Iintlobo zomhlaza kunye neendlela zokonyango. Ifomu eyingozi kakhulu yomhlaza

Kuze kube yimhla, umcimbi ophuthumayo kakhulu - unyango lomhlaza. Ngaphambi kokuqwalasela, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ziphi uhlobo lomhlaza kwaye yeyiphi enye inobungozi kwimpilo nobomi.

Cancer. Ulwazi jikelele

I-Cancer isifo esibi kakhulu esivela kwiiseli ezisempilweni eziphilileyo kwaye sinokuchaphazela nayiphi na into okanye inkqubo yomzimba womntu. Kuze kube ngoku, izimbangela zokukhula kweeseli zentsholongwane azizange zifundwe ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke, xa siyazi ngakumbi iinkcukacha ezaziwa kwiyeza zanamhlanje, kulula ukukhusela oku okanye ukufumana indlela efanelekileyo.

Kukho imbono yokuba ukubonakala komhlaza kunxulumene nokuguqulwa kwamathambo omzimba. Kodwa oku akungqiniswanga, njengezinye iinguqulelo.

Izizathu zokuvela. Iintlobo zeCarcer

Ukufumana ulwazi malunga nezizathu zenzeke kunokusindisa nabani na, nangona isiphi isizathu, esengozini. Nazi zimbalwa izizathu eziqhelekileyo ezichaza uhlobo lobume beeseli zangaphandle emzimbeni ophilileyo:

• Ukungcola komoya;
• Ukungaqhelekanga kwe-Genetic;
• Ukusetyenziswa kwe-nicotine;
• Inkqubo yokuvuvukala kwisigaba esingapheliyo;
• Iintsholongwane kunye nezifo;
• Utywala;
• I-carcinogens, esetyenziswa ngoku phantse yonke into, kwaye igweme imiphumo engenakwenzeka.

Ziziphi iintlobo zomhlaza? Kukho iintlobo ezininzi:

• I-Carcinoma yindlela eqhelekileyo yomhlaza ochaphazela isisu, iprotrate, izilonda ze-mammary;
• I-leukemia ngumhlaza ohlala kwindawo yomnatha, kodwa unikezela i-metastase kuwo wonke umzimba;
• I-Sarcoma ngumhlaza ovela kwiiseli ze-lymphatic system.

Umhlaza wegazi. Ukubonakala kwingozi

Umdlavuza wegazi ubizwa ngokuba yi-hemoblastosis. Eli liqela lezifo zesistim ejikelezayo. Phakathi kwazo kukho iintlobo ezinobungozi zesifo somhlaza wegazi, i-leukemia, i- hematosarcoma, i-lymphoma, i-angioma, i-leukemia engapheliyo, i -lymphoblastosis leukemia, i-monoblastosis leukemia kunye nabanye.

I-leukemia ibonakalisa njengophulaphula ukwahlukana kunye nokwanda kweeseli ze-hematopoietic kwintolongo yethambo. Ngaloo ntsholongwane, umzimba uqokelela inani elikhulu leeseli zomhlaza ezingaphenduli naliphi na umsebenzi, kodwa ngokuthe kancinci zityhefu umzimba. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-leukemia ithinta abantu balupheleyo okanye abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emine ubudala.

Ngomdlavuza wezesondo. Umhlaza wesisu

Ukuxhaphazwa kwezidalwa zomzimba zinezilonda ezinobungozi ezinokuchaphazela izitho zangaphandle nezangaphakathi.

Okuqhelekileyo phakathi kwabasetyhini ngumhlaza wesibeleko. Iintlobo zesifo somhlaza wesibindi sithintela abasetyhini kwiminyaka engama-55 ukuya kuma-70, kodwa kaninzi kukho ukungabikho, xa kuncinci abafazi abancinci bahlolwa, kwaye banikezwa isifo esixhatshazwayo-umdlavuza we-endometrial. Kukho uhlobo lwe-hormonal kunye nokuzimela.

• I-hormonal ingumdlavuza "omncinci", kwenzeka kubasetyhini abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala, ababenenkinga yokukhulelwe, isifo sikashukela, i-hyperglycemia nezinye iingxaki.
• I-Autonomous iyenzeka kwabasetyhini abadala - iminyaka engama-60-70. Ezi zi gulane zinokunciphisa ama-hormone kunye nokungabikho kokuphazanyiswa kwamagciwane okusebenza kwenkqubo ye-endocrine.

