Ngubani na owabulala Alexander 2 yaye ngoba? Xa Alexander wabulawa yi-2?

I koMlawuli wehla waya kwimbali kunye walithiywa 'uMkhululi', kuthwalelwa phandle umntu eminyaka ubudala ephupheni abantu ukupheliswa serfdom, waba lixhoba abantu bantu, ukuba udidi lobomi wasifaka umzamo omkhulu kangaka. ukufa kwakhe kuphakamisa imibuzo emininzi phakathi mbali. Siyazi igama kwabagrogrisi yaphosa ukuqhushumba, yaye, nangona kunjalo, lo mbuzo: "Yini na ukuba abulawe Alexander 2? 'Kwaye akukho impendulo ecacileyo unanamhla.

Uhlaziyo lwemithetho kunye neziphumo zazo

umsebenzi kaRhulumente Alexander 2 zingasebenza umzekeliso lo mzekeliso odumileyo 'igcwele kunye neenjongo ezintle indlela eya esihogweni. " Ezihlangwini zikayise xa eneminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesithandathu, wenza uthotho zinguquko olukhulu. Wakwazi ukugqiba yingozi iRashiya i iCrimea War, ehluleka engenakulungiseka uyise - uNicholas I. kwarhoxiswa serfdom. ngenkani lusekiwe, wazisa urhulumente wengingqi kwaye wenze nohlaziyo egwebayo. Ukongeza, wakwazi ukunciphisa ukuhluza iindaba kunye nokuququzelela zokuhamba aphesheya.

Noko ke, ngenxa yazo zonke iziqalo akhe alungileyo, kuquka kwimbali naseRussia njengohlobo "iinguqu ezinkulu", waye intlupheko abalimi, bakhululwa ebukhobokeni, kodwa anqunyulwe umthombo zazo eziphambili impilo - zehlabathi; kwamanani abanini bazo yangaphambili - iingangamsha; urhwaphilizo, liquke wonke amacandelo karhulumente; uthotho iimpazamo lilishwa kumgaqo amazwe. Ngokucacileyo ke, kudityaniswe zonke ezi zinto kufuneka afune impendulo umbuzo wokuba kutheni wabulawa Alexander 2.

Ukuqala umtya bahlaselwe

Kwimbali Russian asinguye uPhilip, leyo kuba ngokungaguquki behlaselwa sazama ukumbulala. Alexander 2 kwenziwe amalinge ezintandathu, owokugqibela eyabonakala esibulalayo kuye. Nangaphambi kokuba "Narodnaya Volya" - umbutho owabulala Alexander 2 - ibhengeze ngokupheleleyo ubukho bayo, uludwe abagrogrisi wavula nguDmitry Karakozov enye. April 4, 1866 (yonke imihla zinikwe kweli nqaku, isimbo esitsha), ke yena wazixuna omkhulu, bephuma esangweni yomyezo Ihlobo kwi Neva eweni. Wadubula aluphumelelanga, lasindisa ubomi Alexander.

Ukuzama yenziwa May 25, 1867 eParis immigrant Polish Anton Berezovsky. Oku kwenzeka ebudeni ngotyelelo * uKhesare kwi Wehlabathi Fair. Le shooter ephosiweyo. isenzo yakhe kamva wachaza ukuba impindezelo umlawuli Russian ukuba ingcinezelo onegazi kwimvukelo Polish 1863.

Oku kwalandelwa uhlaselo Aprili 14, 1879, wabophelela umvavanyi umhlala Collegiate Aleksandrom Solovovym, yinxalenye yentlangano "Land and Freedom". Wakwazi ukubukela ekubeni * uKhesare kwi Palace Square ngexesha ukuhamba kwakhe njengesiqhelo, yena wenza yedwa yaye sikhuselekile. Umhlaseli yenze izithonga ezintlanu, kodwa watsho phantsi.

Bt of the People

1 kuDisemba waloo nyaka, ezama yakhe yokuqala yenziwa yi-People, owabulala Alexander 2 kwiminyaka emibini kamva. Bazama ukuqhushumba uloliwe yasebukhosini ngexesha indlela yakhe eMoscow. Emva kokuba bethintelwe ukuqonda izicwangciso zethu ibug ngenxa apho yasha ayikho ekwakhiweni, kunye noMlawuli wahlala engenawo nomkrwelo.

Kwaye, ekugqibeleni, uthotho imizamo lizalisa dubulo Liyaduduma Februwari 17, 1880 kumgangatho wokuqala lakwaWinter Palace. It yenza ilungu lombutho "Abantu kaThixo Ukuthanda" Stepan Khalturin. Oku kwakunjalo yokugqibela, xa bayahlelwa yoMlawuli ukusindisa ubomi. Eli xesha Alexander 2 kusindiswa ekufeni yi ithagethi lihambile ngosuku ngedinala, kwaye umatshini wesihogo wayesebenza engekho. Sele umsebenzi okhethekileyo urhulumente wamiselwa iveki yokulwa ubunqolobi nokugcina ucwangco lizwe.

