Ukwanda koongxowa eMoscow Prince Ivan Kalita

Emva kokuba ukwamkelwa ubhaptizo Rus wahlala ngokuzithoba zonqulo aseByzantium ukuba imali yayo - eConstantinople. Apha yaba usolusapho (intloko lonke ibandla). Wamiselwa yintloko Orthodox e eRashiya - Metropolitan. Njengoko umthetho, indawo ahlala kuyo ngamaGrike. Ngowe-1308 lo solusapho endaweni Metropolitan uPetros ugqibe kwelokuba ubeke umphathi, umphathi woonongendi kumazwe ekumzantsi Volyn. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umgqatswa yayo isithuba abaMbhaxa utyunjwe kunye yaseTver. Kodwa choice kasolusapho bawa phezu uPetros. Ukuze ngandlel 'ukulingana "unyulo kasolusapho bathumela uPetros Vladimir, hayi ngasezantsi.

Kodwa yaseTver wavakalisa ukunganeliseki, nabathetheli bayo ayikwazanga ukungena kunye ombaxa omtsha. UPetros wafumana inkxaso kwi abathetheli Moscow. Xa kuhlala Vladimir, iNkosana saseTver, Metropolitan wafudukela eMoscow. Apha uPetros wathabatha wamkeleke kakhulu. Uhlonipha kunye nempembelelo, zintanda uPetros waqalisa ukuphakamisa iwonga lomzi, ukudala ezona zinto zifuneka kuqala nokuvela eMoscow kwixesha elizayo.

Ezixhaswayo Metropolitan Ivan Daniilovich (Prince Moscow) waqala ukwakha itempile yokuqala ngamatye. Ingqikelelo Cathedral yayakhelwe ngokungqinelana iwonga elitsha umzi. Kamva, itempile yayiza kuba ubukhulu becala eRashiya. Metropolitan uPetros ukudlulisela ndimngcwabe ngokwabo Kwingcingane Cathedral. Wafa ngowe-1326 waza wangcwatywa ibandla engagqitywanga. Cathedral yamiselwa ngo 1327. Ukususela ngoko, ibandla yaba kwindawo yokungcwaba metropolitans eRashiya.

Izizathu ngokuvela eMoscow kunye neeMeko

Ivan Daniilovich ngo-1327 ithuba lokujongana yaseTver. Xa niqokelela umnikelo Mongol eyenziwa Baskakov - abaqokeleli Khan. Ukuvakalisa ukungoneliseki, abantu yaseTver bavukela konqakrazo baskak (Cholhan). Prince of eMoscow ngoko nangoko waxelela anayo. Njengoko umvuzo ngenkonzo wakho, Ivan Danilovich lifumene ezivela Khan emfutshane ukuba ngukumkani omkhulu.

Prince of Tveri uAleksandr wazimela Pskov. Ivan Danilovich wagqiba ekubeni balahle yaseTver prince ngonaphakade. Ukufika e Ordu, yena wamnyelisa Alexander. Han ebizwa yaseTver Prince kuye, abulawe, yena, nonyana wakhe. Ivan Daniilovich njengoko Khan wenza abaqokeleli berhafu ukusuka phezu komhlaba Russian bonke.

Ukususela ngoko yaqala zanda olumandla eMoscow. City kunye Prince osisityebi ngokwayo. umhlaba kwenzé umvuzo omkhulu. Emva ukulawula Mozhaisk kunye Kolomna ezandleni kwenene eMoscow wajika zonke kundoqo River Moscow - kweendlela eziphambili. SeLizwe wafumana imali kuphela ezinkulu, kodwa amathuba amatsha zorhwebo. EMoscow ephezulu kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo. Ezandleni Ivana Daniilovicha yoconjululwa yinxalenye imbeko leyo eqokelelweyo anayo. Prince abe nempumelelo Kalyta umnxeba ( "bag imali", "isipaji"). Imali Ivan Kalita waqalisa imali ngokuvela eMoscow.

imali Prince negalelo ekuqaleni zokwakha ilitye elikhulu-scale. Ngowe-1329 ibandla elimiswe wokuwonga elaa wezakwalizwi yaseByzantium, lamiselwa, Ioanna Lestvichnika. Kamva, kwisayithi kwecawa yakhiwa belfry "Ivan Veliky". Ngowe-1330 yayakhiwe ibandla kuMsindisi kwi Janai (yoTshintsho koMsindisi) Spassky Monastery. Ngo 1333 kuba wanyuselwa Cathedral we-zingelosi (yezizathu endaweni ibandla Mihaila Arhangela), owathi kamva waba yindawo yokungcwaba abathetheli eMoscow.

Ekubeni ulawulo Ivan Kalita kwi Russian wangena ukusebenzisa igama elithi "Kremnik" ( "I yesicelo"). Ngoko-ebizwa eMoscow inqaba. Kwakuthetha igama elithi "ahamba inqaba", "ukomelezwa okuthambile". Igalelo wokugqibela ngokuvela Moscow Ivan Kalita wenza ukwakhiwa oki beendonga yesicelo.

Intando Ivana Kality eziqulethwe uluhlu kunokuba olubanzi zorhwebo, leyo zabiwa prince. Olu xwebhu ukhankanya elalini Kolomninskom (Kolomna) kunye nabanye abaninzi abantu abasindayo.