Jaropolk Svyatoslavich - Grand Prince of Kiev (945-980)

Enye amanani ixakayo futhi impikiswano phakathi kwabalawuli Russia yamandulo yaba Prince of Kiev Jaropolk Svyatoslavich. ngobomi bakhe igcwele ezahlukeneyo iiphazili imibuzo, nangona ke walawula ilizwe ixesha elifutshane ixesha. Ngubani na yena - enguzwilakhe kunye fratricide okanye ukwagculele lixhoba elimsulwa kule oliqhophololo kwanjengabaninawa babo?

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Translation egameni Jaropolk kunye Old Slavonic ngeelwimi ukuchazwa njenge 'ekhanya phakathi kwabantu. " Umhla wokuzalwa kunye Igama lonina ayaziwa nembali. Ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa Jaropolk umhla wokuzalwa iminyaka 945. Kodwa abachasi zabo bathi olu guqulelo nto obangwe ngokupheleleyo, ekubeni ngexesha nembono eyamkelekileyo kayise wakhe wayeneminyaka emithathu kuphela. Ezinye iingcali ziye zacebisa ukuba unyana Princess Ugric Predslava, ngathi umzalwana wakhe Oleg.

Jaropolk uyise Grand Prince of Kievskiy Svyatoslav Igorevich, edume uloyiso ezininzi phezu kweentshaba zabo. Ngokukodwa, umphathi omkhulu woyisa enamandla Khazar Khanate kunye Bulgarian uBukhosi kwi weDanube.

Kuba ngqa yemihla egameni Jaropolk livela 968. Ngoko ke kungekho Prince Svyatoslav beza Pechenegs kuhlasela ukuze eKiev, ngexesha apho umthetheli oselula itshixiwe kwibhotwe kunye nomakhulu wakhe Olga kunye nabazalwana.

Ngowe-970, uyise wakhe wamshiya kuye unyana omdala, nokulawula eKiev, yaye bafudukela kweli phulo elandelayo ngaphaya weDanube. Eli xesha ke ithuba lokuba baphendule ngokwakhe romeyskoy koMlawuli John Tzimiskes. Grand Prince Kievskiy Svyatoslav kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumele. Kodwa ekhaya ngendlela wabulawa amaByzantine anyotywa Pecheneg Khan Qurei. komhlaba Russian waqalisa ukulawula oonyana bakhe abathathu, Vladimir, Oleg, Jaropolk, le yokugqibela leyo yaba Duke Grand.

ukubusa Jaropolk

Jaropolk Svyatoslavich waba Grand Prince of Kiev ngo-972, emva kokufa kukayise wakhe. Abantakwabo - Oleg kunye Vladimir waqalisa ukulawula, ngokulandelelanayo, e Drevlyane kunye namazwe Novgorod. Kodwa omdala ke kuqala zibonakaliswa Jaropolk.

Ababephila bakholwa Jaropolk njengegorha kunokuba nesibindi ngaphezu kokuba umlawuli sisilumko. Noko ke, nangona oku, yena wazama ukuba afune i nkqubo esebenzayo zombini ngaphakathi nangaphandle.

Umkhomba-ndlela yomgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle

Jaropolk nkqubo zangaphandle ubukhulu becala ingqalelo amazwe Western Europe. Ubungqina oku nonozakuzaku elithunyelwe 973 ukuya eJamani, kwinkundla waseRoma Holy loMlawuli Otto II uRufus. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, Jaropolk useleganelwe umzala wakhe Cunegonde. Abanesidanga ezaneleyo lilonke oko Kungaphikiswa ukuba rapprochement kunye iJamani ijolise ekudaleni umanyano nxamnye Czech Republic nePoland.

Kodwa Byzantium oselula Prince edlalisa kakhulu ngakumbi ngononophelo, sikhumbula ubuqhinga Roma eya kuyise.

Jaropolk and ubuKristu

Ebangela elininzi ingxoxo na umbuzo indima ubuKristu ebomini kwenene Jaropolk. mbali abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba wabhaptizwa ngokufihlakeleyo okanye abathi ngokuphandle ukholo lwamaKristu. Kodwa inye into icacile: Jaropolk Svyatoslavich kakhulu enyanisekile amaKristu akazange babasukele, ngokungafaniyo nabanye abalawuli zobuhedeni amazwe ukuba babhiyozele lonqulo labantu ngokwanelisayo abathi ukholo wooyise. Kukholelwa ukuba isigidimi * kuKhesare Otto II enye yeenjongo zayo ibeka ikamva ubhaptizo Rus.