Igazi eweni emisele

Ebulalayo * kuKhesare March 13, 1881. Ngale mini, yena, njengesiqhelo, ebuya amajoni woqhawulo mtshato Mikhailovsky Manege. Emva etyeleleyo ndlela Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Catherine Mikhailovna, Alexander ahamba ngendlela yawo, waya eweni ye-Catherine Canal, apho wayewulindele abanqolobi.

Igama umntu onokuthi abulale Alexander 2, ngoku eyaziwa kakuhle kubo bonke. Le Pole, umfundi le St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute Ignatius Grinevitsky. Yaphosa ukuqhushumba kulandele umhlobo wakhe Nikolaem Rysakovym kwakhona metnuvshy umatshini wesihogo, kodwa watsho phantsi. Xa dubulo yokuqala yonakele * uKhesare wavuka waphuma wenqwelwana, Grinevitsky amphosa ukuqhushumba phantsi kweenyawo zakhe. Inxeba umbusi owaphukileyo ndasiwa Winter Palace, apho wafela ngaphandle kokubuyela ezingqondweni.

eliphikisayo enkantolo

Ngowe-1881, xa wabulawa Alexander 2, umsebenzi nothumo karhulumente, nangona ngaphandle anika imbonakalo umsebenzi bomkhuhlane, Noko ke, kwabonakala engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Ababhali-mbali asinaso isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba ukufa Alexander ibe sisiphumo iyelenqe le-Elite wenkundla, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ungonwabi nohlaziyo zobunene oluqhutywa yi umlawuli, yaye okwesibini, woyika-siseko.

Ukongeza, uluhlu zezwe iphezulu kwakukho abanini babesakuba abaphulukene ngamakhoboka zabo, yaye ngaloo ndlela baye balahlekelwa kakhulu. Baye isizathu ecacileyo ukubathiya umlawuli. Ukuba sicinga ndaba le engela, kusenokuba kucace kutheni wambulala Alexander 2.

Into eyavela engaqhelekanga ISebe Police

ISebe yezenzo Gendarmes kubangela ukudideka ngokusemthethweni. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kwixesha eyandulela nokubulawa iingxelo ezininzi kusondela ukuhlasela, nkqu bachaza indawo kunokwenzeka sifunyenwe. Nangona kunjalo, akukho impendulo kuyo ingalandelwa. Ngaphezu koko, xa abalindi umthetho ngayo ingxelo ukuba Malaya Sadovaya - kukufuphi ndawo apho Alexander wabulawa 2 - geni indlela imiyalelo yayo kunokwenzeka, ukuba kuphelele nje uhlolo ngokudlulisa kwizakhiwo lo msele kuqhutywa kuzo.

Akukho bengaboni (okanye ukufumana kuyimfuneko ukuba uqaphele), i gendarmes baye bavumela abagrogrisi ukuba siqhubeka ngamalungiselelo uhlaselo. Kwakubonakala ukuba umntu ngabom ulucombulule izandla-mthetho abafuna ukuyisebenzisela ukuphumeza izicwangciso zabo. I-sola kukuba xa into ebuhlungu lwenzekile, kwaye umlawuli, lowo kwibhotwe nje inkcaso enamandla yayidilikile, bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ukugwintwa babanjwa kunye wathandwa okumangalisayo. Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba gendarmes wayesazi kakuhle ukuba umbutho wambulala Alexander 2.

iingxaki kahle

Ukongeza, umbuzo lowo Alexander 2 abulawe (okanye ngokucokisekileyo ngakumbi, waye umququzeleli yokwenene ukubulala), ukuba siqwalasele le ntlekele dynastic eyaqalisa ebhotwe. unyana wakhe yindlalifa etroneni, ikamva umbusi Alexander III, kwafuneka zonke izizathu oyikele ikamva labo. Isibakala sokuba ekuqaleni kwaloo nyaka, xa wabulawa Alexander 2, i-uKhesare, ayifiki ukumelana efunekayo iintsuku ezingamashumi amane emva kokufa ngumfazi wakhe ngokusemthethweni Maria Alexandrovna, watshata kunye inkosazana ayithanda kakhulu Ekaterinoy Dolgorukovoy.

Njengoko uyise ngaphezu kanye phambi wavakalisa umnqweno ukususa kuye evela kwibhotwe, uAleksandr Aleksandrovich lula ukucinga ukuba isithsaba wayecebe ningaweleli kuye kodwa umntwana ozelwe umtshato entsha. Ukuthintela oku kungenzeka kuphela yabulala ngesiquphe, baza banikwa loo kumzamo wangaphambili, uya kuba akukho namnye beqikelela.