Umhlaza wesifo somdla

Izidumbu zesisu kunye namathumbu - isifo esiqhelekileyo. Ezi ntlobo zesifo somhlaza nesisu sezondlo ziyaziwa:

• I-Polypoid - malunga ne-6% yazo zonke iindidi, kwaye umphumo wayo kukuba umhlaza uphazamisa indonga zesisu. Iindawo ezizaliswe ngumhlaza ezichaphazeleka ngumhlaza zichanekile ngokusesikweni semithambo enempilo;
• I-carcinoma, isilonda-ulcer okanye ivakalise-ine-36%, imiphetho ecacileyo ibonakalayo, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ayihlukanga kwizilonda zesisu;
• I-carticoma ekhethiweyo-ayikho imida ecacileyo, ikhupha ngaphezu kwezinga leemveliso eziphilileyo kwaye ichaphazela iindawo ezinkulu zesisu;
• Umhlaza ongena emlonyeni - ukhula ngaphakathi kweendonga zesisu, kunzima ukuxilonga;
• I-Adenocarcinoma - iqala ukusuka kwiiseli zembumbulu, okanye ngokuchanekileyo-i-epithelium ye-glandular.

Kwakhona ezinye iintlobo zesifo somhlaza:

• Adenocarcinoma;
• Lymphoma;
• ICarcinoma;
• Leukemiasarcoma.

Iintlobo zesifo somhlaza wesondlo sinokuvelisa i-metastases, kodwa ngokufikelela ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwi-oncologist, ungenza unyango olusebenzayo.

Umhlaza womlenze. Ifomu eyingozi kakhulu yomhlaza

Umdlavuza womlenze yi-neoplasm eyingozi evela kwi-epithelium ye-bronchial. Iingcali, ukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zomhlaza, kwaye ziye zafunda i-pathogenesis yazo, zazimisela ukuba i-tumor ye-lungum ngumdlavuza osongela ubomi.

Umhlaza womlenze:

• Ephakathi - i-bronchi eyona nto ichaphazelekayo;
• I-Peripheral - i-tumor ikhula ukusuka kwi-alveoli kunye ne-bronchi encinci;
• I-Mediastinal - ibonakaliswe ngokubonakala ngokukhawuleza kweemastastases kwi-lymph nodes;
• Ifomu-ntsasa-ininzi enkulu ye-foci yokukhula kweeseli ze-pathological in the tissue tissu;
• Sarcoma;
• Umhlaza we-trachea ;
• Ulwahlulo oluphantsi. Umdlavuza womlenze wale ntlobo ungenye yeyona yingozi.

Ziziphi izibangela zolu hlobo lokugula? Okokuqala, ukuvela kwesifo semiphunga kuphazamiseka ngokutshaya. Akunandaba nokuba iyasebenza okanye ingabonakali. Inyaniso yokwenza i-carcinogens iyisona esibangela umdlavuza. Into elandelayo engabangela ezo ntlobo zomhlaza, unokwazi ukuqhagamshelana neentlongo, njenge-nickel, cadmium, i-arsenic.

Ubungqina bendidlala indima ekuqaleni kwesisu, kunye nezinto ezinjenge-radioactive irradiation, i-ecology ehluphekayo, izifo ezingapheliyo zamaphaphu kunye nabanye.

Ngomhlaza webele

Ziziphi iintlobo zomhlaza phakathi kwabesifazane? Uninzi lwamaxesha amaninzi, abafazi bachatshazelwa ziintlanzi ezincinci. Esi sifo sikhokelela uluhlu lwezonyango eziyingozi kunye nezihlandlo eziqhelekileyo. Masibe neentlungu zesifuba ikakhulukazi abasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-40 ukuya kweyama-60, kodwa isifo sifana ngokukhawuleza, kwaye sele sele sele yodwa impawu zomhlaza wesifuba ezichaphazela amantombazana amantombazana.

Uninzi lweemvumi ukuba i-mammalogist okanye abafazi abazibonayo banokuthiwa yinto enobungozi. Le galactocele, i-fibro-cystic mastopathy kunye ne-fibroadenoma ye-gland. Ezi zifo zesifo, umhlaza ohlolwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ngokukhawuleza ukuchonga i-oncologists, kwaye unyango lwenziwe, mhlawumbi nokususwa kweengcambu ze-mammary ukuze kuphephe ukuphindaphinda inkqubo.

Ziziphi izizathu zokuphuhliswa kokukhula kweentsholongwane zeeseli kwi-grey gland:

• Ukungavumelekanga ekuphuhlisweni kwebele;
• Utywala, ukutshaya kunye neminye imikhwa emibi yinto ebalulekileyo yengozi, ukuba sinokuqwalasela i-genetic predisposition of the woman;
• Imvelo engcolileyo, umoya ongcolileyo kunye namanzi aphuculweyo amgangatho wokuphuza;
• Ukuhanjiswa kwexesha elifutshane kungakhokelela ekuqaliseni uphuhliso lwezilwanyana;
• Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kweziyobisi ze-hormone kunye nabanye.

