Dostoevsky, "Incwadi evela Ngokufihlakeleyo": Isishwankathelo

Imveliso ye 'Notes komhlaba "yabhalwa Dostoevsky ngo-1864. Umbhali yeenowuthsi hero komhlaba.

Le mveliso ophambili

Le umphononongi Collegiate, osanda ehla emva kokuba ifumene ilifa encinane. Imveliso hero of "Notes komhlaba" engama-40. Uhlala ngohlangothi St. Petersburg, kwigumbi "abangenabuchule". Le hero nangokwengqondo ndizimele: yena usoloko yedwa phantse, wamngcatsha "iingcinga ezizele yiminqweno", imifanekiso kunye mibala eziye zathathwa iincwadi. Le hero nameless kwakhona uphonononga umphefumlo wakhe nengqondo, ibonisa isibindi nobukrelekrele obungaqhelekanga. Injongo isivumo - ubone ukuba ingaba frank ngokupheleleyo ubuncinane kunye ngokwabo, Musa ukuboyika inyaniso kule meko.

Ifilosofi ophambili

UTshawe ukholelwa ukuba kule minyaka ingama-60 kwinkulungwane ye-19, umntu onengqondo umiselwe ukuba i "characterless". Ilifa limited, abantu abaziziyatha - imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, egqalwa eqhelekileyo, ngoxa ezingqondweni enomfutho kuthathwa njenge sifo. Ingqondo yenza hero bakreqile imithetho yendalo, ukuba izinto eziye bezenzululwazi. "Udonga lwamatye" lwabo "Akuthandabuzeki ukuba" kuphela "ekudambiseni" umntu. Nge ngabaxolelanisiweyo ngokucacileyo tu hero komhlaba. Uyaziva "ityala" ngenxa yokuba umyalelo ihlabathi abangafezekanga, yaye oku kubangela ubuhlungu. Science amanga nje ukuba baqiqe umntu kungancitshiswa, "ngokutsho ukulubala nembasa." "Le ibonakalisa zonke izinto eziphilayo" - loo nto "Ndinqwenela". Yena wakhusela nxamnye nazo zonke izigqibo "yenzululwazi 'malunga nentlo-ntle yoluntu kunye nendalo kwabantu, unelungelo admixed kwi" ubulumko positive "" Yizani isiyatha "uyingqine ngokwakho ukuba abantu - asiyiyo" izitshixo nepiyano "imithetho yendalo ngokwabo ukudlala ngayo.

UTshawe, owabhala Amanqaku evela ngaphantsi, nokuthiswa ukuba amandla akhe ukuhlangabezana ezifanelekileyo "ngokubanzi". Oku umsebenzi, hayi ukuzonwabisa, nditsho "Crystal Palace", nto leyo kukwakha ngamaSoshiyali, njengoko kuthatha umntu eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ngokuzithandela kwakhe. Yokulwisana ukuphawulwa hero wokwazi okulungileyo kwaye hayi ukuba imibuzo nokholo kwinkqubela phambili impucuko kunye nenzululwazi. Impucuko na kuthi "swi bazithambise nantoni na," kodwa yenza kuphela, ngokwembono yakhe, "ngazibini iminqweno", ngoko sifuna ulonwabo kunye nokuthotywa, namagazi kwabanye ... uhlobo Human, ngokutsho umlinganiswa ophambili, ubuxoki imfuno kuphela ulonwabo, ukuchuma, umyalelo, kodwa ukubandezeleka, ukutshatyalaliswa kunye chaos. "Crystal Palace", enkqonkqoza icala, lo oyinto obangwe, kuba emohluthayo inkululeko yokuzikhethela. Bekuya kuba ngcono ukuze "inertia abazi" mihla "chicken yeenkuku" phantsi komhlaba.

Ubomi hero, xa wakhonza kwi-Ofisi

Noko ke, kwathi ukuba ngokulangazelela okunene wazigxothayo lembombo. UTshawe, owabhala Amanqaku evela ngaphantsi, ichazwe ngokweenkcukacha enye kwezi nzame. Uye wakhonza iminyaka 24 kwi-ofisi kunye edelekileyo, uthiyiwe ukuba buhlungu "touchy", "ibitheni 'yaye' ezinekratshi 'oogxa bakhe, kodwa ngaxeshanye yaye esoyika kubo. Yena ingqalelo ngokwakhe iqhawe "ikhoboka," yaye "lavaka" njengoko nayiphi 'endilisekileyo "yaye" phambili "umntu. ukufunda Olomeleziweyo salawo yokusebenzisana nabantu, yaye ebusuku kwi "iindawo ezimnyama" "wenza impudently."

Esi siganeko e balalisa

Okwenzeka kumdlalo ngelaphu, yena kuvalwe ngengozi kanye kwindlela ukoma elinye igosa. Strong, abade, wabafudusela cwaka 'amandla' kunye 'omfutshane, "liqhawe kwenye indawo. Ngoko ke wayefuna ukuqala i "zoncwadi", "right" ingxabano, kodwa kuphela 'ngolunya ndabatshayela ", oko ukujongelwa woyika. Hero emva kweso siganeko waphupha yokuziphindezela iminyaka eliqela, wazama amaxesha amaninzi kwintlanganiso ngomhla Nevsky ukuba lungasebenzi kuqala. Xa ekugqibeleni bajamelana emagxeni akhe, igosa phezu kokuba ayizange ukunikela ingqalelo, kodwa isebenza iqhawe yayichwayitile ngenxa yokuba ingenelwe inyathelo elinye, ukuxhasa isidima ndize esidlangalaleni kwi nolwakho zentlalo kunye negosa. Zonke ezi observation uTshawe ngokwakhe uchaza ngomsebenzi wakhe umbhali, Dostoevsky F.

