Stepan Khalturin: engobomi, iifoto. Monument ku Stepan Nikolaevich Khalturin

Stepan Khalturin, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane eya ngezantsi, laziwa ngokuba ukubandakanyeka dubulo kwi Winter Palace 1880. Ukongeza, wayengomnye iinkokeli "Workers Union North-Russian '."

Stepan Khalturin: biography

I-revolution elizayo wazalwa kule lali. Khalevinski ngo ngo1856, ngoDisemba 21, unyana ka lomlimi nempumelelo. Ngowe-1871, Khalturin Stepan Nikolaevich waphumelela kwisikolo yesithili kummandla Orel , Vyatka kwiphondo. Ngowe-1874 yena wangena Zemstvo katitshala secawa, kodwa elandelayo 1875 ikhutshiwe ukuze nokuqhuba kakubi kwizifundo.

umsebenzi wokuqala

Ngowe-1875, kunye abambalwa ezifana-nye Stepan Khalturin wayefuna ukuya eMelika, apho ukudala Thethani yabo. Noko ke, endleleni eya eMoscow, namaqabane akhe weba passport yakhe, uye amazwe nge Petersburg. Khalturin wazama ukubamba up nabo, kodwa abakwazanga. Ukufika e St. Petersburg, yena benza lo msebenzi ezahlukeneyo ukuzondla bona kunye ukufumana ubuncinane ebusuku. Xa ekwindla ka-1875 wakwazi ukuseka ukuqhagamshelana njengabalweli benguqu epheleleyo, i populists, ekwakukho phakathi G. V. Plehanov. Emva kwexesha elithile, Stepan Khalturin wadibana ovele kunye Kotelnikov - Esikolweni utitshala Zemsky. Last wafudukela eSt Petersburg kwaye bathatha inxaxheba kwimibutho komhlaba. Wanceda Khalturin ezinza kwiindibano kaloliwe ngumchweli. Kamva Kotelnikov kucetyiswa kuyo kwizangqa zopolitiko St. Petersburg.

umsebenzi mbuso

Ujoyine intshukumo ngokufihlakeleyo kwezopolitiko, ngokukhawuleza Stepan Khalturin yaphinda yathandwa phakathi kwamalungu isangqa. Apho ke wabonisa ubuxoki bakhe italente. Yena inxaxheba ekubunjweni mibutho yokuqala lwabasebenzi eRashiya. Kamva, VG Korolenko e memoirs (kumazwi Aleksandra Pavlova) ukuba Halturin "ilila wabongoza abalandeli bakhe ukuba bangene umendo ngesothuso, 'aze achaze ukuba le ndlela endingayi kubuya ngawo. Kwikota yokugqibela yenkulungwane XIX, abaninzi zoshishino longxowankulu yaye yagxila eSt Petersburg. Esi sixeko ngokukhawuleza landa inani labantu sabasebenzi. Izibuko emzini bagqobhoza iincwadi abalweli Russian emigre. NgoDisemba 1878, lo ummiselo kunye nenkqubo 'Union North-Russian Workers' "zaye zamkelwa. Movement yayiququzelelwe nguSodolophu AE, D. Smirnov, S. I. potter, V. I. savelev. Society bahlanganisana-15 kumgca ka Vasilievsky Island, 20. Emva kwexesha elithile, umbutho waqalisa ukukhokela Khalturin Stepan Nikolaevich kunye Obnorsky uViktor Pavlovich. Ngowe-1879, le nkqubo evunyiweyo kunye nemimiselo zapapashwa ngokohlobo amaphetshana kunye isilogeni "Ukuze abasebenzi Russian!". Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umbutho "Union" kwaba kunokuba akudala - yena wayengenguye omnye umntu, kodwa kunoko, yombutho ofihlakeleyo. Noko ke, imfundo yakhe - inyathelo elibalulekileyo phambili ngenxa buvuvu yali phakathi kwabasebenzi.

Isakhiwo Umbutho umsebenzi

"Union" liye lakhula kakhulu. Kungekudala waqalisa ukwenza amasebe kwizithili yokusebenza-class of St. Petersburg. Ngamnye kubo kweliso ngabantu abasebenza kwi "kwelali". Ngaphakathi lombutho wasebenza i ilayibrari okungekho mthethweni yaso, wasebenza mboleko kunye nolondolozo yebhanki. NgoFebruwari 1880 amalungu "Union" wakwazi ukuba bayile kwaye usebenzise umatshini wokushicilela. Waqalisa ukuba usetyenziselwe imveliso amaphetshana. Wapapasha Kwakhona umba wokuqala "isifingo Working" (Iphephandaba Revolutionary). Nje "i-Union", kwakukho abantu abamalunga nama-200. Babefuna ukwenza intlangano lonke, kuzanywa ukuba akhokele kwizimangalo yezopolitiko. Office wenza Helsingfors kunye eMoscow. Ngowe-1880, i-intshukumo Wayebuhlungu ngabasemagunyeni. Amalungu ayo wakwazi ukubaleka.