Umhlaza wesifuba ukufikelela ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwi-oncologist uphathwe ngokukwazi ukukhuphela ukuphindaphinda.

Iimpawu zomhlaza

Ingxaki kukuba kwiinqanaba zokuqala zomphumo umhlaza awuzivezi, kwaye ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kunokunceda ukucacisa ubukho kunye nobuqili kwinkqubo ye-pathological process.

Iimpawu zomhlaza zi:

• Ukulahleka kwesisindo esiphuthumayo;
• Ukushisa komzimba okwexesha elide;
• Isimo sokunganakwa kunye nokunyamezela okungekho sizathu;
• Unokutshintsha umbala, ukuma, ubukhulu beempawu zokuzalwa okanye i-moles;
• Izilonda zivela kwintambo yomlomo;
• Ngexesha, ukunyuka kwengqondo kukunyuka.

Ukongeza kwiimpawu eziphambili, zikhona ezithile. Ukuphulukiswa kwexesha elide kunokuthetha ngokutshintsha iiseli emzimbeni, ukulahlekelwa yinkqubo yomdlavuza. Ukukhulelwa okanye ukuphuma kwegazi, kunye neengxaki zokuvuthwa kungabonisa ukuba kukho amangqamuzana omhlaza emzimbeni.

Ukuxilongwa kweekliniki

Okwangoku, kukho ezininzi iingxaki ezingaphendulwanga ezifunyanwa yi-oncology. Iintlobo zesifo somhlaza ziyangena kwaye zingenakuvuswa. Ukufumana unyango olulungileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuxilonga isifo ngokuchanekileyo.

Kule ndlela, basebenzisa i-ultrasound therapy, i- tomography ekhompyutheni, i- mammography (ukuchonga iintlobo zesifo somhlaza wesifuba), indlela yokugqibela yokufumanisa izicubu kwisisu, isisu kunye namathumbu, ukucatshulwa kwamaginethi, ukuxilongwa kwe-radioisotope kunye nabanye.

Oluthe ngakumbi malunga nophando lwe-radiographic - indlela ephezulu yokufumanisa umdlavuza.

Iidrafriji zisetyenziselwa ukukrokreka kweenkqubo zezilwanyana kwiiseli. Ngale ndlela, unokuhlolisisa imiphunga, intumbu enkulu, isisu, amathambo. Kungekudala, iindlela ezizodwa zisetyenzisiweyo - i-bronchography, i-angiography, eyandisa kakhulu amathuba okufumanisa iinkqubo zomhlaza.

Unyango lomhlaza

Sekudlulileyo kwiminyaka emininzi kwintetho eqhutywayo kunye nophando lwezilwanyana ukwenzela unyango lomhlaza. Kodwa, ngelishwa, iyeza lingafumananga linye indlela yokuphilisa ezo zigulane. Ngenxa yoko, emva kokufumana iinkqubo zomhlaza, unyango olunzima luyenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-radiotherapy, iziyobisi ze-chemotherapeutic kunye neendlela zokugqirha.

• Ukunyangwa kwamayeza okugulisa izigulane: umgaqo wonyango kukuba ukwanda kwentlupheko yeeseli ze-pathological to radiation ionizing. Emva kwenkqubo enjalo, ukuguqulwa kwenzeka kwenzeka kwiiseli ezigulayo, kwaye ziyafa. Ulwaphulo alubonakalwanga kubantwana, ekubeni iiseli zabo zisenokuphuhliswa kwaye zininzi ziyakucetyiswa. Ezinye iindidi zomhlaza wamaphaphu zonyango ngempumelelo emva kwenkqubo.
• Impembelelo ye-chemotherapeutic kumaseli omhlaza unobundlobongela, kwaye inkqubo iboniswa kuphela kwizigaba eziphambili, ukuba ezinye iintlobo zonyango lomhlaza aluncedi. Umthamo ukhethwe kuxhomekeke kwisisindo somguli, uhlobo lwesisu, isikhundla sakhe nesimo somguli. Hlanganisa iziyobisi ezahlukileyo ukwenzela ukwandisa umphumo kwiiseli zesisu.
• Ukunyangwa ngonyango kusetyenziswa rhoqo, kuba le ndlela iyona ndlela isebenzayo kwaye ithembekileyo. Unyango lubandakanya ukususwa kweengqwalasela zokugula. Kodwa indlela yokutyanda iya kuba yiphumelelanga ukuba umzimba sele sele unesistim.

Iindidi ezinobungozi kunye neyona nengozi yomhlaza, njengomdlavuza wemiphunga, ayikwazi ukuphiliswa rhoqo. Kule meko, unyango olusekelweyo lusetyenziswa, kodwa kukho ithuba elincinane lokuba isiguli siya kuphila.