Kakade ke, indima ebalulekileyo ngokunxulumene ubuKristu wadlala Jaropolk ukhulisa uninakhulu Olga, wathabatha ukholo romeyskoy eConstantinople.

Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha nokungcwatywa Jaropolk kunye umzalwana wakhe Oleg, Prince Yaroslav Mudry wayalela ubhaptizo izidumbu zabo. Le nyaniso ucebisa ukuba mhlawumbi uhlale yobuhedeni Jaropolk de afe, okanye ukuba Yaroslav wayesazi nto malunga ubhaptizo ngumalume wakhe.

Ukubeka Jaropolk

Lo mzobo kakhulu ebalulekileyo kwiimeko Jaropolk ngokuqinisekileyo irhuluneli Sveneld. Uninzi mbali bayavuma imvelaphi yakhe aseScandanavia. indima ephambili, waqala ukudlala ngakumbi kwi Jaropolk mkhulu - Prince Igor Rurik. Xa Svyatoslav Sveneld waba ngomnye madoda zinamandla eRashiya, waba squad yakhe, ukuqokelela irhafu, wahamba kunye isikhulu nokuhamba ngapha weDanube. Bakholelwa ukuba xa Yaropolk nguye eneneni wabaleka imicimbi karhulumente. Sveneld wayenoonyana ababini - Ngoweentambo kunye ukuziphindezela.

Ubufebe - enye irhuluneli ibalulekileyo phantsi Prince Yaropolk. Mhlawumbi wabalaselisa indima emva Sveneld kokufa. Kamva lo mntu angcatshwa nguye Jaropolk.

Varyazhko - VFB Jaropolk ngayo loo nto kunokuthiwa waqinisa amaqhina ubuhlobo. Yena wayenyanisekile kakhulu isikhulu.

usapho

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, kukholelwa ukuba Jaropolk Svyatoslavich Wayeganene intombi Count Kuno von Enengena Cunegonde, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile, lo mtshato akazange athathe indawo. Kwakhona Ndandithandana intombi yakhe Polotsk prince Rogvolod - Rogneda, kodwa emva kokuba kuthinjwe Polotsk kunye ngokubulala uyise wayo, uVladimir ukuba ngenkani wathabatha inkosazana umfazi.

Kodwa ke umthetheli Jaropolk Svyatoslavich wayengekabi utshate umfazi yamaGrike, ogama imbali igama cwaka. Kungenzeka, yena yathinjwa nje indebe kayise ngexesha amaphulo Transdanubian. Zemihla uthi ngexesha kokufa komyeni wakhe, yena ebalindile umntwana yaye kuthathwe ishweshwe umntakwabo Vladimir. Kulo mzekelo, icace phandle unyana wakhe, ikamva iNkosana Kiev Svyatopolk the Uqalekisiwe, ngumntwana Jaropolk. Ngaphandle koku, yena yamkelwa yi Vladimir. Noko ke, ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo, yena ingqalelo nanyana nanzalo intsapho yakhe.

Oleg Ukubulala

Okwa waphula uvulele phakathi Yaropolk kunye umzalwana wakhe Oleg, ngubani walawula Ovruch. Ukuqala impixano ukuya ngokubulala unyana wakhe Prince Drevlyansky oomantyi Sveneld - Ngoweentambo ezilishumi. Isizathu kwakukholelwa ukuba kuzingela ngaphandle kwemvume wakhetha Oleg, ukuba ngokuvisisana nemilinganiselo aphakathi yayigqalwa kakhulu lityala elibi.

ngokwendalo Sveneld yabamba umsindo wakhe rhoqo babefuna Jaropolk aye kulwa kunye nomzalwana wakhe, ukuze ikhwelo akhawunti. Okokugqibela, i-Prince of Kiev, wamnika indlela. Ngo-977, i-umkhankaso, ngexesha apho squad Oleg woyiswa, yaye yena ngokwakhe wabulawa ukudideka yeduli.

