Imvelaphi Iwenkqubo yerhafu eRashiya: irhafu vo

Ukuqaliswa ngerhafu eRashiya edibene igama uPetros Omkhulu. Noko ke, le fomu yerhafu khona kudala ngaphambi kokuba wabonakala kwilizwe lethu, ngomhla ummandla eRoma yamandulo, yaye kamva - kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, yaye icinyiwe kwenkulungwane ye-19 emva kokuba ukuqaliswa umgca yerhafu yengeniso entsha.

Ngowe-1724: census jikelele, Nezingathanga ngenisa abefundisi kunye izikhulu sagqitywa eRashiya. Ngokutsho iziphumo siganeko kunye kuphethwa irhafu, ngoku kwafuneka ukuba ihlawulwe onke amadoda elo lizwe, kuquka ezisanda kuzalwa kunye nabantu abadala. Irhafu i-Poll - uhlobo ekhethekileyo kwirhafu abantu abathile kweli lizwe ngakwicala wokulondoloza imali karhulumente. Kufuneka ukhumbula ukuba irhafu onjalo (okanye ifayile tax) olwalukho eRashiya ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-15, ukusuka ekuhlawuleni kwakhona kwaphulelwa ngabalungiseleli amabandla kunye kwiiklasi aphezulu nelungelo.

Xa ekwindla ka-1718 i-UMlawuli uPeter Omkhulu ifuna ukuqokelela Revizsky "nentsomi", oko kukuthi ukuqhuba wazibala zonke besilisa kweli lizwe. "Fairy Tale" ngexesha ekuthiwa amaxwebhu ezizodwa apho bobabini ibonisa iziphumo zobalo. Olu xwebhu ithi idata yobuqu yomnini kweyadi, kunye namalungu athile entsapho yakhe (ifani, igama, patronymic, umhla wokuzalwa). Ukuhlanganiswa abhaliswe eyindoda "amabali" kwiindawo ezisezidolophini Sizibandakanye abameli libhunga wesixeko, emaphandleni - intloko lali, abaqeshisi okanye nabaphathi babo. Revizsky "nentsomi" ukuphuculwa compulsorily, kwi periods phakathi kwabo ucingo ukuqokelelwa nokugcinwa ukungabikho okanye ubukho umntu endaweni yakhe yokuhlala. Ukuba umntu ulahlekile, izizathu (ukufa, ukubaleka, inkonzo yomkhosi). Zonke ukuphuculwa elandelayo iphathwa emva ukuqokelelwa "Tales" yi. Ngamafutshane, umntu akwazi ukufa, kunye nentsapho yakhe kwafuneka ukuba ahlawule ukuba isicelo kunyaka olandelayo emva kokufa. Loo inkqubo ubalo ukuba urhulumente ukuphucula ukuqokelelwa irhafu kunye nemali entle phezu ekuthiwa-"imiphefumlo abafileyo".

Yasekwa ngo-1718 kubalo wagqitywa 1724, ngokwababalwayo kubo malunga nezigidi ezintlanu zabantu ngenxa yokuziphatha yawo (imvula). Abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba ngerhafu, yaziswa yi uPeter Omkhulu, waba mnye injongo kuphela - ukuqokelela imali evela kuluntu kwisiqulatho isenzo yomkhosi Russian. Izinga lokuqala serhafu ngokulinganayo kopecks 80 ngonyaka ngamnye ilungu losapho (oyindoda), kule minyaka ilandelayo ukuba lehla laya 74 eesenti. Amakholwa Old kufuneka ahlawule kabini umyinge wokuphelelwa ngerhafu phambi-1782, ngenxa oko abantu abaqhelekileyo baqamba kubo "dvoedanami". De 1775 kwakufuneka iklasi yomthengisi ukuhlawula irhafu ngebande elinye kunye nabanye, ngoko kubo zaqaliswa kunye iintlawulo nomdla okhoyo kule propati eyinkunzi.

Ukunyuka kancinane kwinkcitho karhulumente ayikwazanga kuchaphazela ubungakanani kwirhafu kubantwana elula. Ngo 1794, irhafu novoto landa engange omnye. Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-19, izinga lerhafu iye baxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo indawo yakhe yokuhlala le Mhlawuli. kwakufuneka ukuba ahlawule urhulumente abahlali yedolophu kunyaka ngamnye lingenise imali engange-2 61 kopecks. belali rhafu Poll ngeli xesha 1 engange 15 kopecks.

Kuba iminyaka embalwa, le hlobo irhafu yeyona ndlela iphambili yengeniso yombuso. Kunye nokuqaliswa kwe irhafu ngqo (eyongeziweyo kwixabiso iimpahla okanye iinkonzo), ukubaluleka kwayo ulondolozo kaNondyebo kaRhulumente sehle kakhulu. Ngowe-1863 waba wayeka ukuqokelela irhafu poll abakumgangatho ophakathi (kwiiklasi esezantsi ezidolophini) kwaye umasifundisane (neengcibi, amagcisa, abafundi kunye nabancedisi babo) ziphantse kwi wonke ummandla yoBukhosi Russian (ngaphandle eSiberia kunye Bessarabia).

ityala likarhulumente ezinkulu kurhulumente, ukuntsonkotha ukuqokelela irhafu kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni ngo-1887 i-ngerhafu eRashiya yaphela. Ngaphandle kwaba eSiberia, apho irhafu erhafiswa kwi labemi de kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini.