Umsunguli Herman Hollerith iikhompyutha: ibhayografi kunye photo

Imbali becomputing yaqala ingcamango ukwenza umatshini owawuza ukufunda okanye ukongeza amanani yonke multi-nemivo. Lo mzobo yokuqala isixhobo bit-13 yaphuhliswa malunga 1500 Da Vinci. Ukwenza nje isixhobo UPawulos yayiyilwe Pascal ngo-1642. Ezi abaqambi famous kwangenisa ngexesha kweekhompyutha.

isilawuli esizisebenzelayo

Ngokuba inani elikhulu zentengiselwano ntlawulo kuphela isantya yokwenza ngamnye kubo, kodwa ukunqongophala isithuba phakathi kwabo, apho ekufuneka ukubandakanyeka kwabantu. Abaninzi abayili abadumileyo baye bazama ukusombulula le ngxaki. Kwafuneka, ukuba imisebenzi ngokulandelelana baba elinye emva kwelinye ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Inkqubo Intshayelelo "on the go"

Imbali computer owaziyo izazinzulu ezininzi obalaseleyo negalelo kuphuhliso matshini. Ngoko, kwi 80s ekuqaleni. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, oko yaphakanyiswa ukusebenzisa amakhadi lweeprogram pre-kubhalwe kwaye igalelo ngayo ifowuni. mqambi kwabo Herman Hollerith. Kwinzululwazi yekhompyutha, i-nzulu wenza revolution wokwenene. Makhe siqwalasele indlela yakhe.

Herman Hollerith: biography

isazi Born February 29, 1860 e-Buffalo. Nguye lo mntwana wesixhenxe. Uyise ngo 1848, bathutha eJamani ukuya eUnited States. Emva kokuya Hollerith wangena isikolo, ukusuka apho ndagxothwa kunokuba ngokukhawuleza. Njengomgaqo, Herman washiya iklasi phambi upelo. Master kanye wavala umnyango, nenkwenkwe atsibe kumgangatho wesibini. Emva ukuba baza bagxothwa esikolweni. Imfundo Herman Hollerith ezivela ngutitshala-yamaLuthere. Wathabatha izifundo zesikolo aphakathi kunye aphakamileyo kunye naye. 16 ke ababhalise kwiKholeji obungcali "imigodi". Noko ke, lo mfana unomdla hayi kangaka lo msebenzi njengoko zombane. Ngoxa ukufunda e Columbia College, wadibana Trowbridge, apho kanti yena umncedisi yakhe emva. Ngoko Herman Hollerith efika kwi-Ofisi Statistical zobalo lwabantu luka-US.

career

Xa wayeneminyaka engama-19, Herman Hollerith waya Washington, apho waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe. Waba babandakanyeke kwizangqa zentlalo Georgetown. Emva kwexesha elithile, Hollerith idibana Billings. Le yokugqibela wayeyingcali elinegunya ekuhlalutyeni iinkcukacha zamanani, ngoko wasebenza njengomlawuli solawulo kubalo. Billings Wathi Hollerith ngombono wakhe ukudala umatshini, eya kusetyenziswa amakhadi punch ukwenza Isithebe data ifunyenwe. Ezinye ababhali alatha iinguqulelo ezimbini kwempembelelo umlawuli ulawulo umsebenzi ngakumbi ngokudizayina ifowuni. Ngokutsho yokuqala, Billings wacebisa ukusetyenziswa amakhadi punch kunye nenkcazelo umntu usebenzisa amanqaku ezindaweni zabo nokulungisa isixhobo. Ngokutsho uguqulelo yesibini, wanikela ukuza oluthile yesixhobo.

ulwazi lokuqala

Ngowe-1882 Herman Hollerith wamenyelwa ukuba Massachusetts Institute njengomfundisi. Wayesebenza kunyaka wesikolo. Ngeli xesha, Hollerith iphuhlise imibono yakhe inxaxheba kuphuhliso izixhobo lokuqala ukurekhodwa ulwazi kubalo kunye ukubala. Ngowe-1883 wabuyela Washington, apho waqalisa ukusebenza kwi-ofisi patent. Ulwazi olufunyenwe kwaba luncedo kuye njengoko umsunguli, waza wawasebenzisa eminyaka. Ngowe-1884, wabeka phambili ingcamango yokuphucula inkqubo yezothutho kaloliwe iziqhoboshi. Kufuneka athi malunga imeko-mali, nto leyo Herman Hollerith. Tabulator akwazi ukwakha kwi 80s ekuqaleni ', kodwa imali kuyo, abengabawiselanga mthetho. Kulo mzekelo, Ndingaboleka, akukho muntu.

patents

E St. Louis, Herman Hollerith bahlanganisana Wayaphula yombane ukuba uloliwe waza wathabatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano. Xa isiganeko zaye zathiwa thaca kule nkqubo, osebenza kumgaqo emoyeni nangokusebenzisa ngomoya. Electro-nokwazeka njengoko kweyona ndawo intle ezintlanu. Noko ke, kwakukho amathandabuzo malunga ukubaluleka ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngenxa isisongelo uqhwithela. Kule meko, siza bazitshitshisela le nkqubo kunye amalungelo abenzi kwi iziqhoboshi kuhlala de wokuphelelwa lutho. Le elandelayo izixhobo fyabo corrugation yaba zohlobo lwe ngentsimbi. Kwakhona akazange ekuqaleni wafumana isicelo wayo; kodwa kamva wathabatha inkampani "Motors Jikelele" ekwenziweni uxhulumaniso bhetyebhetye.

Herman Hollerith: tabulator

I-patent entsha, ebhalisiweyo Septemba 23, 1884, yaba ngaphezu kwako konke. Umatshini Herman Hollerith yasetyenziselwa ukubala of data lwezibalo yokufa Baltimore ngo-1887. Data 1889, eNew York nazo ukuqhubekekiswa isebenzisa le divaysi. Ukusebenzisa ubuchule yayo, Herman Hollerith wabonisa ukuba amakhadi punch - oyena ndoqo inkqubo lokusekwa tafile. Ngowe-1887 yena wenza ulungiso le patent. Ngenxa yoku, mveliso abaninzi kwafuneka ukuba aqukumbele isivumelwano Hollerith mvume kwisixhobo yakhe. Xa ubalo 1890 ulwazi kudluliselwa onke amakhadi ummi 73/8 × 33/4 intshi. Okulandelayo senza phezu kungqameko perforations kwi kuphawu ngalunye. Kwikonw ngekona lonke kwikona enye kuhlanganiswe kuncedo kwinkqubo ngokubala nokulungisa. Umsebenzi yokugqibela kuthwalelwa phandle abangaboniyo, njengoko ezinye iindlela iqulunqe babengekho. Umatshini Hollerith ukuba ngokuzimeleyo ukwenza perforation ngokwale ndlela ehlaziyiweyo yolwabiwo. Le fowuni kulula ukuba umqhubi kwaye kunciphisa inani iimpazamo.

Kakuhle eli izixhobo

Kuba isixhobo wayo Herman Hollerith esakhiwa ipleyiti press eyenziwe ngerabha nzima kunye focus sikhokelo. I pleyiti ubuhanjelwe lekhefu. Ziyangqinelana kwindawo perforations kwimaphu. Inxalenye, azaliswa imetyhuri enxulumene iterminal Ezomva izindlu. Ibhokisi ibekwe ngaphezu ipleyiti kunye amanqaku zoqhagamshelwano kwingqikelelo. Baye eziqhutshwa imithombo. Xa ikhadi tab kwi kwindawo cofa loqhagamshelwano mercury, kwaye wesiphaluka ndawo. Oku, isebenze ekhawuntarini. ubuso bakhe akwazi inani ku 10,000. Wafudukela kunye umazibuthe, wamkela umqondiso nge kwicandelo mercury lekhefu 1. Ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha idata olufundwa ukusuka kwi counter, yaye isiphumo iyonke lokugqibela ikhutshelwa kwikhadi ngesandla.

ukuchaneka check

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba uthatha amanyathelo:

1. lwaqhutywa Xa UPawulos phandle kwangaxeshanye iimpawu eziliqela, ukucofa irejista ikhadi ngalinye ndidlulayo. Ngaloo ndlela ke kungenzeka ukuhlola isiphumo Ukongeza ngokusebenzisa esiphakathi iparameters.
2. Xa iyunithi echanekileyo wapapasha yobhaliso umnxeba. Ukuba ebengekho, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukufumana alungise le ngxaki.
3. amakhadi Press hlulwa nge ikhowudi ethile kuphela, apho wotshi.
4. amakhadi Punch ebeyinalo iqela ezifanayo zokufuna eqhelekileyo. Ngoncedo yentonga wire ukubona ubukho amakhadi "umbhalo".

udumo wonke

Hollerith ukwazi inginginya, kodwa 1890 abe ukufezekisile impumelelo engalindelekanga ngokupheleleyo. Wakwazi ukugqiba isivumelwano iinkqubo zobalo-11 emva kokuphumelela ukhuphiswano kwizithili 4 St. Louis, apho ekhaya ukuba ngaphezu kwe-10 amawaka. Man. Le ndlela, nto leyo iye Herman Hollerith, yayahluke kuphela isantya ephezulu, kodwa ke ukuchana liphezulu. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi lowo wengcibi yokuluka isindise urhulumente phantse amawaka 600 eerandi. Ngowe-1890, i-nzulu yajika 30 wawongwa ngesidanga Doctor of Philosophy. Hollerith wenza into enkulu kunye US Census Bureau. Phakathi-Septemba ka-1890, watshata intombi ugqirha yakhe eWashington. Phantse ngoko nangoko emva kokuba betshatile Hollerith langena kwimvumelwano noRhulumente Austria ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo yayo kwi-Central Bureau of Statistics. Ukususela ngoko waqalisa sesayensi umsebenzi ngamazwe. Ngo-1895 unit th yomsebenzi wayo nje kuphela Austria kodwa eKhanada. Ngelo xesha thethwano zaqhutywa ukunikezelwa kwezixhobo eRashiya kunye Italy.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Herman Hollerith ebekuthanda ukuchitha ixesha kunye nentsapho, ukwenza imisebenzi yezolimo, ukuba bathenge iimoto nokwakha izindlu. Xa umtshato waba neentombi ezintathu noonyana abaninzi. Le ndoda enkulu, owenza igalelo elikhulu-manani, wasweleka ekhayeni lakhe ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo November 17, 1929. ubomi bakhe, waphumelela eninzi, engqongwe ngabantu abanothando, ulonwabo, hayi ndizisole ngayo nayiphi na badlala ngamathuba. De kufe owokugqibela iimini zakhe Ndayithiya yonke imithetho upelo avunyelwe ukuba ukubhala njengokuba ufuna.