Kwamanqanaba, izinto, iimpawu kunye mpembelelo zamandla okuqhuba lophuhliso zembali. Theory of uphuhliso yezembali

Imbali World utyebile kakhulu kwaye zizele zonke iintlobo izibakala. Nokuba ubugcisa bale mihla kunye nophuhliso nanto wenzululwazi zembali, izazinzulu musa Waphendula ngokupheleleyo yonke imibuzo abantu. Uninzi iziganeko, abantu, iindawo, amaxwebhu zembali kwaye uhlale imfihlelo unanamhla. Nangona kunjalo, ezi amabala amhlophe akukho ngxaki ukwenza uhlobo 'umthi yezembali "eziya kucacisa ukuba ukwazi inkqubo yonke imbali yabantu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izazinzulu mihla zakwazi ukudala umfuziselo ezaziwa ngento eyenzeka kwixa elidlulileyo. Kodwa ukuba yonke indlela kubhaliwe ayichazwa kwiincwadi?

ukuba imbali

Ukuphuhliswa Imbali njenge inzululwazi yaqala kudala ukususela kwimihla Greece yamandulo. Le olwenzeka kancane kolwazi kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni eli inzululwazi yaba isitshixo. Ngoncedo wayo ukuba uyazi ihlabathi lokwenene le bemilo kwexesha. Ukufunda iinkcukacha ngakumbi nangakumbi ukususela kwixesha elidlulileyo elikude, sinako ukuchaza ezinye zeziganeko yangoku kunye ukuqikelela elizayo. Kodwa olu hlobo lomsebenzi ayikho into Fundamental ukuba kubeyimfuneko ukufunda imbali. Okwangoku, oosonzululwazi Ziyanda enomdla zamandla okuqhuba kwembali. Ngapha koko, izinto zazivelela, naphi na apho kusenokuba, akakwazi sifana kanye oko. Ukuze oku kube yinto ecacileyo eziza kunceda. Ukuba ujonga zonke izigaba zophuhliso yezembali, nto leyo eza kuxoxwa ngezantsi, kucacile ukuba ukutyhubela imbali yoluntu kwakukho iziganeko ezithile, abantu, iziganeko, okanye ezinye izinto ezivuselela uphuhliso ngakumbi.

Kakuhle eli theory lophuhliso yezembali

yonke Inkqubo yophuhliso lwabantu bokusebenza izigaba ezithile. Noko ke, ayaziwa ukuba kwaqala njani, kwaye kunegalelo iimfuno zalo ukuhla. Xa abaphandi wayewulindele impendulo yalo mbuzo, baza baqalisa ukuba zizakhele iingcamango ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso yezembali, ukuba wayeza kunikela iimpendulo zale mibuzo ezikhoyo. Ngokwawo, ithiyori binzana uhlobo hypothesis, yimimango ezikhoyo kunye nobungqina benzululwazi. It ikuvumela ukuba ufumanise kwaye sibonise ukunyaniseka okanye falsity kwayo nayiphi na into. Kwimeko yethu, sibonisa yonke inkqubo yophuhliso yezembali, kunye nethiyori, yoko, ukuvumela ukuba siqonde ukwahluka yayo, uhlobo, izizathu kunye neentshukumo. Loo ngcamango ixhaswa yi kukuba kukho amandla uqhuba lophuhliso yezembali kwaye bachaza.

Iintlobo mbono wophuhliso yezembali

Iziganeko zingajongwa ngokusekelwe iindlela ezimbini: a onezigxina ezininzi kunye monistic. Ngamnye kubo kubangela ukuvela uhlobo theory zembali. indlela ngeentlanga kukuba ngokufumaneka iintlanga ezininzi kunye neenkcubeko apho uphuhliso yenzekile ngokuzimeleyo. ukukhulelwa Monistic sisichasi ngqo kwaye engqina ukuzalana benkcubeko kunye neentlanga. Ngenxa yoko, sibona ukuba yonke ingqiqo ingaba imikhosi yazo isizathu uphuhliso yezembali, koko, zahluke kakhulu enye kwenye. Ngokuphathelele iingcamango, ababhali babo basoloko babenikelwe nayiphi na ingcamango. Ngaloo ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukuba kubabela elo ingcamango esisiseko sophuhliso yezembali, ezizezi:

• Theological. Zonke izinto eziphilayo ngokuthanda kukaThixo, kodwa umntu - oku indalo yakhe intle. Nayiphi na inkqubo kufuneka uthathe indawo ngegama nangenxa yozuko kuyo.
• Amaqaba. Le mfundiso umdla, kuba abalandeli bayo ukwala inkqubo yophuhliso zembali luphela ngokupheleleyo.
• theory yomgama uchaza yonke uphuhliso ingongoma ethile ngexesha. Naluphi na uphuhliso ngaphambili lifike esiphelweni.
• Theory of Toynbee. Isixelela ibali ngeebhayisikile zonke iinkqubo zembali. Kwimpucuko ababubona ukufukuka, uphuhliso, nasekusungulweni kwincopho kunye ukuhla. Kulo mzekelo, zonke iinkqubo zihlobene.
• theory ngokweMarxist sikhona yonke. Ichaza imvelaphi mthetho, uluntu, kwaye yonke inkqubo yophuhliso zembali. Vele ubeke, Karl Marks uchaza imvelaphi yazo naziphi na abanawo, ngenxa yomzabalazo yeklasi. Ithiyori iye yanwenwa phakathi kwenkulungwane XX, xa ihlabathi eguquguqukayo: Communist East kunye yongxowankulu West.