I okokuqala kwimbali yakutshanje terrorist lombutho

Othe wabulala Tsar Alexander 2 (terrorist Ignatius Grinevitsky), yaba lilungu le manyano phantsi komhlaba, "Narodnaya Volya". Kukholelwa ukuba yaba yeyokuqala ezimbalini mihla mbutho abanqolobi. Uye ezizodwa kwi wokubulawa kwezopolitiko, apho ndabona indlela kunokwenzeka kuphela ukutshintsha inkqubo esele kuphela.

Le nto ndiyibhalayo abantu ababekolo macandelo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zoluntu. Umzekelo, Sofia Perovskaya, kweliso ngqo ukuzama kokubulawa kwi-Catherine Canal, yaba noblewoman, nkqu intombi irhuluneli St. Petersburg, nogxa bakhe kumzabalazo, yaye intliziyo Zhelyabov nganye - avela kwintsapho ngamakhoboka.

inkosi isigwebo

Kokuba ukhethe indlela ngokunxunguphala ukuphumeza iinjongo zopolitiko, basikeleleni kwintlanganiso yokuqala, ebibanjwe ngo-1879, apho ngamxhelo isigwebo sokufa Alexander 2 kunye neminyaka elandelayo inxaxheba ekuphunyezweni ngesigqibo salo. Kubo kwakubalulekile ukuze atshabalalise nguzwilakhe, kungakhathaliseki apho kwenzeka yaye yintoni ngonyaka. 2 wambulala Alexander ngababaxi, hayi schadivshie ukufumana izimvo olululo nephupha okanye ubomi babo, ngaphantsi kakhulu abasemzini.

Nangona kunjalo, entwasahlobo kakubi-lombutho ukuba wayefanele khawuleza. Abagrogrisi bayazi ukuba ngoMatshi 14, iye yabeka ekuvunyweni siseko, awaba nako ke oko kwenzeke, ngenxa yokuba, ngokutsho izibalo zabo, ukwamkelwa ngumqulwana obaluleke kangaka zembali bakwazi ukunciphisa izinga uxinzeleko zentlalo kweli lizwe kunye ukuzihlutha abona iinzame inkxaso yesizwe. Kwagqitywa ukuba nantoni na kwaba kanye, ukuba atshitshise ukumkani ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Nokuhlaziya yezinto zembali

Eli bali liye laba negama lalo mntu wambulala Alexander 2, eshiya iinyawo zakhe umatshini wesihogo, kodwa ngenkankulu mbali baya kuba nako ukubonisa ukuba semthethweni okanye ukungaphumeleli ekucingelwa ukuba inxaxheba yelenqe zonke izangqa zenkundla yindlalifa. Amaxwebhu ezicacisa ngalo mba, akukho nto. Kukholelwa ukuba lwabasunguli ukugwintwa kunye nabenzi balo baba ngabantu abatsha, amalungu emibutho komhlaba "Narodnaya Volya".

Ngeli xesha eSoviet zonke iintlangano ulwile lobuzwilakhe, ubufanasini njengoko izithethi inyaniso yembali. Izenzo zabo kubekho ukugwetyelwa enoba yimalini kwaye ogama uphalaze igazi. Kodwa ukuba umbuto namhlanje: "Ngoobani aba Abantu, owabulala Alexander 2 - mthetho okanye akunjalo," kwiimeko ezininzi impendulo nguewe.

Monument i Tsar uMkhululi

Imbali sele kubonakele ukuba injongo akusoloko hlamusela indlela, yaye maxa wambi wawalwela isizathu nje uphakathi-mthetho. Ngoko ke, lowo bambulala Alexander 2, akazange abe ikratshi Russia. igama lakhe engabizwanga ezitratweni isixeko kunye nezikwere yena ezikhumbuzo akazange zakhiwe. Ngomhla umbuzo wokuba ingaba, koko kunyaka wabulawa Alexander 2, uya kuphendula abaninzi, kodwa igama igama umbulali likaThixo kunzima.

Ngelo xesha kwi ndawo ukufa wabulala loMlawuli-uMkhululi wakha itempile engayiwayo, edume ngokuba Msindisi Igazi iphalale yona, yaye waba lesikhumbuzo obungunaphakade. Ngexesha iminyaka obscurantism yokungabi ngayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo wazama ukuba phantsi, kodwa sihlandlo ngasinye namandla isandla engabonakaliyo abonakalisi beprophathi angazibulali. Tsalela kwadalwa, kunokuba ngomnwe kaThixo, kodwa memory of Alexander 2, uwaphule ngemixokelelwane serfdom, kwaye ngoku kukhanya uphahla ngegolide, kunye ababulali bakhe ngonaphakade waya ebumnyameni kwembali.