"Incwadi evela Ngokufihlakeleyo": isidlo bangaphambili ofunda

Maxa wambi umntu wavakalelwa nemfuno yokuba phantsi komhlaba, oyifaneleyo abahlobo kuphela embalwa, Simon, naye esikolweni kunye Setochkin, umabhalana oyintloko. Xa ndandityelele Simonov, lowo ufunda ukuba imbeko ofunda ukudla kwasemini kunye 'bathenge' abanye. "Ngaphantsi" unisukelayo elide phambi kwesidlo ukoyika ukuhlazeka kunokwenzeka kuthukwa, njengoko ubunyani imithetho ncwadi ungalilulameliyo kwaye ngenkankulu abantu bokwenene baya kwenza indima eyabelwe kubo ekuyileni mphuphi; ukuba unako, umzekelo, ukuqaphela ukuba umthande umlinganiswa ophambili kweli kwengqondo kobuzwe. Yena Uzama zihlekisa badlule namaqabane isidlo. Baya siphele nje ukuba uqaphele kuyo impendulo. Kwelinye kakhulu aphuma phantsi komhlaba - loluntu self-nehlazo. Ke zokudlela nawo aye yamahenyukazi ngaphandle kwakhe. Kuba "lemfundo" Ngoku umele ukuziphindezela aba bantu ukuba ihlazo eseleyo, ngokunjalo uya kuba wonke. Noko ke, abo sele umhlala kumagumbi. Lisa hero umnikelo.

Sigigaba ngomzimba

Okulandelayo Dostoevsky ( "Amanqaku ukusuka Ngokufihlakeleyo") ichaza iziganeko zilandelayo. Emva kokuba "woburheletyo", "baberhabaxa kwaye bokungabi nazintloni", uTshawe ethetha intombazana. Wayeneminyaka eli-20 ubudala. ESt Petersburg kuyo kutshanje, yaye - lokuzalwa yamaFilisti, Riga. Ugqiba ugqibe nobuzaza ntwazana ukuba kubuyiswe kuyo enza umfanekiso intle le amahenyukazi elizayo, yaye emva koko - ulonwabo entsatsheni, ukuba ayikho. Le nguqu yimpumelelo: ukuya unditsho kunye nokuba lusizi kuzisa Woman Ndikruqukile bubomi bakhe. "UMsindisi", eshiya, eshiya yakhe idilesi yakhe. Nangona kunjalo, ngokusebenzisa "lemfundo" nokukwazi kuye lihlazo "esayinwe" yaye uxolo uLisa. othanda kakhulu ukuchitha imisebenzi ophambili we "Notes komhlaba" uhlalutyo izenzo zakhe.

ULisa kuziwa iqhawe

Engena kwiintsuku ezi-3. Hero, nto leyo echaza Dostoevsky ( "Amanqaku ukusuka Ngokufihlakeleyo"), "disgustingly neentloni." Yena utyhila izisusa zakhe agxeke yokuziphatha kwakhe, kodwa kukho uvelwano engalindelekanga kunye nothando kuye. Wasusa, uye aqonde ukuba kube kuhle. Noko ke, kungekudala neentloni yobuthathaka ophethwe impindezelo, Liza kwaye isihange isandla yakhe engange 5 koyisa epheleleyo. Girl, eshiya, eshiya imali zifihlakele.

isebenza finale

Le hero liyaqonda ukuba wabhala memoirs yakhe enentloni. Noko ke, bamsa kuphela ukuzibaxa abanye kunye nesiqingatha akazange nabuganga bakumzisela. Le hero akwazi ukulahla iinjongo oluntu, ezibonakala uye, Noko ke, kanye komhlaba - i "okubi". "Ubomi Ukuphila", ulwalamano enzulu nabanye abantu wagcwala. Utsho iphela umsebenzi 'Notes komhlaba ", isishwankathelo esiye ezichazwe.

Ibali emva kokufunda eli namhlanje akayi kungamohlwayi nabani na akanankathalo. Noko ke, ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba incwadi ngo-1864, "Incwadi evela Ngokufihlakeleyo" kwabangela ncomo ezimbalwa, nangona abameli kweminquba inguqu-wentando yesininzi nangoko unomdla kubo. Impendulo kuphela ngoko nangoko ukuba le mveliso iye yaba lumo ka Shchedrin, ngubani ebandakanywe ncomo wakhe, othi "Trivia yoncwadi" iphamflethi "akha". Kuyo, bahlekisa nxaxheba kulindixesha "nguva yin'wana" ngendlela satirical, wayepeyinta phantsi owazenza "buhlungu, zombhali" Dostoevsky owesine Swift. Eli bali iye yavusa umdla abahlalutyi emva inoveli "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya" yapapashwa, oko kukuthi, kwiminyaka emibini kamva. It siqulunqwe kakhulu oko ngolu "Notes".