Le nkqubo yezembali kunye izinto zayo

Bebodwa, ithiyori kuphela-sikhokelo, ngokutsho apho uluntu kuphuhliswa. Xa ngamnye kubo izinto ezingaqhelekanga eziphembelele ngamaxesha ohlukeneyo nasekusungulweni yoluntu. Okubalulekileyo kukuba uluntu kunye nembali kufuneka kuqwalaselwe njengenye yonke indissoluble, ngenxa yokuba abantu ukuphembelela inkqubo yokuba izinto zazivelela. Ngenxa yoko, imiba yophuhliso zembali ezivela ebantwini ebachaphazelayo okufanayo, ngokwenjenjalo nokuququzelela indlela koluntu kummandla planethi. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka uthathe ingqalelo idatha yendawo, ekubeni zonke iintlanga zikumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ekhula zayo zembali. Oku ngokucacileyo langoku. Thelekisa amazwe ubuncinane yaseYurophu kunye namazwe aseAfrika. Abantu ziyafana, ngaphandle umbala, yaye umsantsa kophuhliso phakathi kwezinto ezimbini omkhulu. Oku kulandela ukuba izinto zembali uphuhliso azixhomekekanga kuphela ubudala. Ziya kuthi kwakhona zilawulwe sobummandla kunye nezinye iimpawu labemi, ezifana unqulo, nengqondo, inkqubo yezopolitiko, njl

Izigaba zophuhliso yezembali

Ngoko siye saseka ukuba izinto zixhomekeka kwindawo eendawo kunye ethile kwinqanaba zembali. Systematization bezenzululwazi kukhokelele yokuba izazinzulu hlanganyela imbali yehlabathi ngexesha. Ngamnye kubo isakhelo elithile. Enkosi kubo, siyakwazi ukuhlola uchonge iimpembelelo zamandla okuqhuba eziphambili kuphuhliso zembali.

Kuwo onke amazwe, yahlulwe manqanaba alandelayo:

1. umhlaba lwasekuqaleni. Ekuqaleni kweli nqanaba luphawulwa imihla ezimbini eziphambili: yezigidi 1.2 iminyaka BC, xa umntu wokuqala, neminyaka eliwaka 40 BC. umhla wokugqibela ibhekisa yimbonakalo ezingqondweni kwi-Homo sapiens kunye ukubonakala ubuchule bakhe ukusinda, phakathi kwezinye iintlobo.
2. Ancient World (IV-III nkulungwane BC - V ngenkulungwane AD).
3. Middle Ages (V - XV ngenkulungwane AD).
4. ixesha New (XVI - iminyaka 60 of XX ngenkulungwane AD).
5. Contemporary (iminyaka 60 lwekhulu XX - langoku).

izinto ezahlukeneyo kuzo zonke izigaba

isigaba ngasinye yembali ibonisa inkqubo ubomi babantu. Ukutyhubela imbali, abantu baye basebenzisa ulwazi olufunyenwe ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo. Kodwa ke sibe nolwazi - yinkqubo elide, ngoko ke manyathelo azikho efanayo isakhelo labo ixesha.
Ngamnye kubo lwaphela isiganeko esithile. Umzekelo, ukuba uluntu ibizezamandulo baqalisa shwaka kunye ukuvela kwempucuko kunye emphaya enkulu yamaRoma, eMesopotamiya, basePersi. Ihlabathi lamandulo unqamkile khona xa uYesu banika ihlabathi ubuKristu.

Ekuveleni kumaXesha Aphakathi namaxesha mihla kukho olukhulu geographical ezifunyaniswe ukuba kukhokelele kuphuhliso lwabasebenzi. I-lifa yembali egqithiseleyo emva ngalinye amanyathelo ezinceda abantu ukufikelela phezulu olutsha ngokusebenzisa isiphoso kwizizukulwana elidlulileyo.

isiphelo

Ngokubanzi, uphuhliso yembali izinto zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Kodwa lowo eziphambili thina ngokwethu - abantu abahlala Earth emhlabeni. Naziphi na izenzo zethu zenza imbali yeli hlabathi, kwaye ngubani owaziyo, mhlawumbi kwinqanaba elilandelayo ayikho kude.