Khalturin Stepan Nikolaevich: ubundlobongela Abantu nxamnye tsarism

NgoSeptemba 1879, nakwivukela, esebenzisa amaxwebhu fake, yoconjululwa kwesesikweni Winter Palace, ngumchweli. It Sasihlala kumgangatho ongaphantsi. Ngu ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari kunyaka olandelayo wakwazi ukuhamba egumbini apho wayehlala, dynamite, yenziwe iilebhu efihlakeleyo. Yabalindi yayimi ngentla ngqo igumbi apho Stepan Khalturin wahlala. Kwabagrogrisi Kuyathenjwa ukuba amandla ka dubulo bafika igumbi lokutyela, apho isidlo kwacetywa Alexander II kunye iTshawe Hesse. Yayikumgama kumgangatho wesibini, ngaphezu yabalindi. Noko ke, iNkosana kaloliwe walibazisa ngemizuzu engama-30. I-dubulo kwenzeka xa uKhesare wadibana lundwendwe kwigumbi umncedisi intsimi yakhe, kude kwigumbi lokutyela. Umothuko wave watshabalalisa izinto ezifanayo phakathi kumgangatho wokuqala phantsi. Inciphisiwe imigangatho endlwaneni (mihla №26 Hermitage Hall). Phakathi elikumgangatho wesibini lokuqala Iingqameko kabini lezitena niya kulirhola. Bamelana kukhala. Ngaba kule mezzanine abantu abazange owenzakeleyo kodwa okubulala waphakamisa emgangathweni yeni iglasi iifestile. Kwigumbi lokudlela (160 Igumbi wasekwayo Hermitage namhlanje) eludongeni wahamba kuqhuma. Kukhala sibulele amajoni 11 ababethwala imini yabalindi ebhotwe, uhlatywe abantu 56. Lokusinda iyure, nangona abanawo kunye amanxeba, wahlala kwizithuba zabo. Ewe, azindenzakalisanga uyekelwe ezihlalweni zabo, nasemva kokuba ukufika kutshintshwe Guards Life Preobrazhensky webutho, ungekabikho ukuba kutshintshwe sokubetha wabasiki, nabo ababuleweyo kwi dubulo. Onke amajoni abo wafa ngaloo mini, baba ngamagorha imfazwe Russian-Turkish owaphela kutshanje. Bukela wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni St. Petersburg kwi ESmolensk emangcwabeni. Lwenziwa nge lenyengane kwisiza ilitye lesikhumbuzo ukuya Heroes-eFinland. Ummiselo soMhlekazi, bonke zanikezelwa ukuba mawuhlawule, amabhaso kunye nezinye izinto ezikhuthaza. Iintsapho abo babulala zaguqulelwa indlela efanayo "ababekhwele kweso obungunaphakade." Ngaphandle ebandayo kunye nokoyikiswa kuhlaselwa abagrogrisi, ngoFebruwari 7, Alexander ndaya emngcwabeni. Ephakamileyo Commission Administrative yamiselwa emva kweentsuku ezi-5 - liqumrhu likarhulumente engaqhelekanga yokulwa ndlongo olululo. Emva kokuba dubulo kwi Winter Palace, Stepan Khalturin wathunyelwa Abantu eMoscow.

Ukubulawa Umtshutshisi Strelnikov

Ngowe-1882, Matshi 18, Stepan Khalturin, kunye NA waba nodular e Odessa. Apha inxaxheba kokubulawa yomtshutshisi. Maqhuqhuva babulala ngenxeba elibulalayo Strelnikov kunye umgama ongangowokutola ngompu. Khalturin kwafuneka ukuba naye lo ndawo ulwaphulo-mthetho, bezenze a coachman. Noko ke, abakwazanga ukubaleka: baye bavalelwa baze abantu abadlulayo. Ukubiza uphando namanye amagama, Khalturin kunye Zhelvakov ngokwemiyalelo Alexander III laxoxwa baza hung lwabhalwa ngo-1882, ngomhla we-22 Matshi.

isiphelo

Ebudeni beminyaka kwamandla Soviet Halturin lwabalelwa phakathi abalweli kakhulu iziqu. ULenin wathetha kakuhle kakhulu ngaye kunye nomsebenzi wakhe wokudala imibutho phantsi komhlaba. Ngowe-1923, laseKirov yaba lesikhumbuzo Stepanu Halturinu. Ukongeza, le mifanekiso iqingqiweyo revolution phambi e Orlov, p. Zaton (kummandla laseKirov.). Stepan Khalturin, wabiza inqanawa.