Age of Ukukhanya e Russia

Kweli hlabathi kuphawulwa nenkcubeko Age kweyeshumi elinesibhozo wokukhanya, nto leyo eye ushiye istampu yayo kwimbali. Yaba ngeli xesha iphela ubukho balo kwicala ezinjenge ezimbejembeje, yokuhlobisa endaweni. EYurophu, uqala luhlobo ungquzulwano phakathi abangafundanga, kodwa ngenxa iincwadi sabantu abasebenzayo kwaye kwasekwa urhulumente.

Ndazalelwa eNgilani, enkosi nophuhliso lwentshukumo kushicilelo iingcamango ezingundoqo bulumko imfundo ngcembe waqalisa ukusasaza eJamani, eFransi, eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.

Ingakumbi abanempembelelo ootitshala abavela eFransi - Diderot, Rousseau, d'Alembert, Helvetius, uVoltaire, eyayizibiza ngokuba i "iinkcuba lezopolitiko". Ayekholelwa ukuba kubukho bukaThixo, ngendlela eyiyo yokucinga nolwazi nako ndihlekeze inkqubo ugugile, ukutshintsha imigaqo yokuziphatha ngentsulungeko, kwaye liza kukhawulezisa ngexesha lenkqubo zembali kunye inguqu kwezentlalo elizayo.

Ubuchule yiEnlightenment okhuthaza ukuzuka isizathu, inkululeko, kunye nolonwabo, enyanisweni, wazama ukubonisa ezi ngcamango. Yiloo nto ibonisa iincwadi phezu abalinganiswa, nyulo olo ungumthombo bafuna ukwazi, imvo okusesikweni, ziyakwazi ukuba silwe ukungazi.

Uqobo yokuhlobisa unika umfundi sichazwe yomhlaba, ukudlala ngamagama, intetho isigqebelo, enongwe ezinomnyinyivane frivolity neempazamo. Ingakumbi olubonakalayo indlela uVoltaire, uMontesquieu, Lesanzha.

Age of Ukukhanya eRashiya waqalisa uPetros Omkhulu. Ekupheleni kobukumkani bakhe, Ushintsho Russian ngokuzithemba wahamba waya "Europeanization", inxaxheba inkcubeko yaseNtshona. Formation of Science, leMfundo waqhubeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.

Age of Ukukhanya eRashiya kuziswa iimagazini, amaphephandaba, imifanekiso.

NguMbutho Russian 18 kwinkulungwane th, egqalwa ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi abafundileyo, izilingo kuphela abameli eMoscow St Petersburg wabanumzana, kwakunye zizifundiswa abaqhelekileyo ezincinane kakhulu.

Kuba eYurophu, lo benchmark yaba yiEnlightenment French. Ngoko ke, lo ubudala wokukhanya eRashiya kwenze ukuba ukwanda kwamaqhina yenkcubeko neFransi, ingakumbi emva kwesiqingatha sesibini kweyeshumi elinesibhozo. Izidwangube banikwa ithuba lokuba athathe ngobugcisa noncwadi ngexesha uhambo yabo kwamanye amazwe, kunye nolwazi ofanelekileyo ulwimi uVoltaire, Diderot, kwaye kwenza ukuba bafunde imisebenzi yiEnlightenment. Abafundileyo uluntu Russian kufundwa imisebenzi ezifana "Virgin of Orleans", "kaNun," "iziqhwala umtyholi," "ukuqonda Amagugu", "Iileta Persian" kunye nezinye obukhulu ezininzi kwicala lemfundo, nto leyo ichaza "holiday oludlulayo, leyo yayilawulwa Venus ne Bacchus" .

Noko ke, yiEnlightenment eRashiya leyo yahluke ukusuka kuguqulelo eYurophu, nembewu yawo 'ziyantshuliswa "kumhlaba yasekhaya, wanikela result eyahlukileyo kancinane ngakumbi kwi-West.

ixesha Russian kaPetros, yaye kamva, xa kolawulo uCatherine II, yayahluke kakhulu uVoltaire kaThixo eFransi. Empire brilliant, emva olungaphambili baso lizwe elinabemi ongekho waphakamisa intloko yakhe imigudu kwifama enzima, ukuba ilifa wesithathu, abakuthandayo, kwanjengoko kwi-West, ukumkani inyanzela neemfuno zalo.

The Age of Ukukhanya eRashiya ezixhaswa wabanumzana, lobuzwilakhe, apho iifayile ezisetyenziswa iimpembelelo ezintsha Western yenkcubeko ukulondoloza serfdom okhoyo.

Kwaye nangona emva kokufa uPetros waqhubeka reformism Catherine ll, amaphupha lokuba "ukumkanikazi bakhanyiselwa" ootitshala bokwenene Russian baba Dashkova, Golitsyn, kunye Sumarokov, Novikov, Fonvizin nabanye abaye bazama kwanokuphucula ubunyani Russian.