ezimbini: ukukhanya nobumnyama. Eyokuqala i material amorphous kunye protein ephantsi, ion calcium osisityebi, nebonelela unxibelelwano phakathi iiseli. ipleyiti Dark has inani elikhulu fibrillar collagen kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezibonelela ubukroti ndizayo. Ngaphezu koko, xa isitya ebumnyameni iqulethe fibronectin kunye laminin, ezo eziyimfuneko ukuze nokuhlaziya ngokutsa epithelium.

epithelium wakubo has isakhiwo anzima ngaphezu umaleko ube mnye. Umzekelo, epithelium engqindilili ulusu siquka zihlanu: Basal, spinous, granular, limenyezelayo kunye horny. Iiseli ze maleko ngamnye isakhiwo ezahlukeneyo. Iiseli ze umaleko carcinomas zahluke imilo zezindlu, umaleko spinous - kwi imilo polygon, granular - rhomboid, brilliant - flat ezinawo - iiseli enamaxolo efile ezaliswe ngekeratini.

Imisebenzi kwithishyu epithelial - kukukhusela umzimba nxamnye umonakalo kwaye thermal evela kwii kwamagciwane. Ezinye iintlobo epithelium abe imisebenzi ethile. Umzekelo, glandular onoxanduva secretion ka emzimbeni kunye nezinye izinto ezifana earwax, umbilo, ubisi, kunye nabanye.

Beka iindidi ezahlukeneyo epithelium emzimbeni

Kuba ukuxelwa kwalo mxholo itafile.

uhlobo epithelium	uphi
flat	kwisisu Oral, nasopharynx, kuvuleke iminxunya
zezindlu	Icala ngaphakathi esiswini, amathumbu
cubic	tubules sezintso
sensitive	komgodi ngeempumlo
ciliated	yomoya
glandular	glands
multilayered	isikhumba Upper umaleko (Ulobuza, sangaphandle)

Ezinye zezi ntlobo inemisebenzi ethile. Umzekelo, thinta sangaphandle, okuye impumlo, nguye onoxanduva enye izivamvo ezintlanu - ingqiqo ivumba.

iziphumo

Eli laphu egubungele uphawuleka izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Kule yesibini, ukuba zahlukahlukene kakhulu ngakumbi, ukuba isakhiwo ezinokuntsonkotha enze imisebenzi ngakumbi.

Ngeso lenyama yezityalo inyama ezi kweentlobo ezintathu: lokuqala, elesibini ngakumbi. Uphawu lokuqala lwazo zonke izityalo, ngaphandle ulele, aphakamileyo - kuba ezo nto siyenza ngokuyinxenye uyaqina, ngaphezulu - izityalo kunye Isiqu oderevenevayuschim ngokupheleleyo.

Ukugubungela izixwexwe zezilwanyana kuthiwa epithelial. Kukho inani ukuhlela kwi nenani lamanqanaba ngohlobo iiseli, imisebenzi, ngokutsho kumthombo ukubunjwa. Ngokutsho yokuhlela kuqala, kukho enye-ezikroziswayo multi-umaleko epithelium. La manqaku lwesibini tyaba, cubic, zezindlu, ciliated. Okwesithathu - sensitive, glandular. Ngokutsho owesine, kukho epidermal, enterodermalny, tselonefrodermalny, ependimoglialny kunye epithelium angiodermalny.

Eyona Injongo iintlobo ezininzi amalaphu daka kunye nezilwanyana kunye nezityalo - nokukhusela umzimba nasiphi na isibonelelo ngenxa yemeko ezisingqongileyo, ulawulo lobushushu.