Jaropolk Svyatoslavich ngalo buhlungu kakhulu. Kodwa oku kuphakamisa umbuzo indima yayo kulo mcimbi. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, waba unopopi kuphela ezandleni oomantyi zakhe onke, yaye kwelinye - yena bomoya ukubanjwa komhlaba Drevlyansky. Malunga nokungabi nakusebenza nenguqulelo yesibini ibonisa iimbekiselo ngokwabo Yaropolk ngexesha isijwili Oleg, wathumela umzalwana wakhe ukuzingela ezweni Ljuta. Injongo kwakuya kuba mnye - ukuba bamqumbise imfazwe fratricidal. Nangona kunjalo, lo sum of bonke ubungqina bubonisa ukuba uninzi kunokwenzeka ukuba Jaropolk waye CD ye neqembu yakhe.

Intetho Vladimir nxamnye Jaropolk

Emva kokufumanisa ukuba ukufa Oleg emfazweni kwi Yaropolk, nguMthetheli Novgorod, uVladimir wagqiba ukuba kuvuthelwa elandelayo iza kubangela ukuba umzalwana omdala bempahla yakhe. Kungoko ke kwaye kwagqitywa ukuba asabele yaseScandinavia. Apho, uVladimir Enkulu wayegcine kuwagcina enamandla Varangian, yaye bayizisa kumzalwana wakhe.

Ngelo xesha Jaropolk wakwazi ukuseka igunya layo phezu Novgorod. Kodwa Vladimir lula baphinde nesixeko ngokwaso. Endleleni eya eKiev, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, wayimisa ally Jaropolk - Polotsk prince Rogvolod, wawutshisa nomzi wakhe imali, kwaye intombi Rogneda eganelwe ngaphambili kumzalwana wakhe omkhulu, batshata. Ukususela kulo mtshato yena wazalwa kamva Grand Duke elizayo of Kiev Yaroslav Mudry.

Okulandelayo Vladimir nempi yakhe, wafika eKiev. Voivod Uhenyuzo, lwenzeka kakhulu ukuba abafileyo ngexesha Sveneld, nitshinizile wahamba iyelenqe kunye INkosana Novgorod aza azeyisela Jaropolk ushiya isixeko eyinkunzi. Wathabatha ikhusi oyinzalelwane ezikhuselweyo kakuhle kwidolophu encinane, phezu komlambo ros.

ukufa Jaropolk

Vladimir wawungqinga Jaropolk. Esi sixeko yaqala indlala enkulu. Ngokusebenzisa yolamlo Uhenyuzo Novgorod prince bacenga umzalwana bakhe ukuba bangene kuthethathethwano kunye naye. Nangona druzhinnik Varyazhko kabukhali ngokuchaseneyo oku, suspecting ukuba ukho undonakele. Xa Jaropolk Akufika kuloo ndawo thethwano, yena ngobuqhophololo wabulala Scandinavians ezimbini amabutho Novgorod. Kwathi ngomnyaka 978.

Sekunjalo hamba impikiswano malunga nendima Vladimir ekubulaweni umzalwana wakhe. mbali abaninzi bazama ukuba idealize umfanekiso elizayo umbhaptizi of Russia kwaye ukubeka ityala phezu nalwazelelelo le Vikings. Kodwa ke, mhlawumbi, ukubulawa umyalelo sele inikwe igama Vladimir. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kwincwadi engobomi bakhe igcwele na iintlobo ezinye izibakala ukuba bathi umbhaptizi Russia lula ukuyenza loo nto.

Jaropolk indima kwimbali

Phakathi mbali nangoku shushu mpikiswano malunga ngubani Jaropolk: owayengumphembeleli yokuqala zongquzulwano zembujiswano, okanye ixhoba le nkqubo kwabazalwana karhataka noomantyi ngundlovu? Obusa ukuba mncinci kakhulu ezinye iinkosana Kievan. Table Ubalo weBhodi uzinika wobukumkani bakhe, iminyaka emithandathu kuphela ubudala. Nangona Oleg wabaleka impahla yabo engama-30, Igor - 33, Sviatoslav - engama-27, yaye Vladimir - bonke engama-37.

Kuhleli kwakhona Akucaci oko kwakuza kwenzeka ukwamkelwa of Christianity eRashiya, phithi Prince Jaropolk Svyatoslavovych uloyiso phezu umzalwana wakhe? Kwaye sonke ziye bayahlelwa karhulumente Russian kule meko? Kodwa imbali akamazi mood esimo. Enye into icacile: Uchazo kunye nendima Grand iNkosana Kiev Jaropolk Svyatoslavich usalinde ngovandlakanyo efanelekileyo kwixesha elizayo.